DR. V.P.s .S.

M’Ss

PADMABHUSHAN VASANTDADA PATIL

INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BUDHGAON, SANGLI
YEAR :- 2021-2022

A
REPORT
ON

Industrial fire hazards and its precautions

SUBMITTED BY :
144 Prasad Madhukar Patil
145 Utkarsh Vijay Shinde
146 Pratik Shivaji Jadhav

CERTIFICATE
 This to certify that the Report entitled

144 Prasad Madhukar Patil

145 Utkarsh Vijay Shinde

146 Pratik Shivaji Jadhav

Students of Third Year, in partial fulfilment for the award of diploma in Mechanical
Engineering or MSBTE Maharashtra is found to be Satisfactory and up to the Standard
envisaged for the level of the course.

GUIDE H.O.D PRINCIPAL

Mrs. Prajakta Salunkhe Mr . S.S.Suryawanshi Mr. Bajirao Patil

1.RATIONAL
A hazard is something that poses danger, peril, risk, or difficulty. On the golf course
a lake can be a hazard. A wet floor can be a slipping hazard. This module covers three other
 types of hazards: common fire hazards, special fire hazards, and hazardous materials. Part of
this module covers fire hazards and part hazardous materials.

2.AIM OF MICRO PROJECT

Industrial fire hazards and its precautions

3.ACHIEVED COURSE OUTCOMES

1. Understanding the different types of industrial fire hazards
2. Study of industrial fire hazards and its precautions

4. LITERATURE REVIEW:-
Fire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of
combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

Hazard :-
 A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can
constitute hazards when their nature would allow them, even just theoretically, to cause
damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value

Fire Hazards
The term fire hazard is used by both fire professionals and the lay public. ... Any actions,
materials, or conditions that might increase the size or severity of a fire or that might cause a
fire to start are called fire hazards. The hazard might be a fuel that is easy to ignite or a heat
source like a defective appliance.

Fire Hazard Standards

Numerous OSHA standards are in place to address fire hazards. They include standards
for hazard communication, safe storage, fire suppression systems, personal protective
equipment, planning, training, and more. There are also specific hazard standards for industries
such as construction, shipyard work, and mining. Beyond these standards, OHS authorities also
rely heavily on the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) when determining whether an
employer’s fire safety efforts are adequate.
Some aspects of fire safety have been standardized internationally. For example,
OSHA’s hazard communication standards draw upon the United Nations Globally Harmonized
System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The GHS system which ensures
that workers only ever have to be able to recognize one symbol to understand whether or not a
chemical is a fire hazard, regardless of the country that chemical is sourced from.

Types of hazard
SAFETY HAZARDS:
These are the most common and will be present in most workplaces at one time
another. They include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness and death.

Safety Hazards include:

 1. Spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as blocked aisles or cords running across
the floor.
2. Working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work area.
3. Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts; guards removed or moving
parts that a worker can accidentally touch.
4. Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring.
5. Confined spaces
6. Machinery-related hazards (lockout/tagout, boiler safety, forklifts, etc.)
PHYSICAL HAZARDS:
Are factors within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily
touching it.
Physical Hazards include:
1.Radiation: including ionizing, non-ionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radiowaves, etc.)
2.High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
3.Temperature extremes – hot and cold
4.Constant loud noise.
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS:-
Occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions put strain on
your body. They are the hardest to spot since you don’t always immediately notice the strain on
your bod or the harm that these hazards pose. Short-term exposure may result in “sore
muscles” the next day or in the days following exposure, but long-term exposure can result in
serious long-term illnesses.
Ergonomic Hazards include:
1.Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
2.Frequent lifting
3.Poor posture
4.Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive
5.Repeating the same movements over and over
6.Having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently
7.Vibration

CHEMICAL HAZARDS:-
Are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace
in any form (solid, liquid or gas). Some are safer than others, but to some workers who are
more sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or
breathing problems.
Beware of:
1.Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an
unlabelled container!
2.Vapors and fumes that come from welding or exposure to solvents
3.Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium
4.Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals.
5.Pesticides
WORK ORGANIZATION HAZARDS:
Hazards or stressors that cause stress (short-term effects) and strain (long-term
effects). These are the hazards associated with workplace issues such as workload, lack of
control and/or respect, etc.
Examples of work organization hazards include:
1.Workload demands
2.Workplace violence
3.Intensity and/or pace
4.Respect (or lack of)
5.Flexibility
6.Control or say about things
7.Social support/relations
8.Sexual harassment.
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS:
Associated with working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials. Work
in schools, day care facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals, laboratories,
emergency response,
nursing homes, outdoor occupations, etc. may expose you to biological hazards.
Types of things you may be exposed to include:

Blood and other body fluids

Fungi/mold
Bacteria and viruses
Plants
Insect bites
Animal and bird droppings.

Fire extinguisher
A portable device that discharges a jet of water, foam, gas, or other material to
extinguish a fire.
 Types of fire extinguisher

There are different types of fire extinguishers that work differently. First, understand the
types of fire extinguishers available in the market.
No single extinguisher can tackle every type of fire because these are available with
different classes. These can be divided into six categories and classes
Class A: Suited where the fire is caused by combustible carbon-based solids e. g
paper, wood textiles.
Class B: Applicable where flammable liquids eg paraffin, petrol, diesel or oil
but not cooking oil) are the cause of the fire.
Class C: For those places where the fire is caused by flammable gases, eg butane, propane or
methane.

Class D: Suitable for places where burning of metals, like aluminium, lithium or
magnesium are responsible for fire.

Class E: Used where the fire is caused by electrical equipment.

Class F: Suited where the fire is caused by fats and cooking oils.
There are five main types of fire extinguishers:

1. Water, water mist or water spray

2. Foam
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Wet Chemical
5. Dry Powder- standard or specialist

Water-Fire Extinguishers

These are suitable for Class A fire consisting of paper, wood, straw, coal, rubber, solid
plastics, soft furnishings, and more. These extinguishers cool fire by soaking it and materials
with water. These extinguish flames and absorb heat from burning objects.

You can use these in shops, offices, retail premises, schools, hotels, warehouses, and domestic
premises.

These extinguishers are:

Simplest
Most commonly used
Less expensive
Easiest to Maintain
Least Hazardous (since they only contain water)

Water Mist Extinguishers

These are the newest type of extinguisher and are very powerful but smaller in size.
These are safe and effective to use on Class A, B, C, and F fires. Also, these extinguishers can
combat fire cases caused by electrical equipment up to 1000 volts.
These devices work by cooling the fire and reducing the oxygen supply. These are
recyclable and do not contain any chemicals, and can be sometimes used on D fires also.

Water Spray Fire Extinguishers

These extinguishers are available in three and six liters water spray tanks and are
suitable to fire involving organic solid materials such as wood, cloth, paper, plastics or coal. 
They use the jet at the base of the flames and move it constantly and steadily across
the fire until extinguished. It creates a fine spray courtesy of high pressure and extinguishes the
fire.

Foam Extinguishers
 These smoothen the fire in solids and liquids ( Class A, Class B) but not applicable
for burning fats or cooking oils. There are a few models of foam extinguishers that can be used
on electrical fires. Foam Extinguishers are easy to clean and more expensive than water
extinguishers.

Dry Powder Extinguishers

For Class A, B, and C fires that are caused by burning solids, liquids and gases,
these extinguishers are the best choice. These are designed to tackle type D fires also. 
They work by the powder forming that smothers the fire and stops it from
spreading. These extinguishers are generally less expensive and powerful.

CO2 Extinguishers

These devices contain only pressurized carbon dioxide gas and suitable for use on
fires involving burning liquids (Class B), and electrical fires. They do not damage electrical
items or initiate short circuits. 
However, CO2 extinguishers get very cold during discharge and are not suitable for deep fat
fryers.

Wet Chemical Extinguishers

These extinguishers release water mists and are best suitable for class F fires.
These are mainly used in the kitchen both personal and professional. You can also use them on
Class A and Class B fires though they are less effective on these fires. These devices consist of
a pressurized solution of alkali salts in water and create a fine mist that can cool down flames,
and prevent splat

Fire Precautions
Fire Precautions Mean?

The term “fire precautions” refers to any measure that is undertaken to minimize the
risk of damage from fire to life or property. It includes the implementation and installation of
policies and equipment that are designed to prevent a fire, as well as those designed to suppress
a fire should one occur
When describing the structural features and available equipment used to ensure that
occupants of a building are able to exit the building and gather in a safe place in the event of a
fire, the term general fire precautions (GFP) is used.
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 Emergency Services
Fire Precautions

TABLE OF CONTENTS

What Does Fire Precautions Mean?

The term “fire precautions” refers to any measure that is undertaken to minimize
the risk of damage from fire to life or property. It includes the implementation and installation
of policies and equipment that are designed to prevent a fire, as well as those designed to
suppress a fire should one occur.

When describing the structural features and available equipment used to ensure
that occupants of a building are able to exit the building and gather in a safe place in the event
of a fire, the term general fire precautions (GFP) is used.

Safeopedia Explains Fire Precautions

General fire precautions include:

1. Making emergency plans, developing escape routes, shelter-in-place measures, and muster
procedures
2. Installing and maintaining fire fighting equipment, such as automatic fire suppression
devices
3. Installing fire alarms
4. Ensuring that all emergency escape routes are safe, unobstructed, and properly marked so
that they can be easily followed during an emergency
5. Ensuring that the building or facility is equipped with the structural features necessary to
stop the spread of the fire long enough for individuals to escape safely.

5. ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED

 All collected edited data to discuss/ correct for the subject teacher. That’s final gets
micro project ready Study of industrial fire hazards and precautions
 We discussed a Study of industrial Fire hazard and its precautions Then; we started the
report process.
 This time report processing all knowledge and information gives collected data in
books, websites, YouTube videos and search Google engine.
 Study of type of industrial fire hazards are given related all collecting information
data editors at the word document and then information data converted in PDF format.

6. ACTUAL RESOURCE USED

Sr. No. Name of Resources / Quantity Remark

material

1. Internet facilities More Goggles

2. Text book 1 Nirali prakashan
3. Reference book More Library
7.OUTPUT OF MICRO-PROJECT
 Study of types of industrial fire hazard
 Studying industrial fire hazards and its precautions.
 Study of different types of fire extinguisher.

8. SKILL DEVLOPED / LEARNING OUTCOME OG MICRO-

PROJETS

 Skill Developed In Project Creation.

 Develop skills in Team Work.
 Analysis of interpretation of information and presentation skills.