1) Introduction

Welding is a fabrication process whereby two or more parts are fused together by means of heat,
pressure or both forming a join as the parts cool. Welding is usually used on metals and
thermoplastics but can also be used on wood. The completed welded joint may be referred to as a
weldment.

2) Materials

The parts that are joined are known as a parent material. The material added to help form the join
is called filler or consumable. The form of these materials may see them referred to as parent
plate or pipe, filler wire, consumable electrode (for arc welding), etc.

Consumables are usually chosen to be similar in composition to the parent material, thus forming
a homogenous weld, but there are occasions, such as when welding brittle cast irons, when a
filler with a very different composition and, therefore, properties is used. These welds are called
heterogeneous.

3) Method

This style of welding is also referred to as Metal Inert Gas (MIG). It uses a shielding gas along
the wire electrode, which heats up the two metals to be joined. This method requires a constant
voltage and direct-current power source, and is the most common industrial welding process
which includes plate and large bore pipe.

The four primary method are ;

1. Globular transfer :
- produces a rougher weld bead due to metal droplet size and the propensity for
spattering. This method is useful for welding thick metal plates in horizontal positions.

2. Short-circuiting :
- works as the name implies – the welding wire contacts the base metal in a quickly
repeated tapping method many times per second. Because little spattering is produced in
the process, this method can be used in any welding position.
3. Spray Transfer
- transmits tiny droplets of molten metal in such a steady fashion that it maintains a
steady-contact arc weld during the process. Even though this method produces little
splatter, it is best to use on horizontal pieces that are thick and flat.

4. Pulsed-spray
- is very similar to Spray Transfer, but uses a high-low current pulse to allow micro-
cooling periods. Because of this type of delivery, this process can be used on a wide
variety of metal plate thicknesses, and in almost all welding positions. Note that when we
use the term “cooling” when describing pulsed-spray, the moments of lower voltage that
provide a cooler weld are still several thousand degrees Fahrenheit. It is only considered
cooler relative to the high-voltage portion of the cycle. All welding uses extreme
temperatures.
4) Conclusion

A welded joint may develop various discontinuities. Welding discontinuities also can be cause
by an inadequate or careless application of proper welding or by poor operator training. The
major discontinuities that affect weld quality are porosity, slag inclusions, incomplete fusion and
penetration, weld profile, high amperage and low amperage.

As a conclusions, the objective can achievable to do the practical welding we must have skill to
do the welding, used the knowledge and understanding of the theories, and also welding
techniques are applied in the practical welding. We were remained to stay alert in safety while
doing a work before and after finish the practice. We also learned how to process the welding
joint meeting and the best angle ,concentration, and the movement of the electrode and the speed
of moving the electrode to be used. We were also introduced to the thickness of the metal and
type of the electrode are used are the factor in arc welding process.

https://www.lincolntech.edu/news/skilled-trades/welding-technology/types-of-welding-
procedures

https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-welding