QUESTION 1

Maximum power theorem states that the voltage source will deliver its maximum power to the
variable load resistor when load resistance equals the source resistance in a Direct Current (DC)
circuit and when load impedance equals the complex conjugate of source impedance in a
Alternating Current (AC) circuit.
Proving the maximum power theorem:
Replace two terminal linear circuit or network to the left side of variable road resistor with
resistance of RL ohms with a Thevenin’s equivalent circuit resembling a practical voltage source
A
two terminal
linear circui

The amount of power dissipated across load resistor

P L=I 2 R L
V
I=
R
V TH
I=
R TH + R L
V TH
Substituting I = into equation 1
R TH + R L

P L=¿

P L=V 2TH ¿

For maximum or minimum the first derivative is zero

d PL 2
=0=V TH ¿
d RL

¿ V 2TH
4 ( ( R L + R TH ) ( R L+ RTH −2 R L ) )
( RL + RTH )
V TH 2 (R TH −R L )
0= 3
(R ¿ ¿ L+ RTH ) ¿

RTH =RL

Therefore the power dissipated is maximum when load resistance equals source resistance in this
case Thevenin’s resistance .

Substituting Pl = Pmax and Rl = Rth in equation 1

RTH
P LMAX =V 2TH
(( ) )
R TH + RTH
2

RTH
P LMAX =V 2TH
( )
4 R2TH

V 2TH
P LMAX =
4 R 2TH

The figure below is a graph of power against load resistance

a
QUESTION 2
CURRENT DIVIDER RULE

IX
RX RI

Current divider rule states that the total current divided into either of the parallel combination of
two resistance or impedance is inversely proportional to the value of impedance or resistance
Current divider circuits are parallel circuits whereby the source current is shared into a number
of parallel paths.
Derivation of the current divider rule
When a parallel combination of, let’s say, 2 resistors is joined to a source, the current is divided
into two paths whereby the value of current depends on the resistance values. Thus, the branch
with more resistance will get lesser current due to the fact that voltage across a parallel
combination is the same.
V S =IR

For a parallel combination,

1
R EQ=
1 1
+
R X R1

R 1 R2
R EQ=
R1 + R2
V
I 1=
R1
 V
I 2=
R2

I 1 R1
I= (R +R )
R 1 R2 1 2
I1
¿ (R +R )
R2 1 2

I 2 R2 ( R 1+ R 2) I 1
I= = ( R 1+ R 2 )
R 1 R2 R1

Making I1 and I2 subjects of the formula;

I R2
I 1=
R 1+ R 2
I R1
I 2=
R 1+ R 2

RT
I X= I
R X + RT T

V =IR
VOLTAGE DIVIDER RULE

Vin

A R1 B R1
V output
I1 R2 R2

C D
Voltage Divider Derivation
As current I is flowing causing V1 and V2 voltage drops across R1 and R2, the current will
remain the same since it is a closed loop.

Let us consider a voltage source Vs with the resistance r1 and r2 connected in series across it

V
I=
R

According to Ohms law, V1=IR1…..eqn 1 , V2 =IR2 eqn 2

Applying Kirchhoff’s laws
V-V1-V2=0
V= V1+V2
SUBSTTUTING EQN 1 AND 2
V=IR1+IR2
V=I(R1+R2)
Hence
V
I=
R 1+ R 2

Substituting the value of I in 1 and 2 we get

V 1=R1 ( R V+ R )
1 2

V
V 2=R 2( )
R1 + R2

Where V2 is the output voltage

Putting the value of I from equation 2 the voltage across r1 and R2 can be given as
V S R2
V 2=
R1+ R 2
V S R1
V 1=
R1 + R2
Thus the voltage across a resistor in series equals the resistances value times the total impressed
voltage across the series elements divided by the total resistance of the series elements.

Question 3

AB= (R1//R2)+R2
R1.R2
AB= +R2
R 1+ R 2
1×1
¿ +1
1+1
1
¿ +1
2
¿ 1,5
BC=R 3+ R 4+ R 5
¿ 1+1+1
¿3
R 1× R 2
AC= +R 4+R 5
R 1+ R 2
1×1
¿ +1+1
1+1
1
¿ +1+1
2
¿ 2.5
QUESTION 4
 R1×R2 R3×R4
RTH = +
R 1+ R 2 R3+ R 4
80× 20 10 × 40
¿ +
80+20 10+40
¿ 16+9
¿ 25

DIAGRAM 3
( 80+20 ) I 1−40=0
100 I 1¿ 40
I 1=0.4
( 10+90 ) I2+ 40=0
100 I 2=−40
I 2=−0,4 A
V TH−90 I2−20 I1¿ 0
V TH−90 (−0.4 )−20 ( 0.4 )=0
V TH+36−8=0
 V TH¿−28

1 VTH 2
PMAX¿ (
4 RTH )
1 −282
¿ ( )
4 25
1
¿ ( 31.36 )
4
¿ 7,84