ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

- system of different glands in human body

- this is organs
- considered to be glands because it secrete hormones
- liver is responsible for bile
- ductless glands of hormones
- it is for regulation so that the body meet the homeotasis
- it is most related to nervous system
- the hormones are released into the bloodstream and may affect one or several
organs throughout the body
- these hormones regulate the body's growth, the physical and chemical processes of
the body

CONNECTION OF CNS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

PITUITARY GLANDS
- wall nut part of brain
- master glands of endorcrine system
- it secrete own hormone
- part of central nervous system
- ability to control other glands

POSTERIOR GLANDS
- home of oxitocin

ANTERIOR PITUITARY
- releasing hormones and regulate AP (adeno hypo physis)

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

- produced in the anterior, or front, pituitary gland in the brain.
- regulate levels of the steroid hormone cortisol, which released from the adrenal
gland
- adrenocorticotropic hormone.

GLUGOCORTICOIDS
- promotes normal metabolism of all three kinds of food, accelerate catabolism of
fats and proteins.
- accelerate gluconeogenesis

MINERALOCORTICOIDS
- marked accelaration of sodium and water re-absorption, acceleration of potassium
excretion

SEX HORMONES
- small amounts of androgens (for boys) and estrogen (for girls)

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

- pea-sized gland in the brain that plays an important role in sexual development.
- stimulate the development of eggs in the ovaries and sperm in testes

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

- helps your reproductive system: specifically, a woman's ovaries and a man's
testes. It's also called lutropin and interstitial cell stimulating hormone, for
men. (ICSH)
- causes ovulation in females and sex hormone secretion in both males and females

GROWTH HORMONE (GH)

- growth hormone
- somatotropin
- It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body
- dwarfism and gigantism

PROLACTIN
- hormone made by the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain.
- causes the breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth
- Prolactin levels are normally high for pregnant women and new mothers
- Levels are normally low for nonpregnant women and for men

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONES (THS) THYROTROPIN

- stimulate the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

THYROXINE
- stimulates metabolic rate thus essential for normal, physical and mental
development

THYROCALCITONIN
- decreases blood calcium from blood into bone

TRI-IODOTHYRONINE
- inhibits anterior pituatary secretion of TSH

HYPOTHALAMUS
- part of brain that regulate our emotion, taste, feeding mechanism, balance and
tempereture. This is controlled by hormones

PARATHYROID GLANDS

PARATHORMONE
- increases blood calcium concentration

HYPERSECRETION
- when the amount of hormones that are released is too low.

CALCITONIN
- deacreased loss of calcium from the bone and promotes hypocalimia

HORMONES OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

MEDULA
(Epinephrine)
- increase cardiac output and glucose level
- and Norepinephrine

HORMONES

PROTEIN
- most hormones except those of the adrenal cortex and sex gkands are proteins

STEROIDS
- hormones derived from lipids and produced by the adrenal cortex and sex glands

REGULATION OF HORMONES

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

- as the stimuli decreases, hormone secretion gradually decreases. At equilibrium,
hormone release stops

POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

- as the stimuli present, secretion of hormone continues
- presents of secretion is directly proportional to stimuli

- blood sugar keep in liver teporarily (polysaccharide)

HORMONE OF THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY

VASOPRESSIN
- promotes re absorption of water from kidney tubules and thus decreases excretion
of water

THYMUS GLANDS
- has the hormone THYMUSIN
- regulates immunologic process possibly through regulation of the numbers and
types of lymphoid cells

PROLACTINE
- stimulate/produce milk

OXYTOCIN
- ejection of milk

PANCREAS (islets of langerhans)

ALPHA CELLS
- produce glucagon, which increase blood glucoses level when it falls below normal

BETA CELLS
- produce insulin, helps lower blood glucose levels when it is too high.

DELTA CELLS
- produce somatostatin which inhibits secretion of insulin and glucogacon and slows
absoption of nutrients from the Gl