Microwave Optics (2)

Experiment (6)

Sleman Nabeel Sa’ad

2016056099
#Objectives:
1. Understanding the mechanism of light
refraction.
2. Calculate the index of refraction of the prism
with the styrene pellets.
3. Watching how the detector trading changes
depending on the angle change between vertical
polarize and the component detected.
4. Plot graph between Meter Reading and the
Angle of Receiver, cos() andcos (θ)
2

5. Ensure the relation between intensity and

proportional with cos (θ)
2
 Part (1):
"Refraction Through a Prism"
Answers of the questions:
 Q1:
Yes, it’s valid because the angle between the incident wave and the normal is zero
n1 sin ( 0 )=n2 sin θ2

So from above equation θ2=zero

 Q2:
c
v= , The velocity of microwave never changes in air
nair
so n air =1 and from the experiment we notice that the ratio
n1
=¿ 1.294 so n1 must be zero , n2 <n 1
n2

 Q3:
No, because there are spaces between pellets when we use the styrene
pellets.
 Part (2):
Angle of Incidence Meter Reading
0 1.0
10 0.94
20 0.88
30 0.76
40 0.6
50 0.44
60 0.26
70 0.1
80 0.4
90 0
100 0.6
110 0.12
120 0.24
130 0.44
140 0.62
150 0.76
160 0.9
170 0.96
180 1.0

"Polarization"
 Angle of Incidence VS. Meter Reading
1.2

0.8
Relative Intencity

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Receiver Angle

Angle of Incidence Meter Reading M*cos(θ) M*cos 2 (θ)

0 1.0 1 1
10 0.94 0.984808 0.969846
20 0.88 0.939693 0.883022
30 0.76 0.866025 0.75
40 0.6 0.766044 0.586824
50 0.44 0.642788 0.413176
60 0.26 0.5 0.25
70 0.1 0.34202 0.116978
80 0.4 0.173648 0.030154
90 0 6.13E-17 3.75E-33
100 0.6 0.173648 0.030154
110 0.12 0.34202 0.116978
120 0.24 0.5 0.25
130 0.44 0.642788 0.413176
140 0.62 0.766044 0.586824
150 0.76 0.866025 0.75
160 0.9 0.939693 0.883022
170 0.96 0.984808 0.969846
180 1.0 1 1
 Relative Intencity VS. Receiver Angle
1.2

0.8

Relative intencity
0.6 Meter
Reading
M*cos(θ)
0.4 M*cos^2(θ)

0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Receiver Angle

Angle of Polarizer Meter Reading Angle of Slits Meter Reading

0° (horizontal) 1
Horizontal 0
22.5° 0.84
45° 0.5 Vertical 0
67.5° 0.22
45° 0.3
90° (vertical) 0

Answers of the questions:

  Q1, Q2:
The answer in the above figure.

 Q3:
The polarizer is able to only conduct the section of the wave that it parallels
to itself.

 Q4:
When the polarizer and transmitter reach 90°, The wave is entirely blocked.
By placing the polarizer at 45°, a section of the wave parallel to the receiver is
introduced that allows for part of the wave to be detected.

 Part (3):
"Double-Slit Interference"
Angle Meter Reading Meter Reading
(7.6cm slit space) (10.6 slit space)
0 1 1
5 0.06 0.14
10 0 0.04
15 0.01 0.48
20 0.52 0.3
25 0.18 0
30 0.04 0.24
35 0 0.4
40 0.02 0.08
45 0.04 0
50 0.06 0.06
55 0.04 0.14
60 0.02 0.08
65 0 0.04
70 0 0
75 0 0
 80 0 0
85 0 0

Relative Intencity VS. Recever Angle

1.2

1
Relative Intencity (normalized)

0.8

0.6 7.6cm slit space

10.6cm slit space
0.4

0.2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Recever Angle

Answers of the questions:

 Q1:
Maximu m at (0 ° , 20 ° ,50 ° )
{
For narrow slit (7.6cm) Minamu mat (10 ° ,35 ° , 65° )
 Maximu mat (15 ° , 35 ° ,55 ° )
{
For wide slit (10.6cm) Minamu mat (25 ° , 45 ° , 70 °)
 Q2:
For maximum:
d sin ( θ )=nλ
For minimum:
d sin ( θ )=( n+ 0.5 ) λ
Note that:
d=6cm=0.06m, (for narrow)
d=9cm=0.09m, (for wide)
For narrow slit For wide slit
At 0 ° ; d sin At 15 ° ; d sin
At 20 ° ; d sin = 0.02 At 35 °; d sin = 0.052
At 50 ° ; d sin = 0.046 At 55 °; d sin = 0.074
At 10 ° ; d sin = 0.01 At 25 ° ; d sin = 0.038
At 35 °; d sin= 0.034 At 45 ° ; d sin= 0.064
At 65 ° ; d sin = 0.054 At 70 °; d sin = 0.085

 Q3:
Diffraction pattern doesn’t agree with meter reading vs. pattern