M Prakash Institute MATHS CONCEPT BUILDING STD VI / VII

LECTURE 1 : BASIC PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS

Types of Numbers :
 Natural Numbers - Common counting numbers. Eg: 1,2,3, ….

 Whole Numbers - The set of Natural Numbers with the number 0 adjoined.
Eg: 0,1,2,3,…

 Integers - Whole Numbers with their opposites (negative numbers)

adjoined. Eg: …., -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3….

 Rational Numbers - All numbers which can be written as fractions.

( form) . Eg: …, - , - , - , 0, + ,+ ,+ , ….

 Irrational Numbers - All numbers which cannot be written as fractions.

Eg: …., -√3 , -√2, +√2, +√3…..

 Real Numbers - The set of Rational Numbers with the set of Irrational
Numbers adjoined.

Prime and Composite numbers

 Prime Number - A natural number greater than 1 which has only 1 and
itself as factors. Eg: 2,3,5, 7,….

 Composite Number - A natural number greater than 1 which has more

factors than 1 and itself. Eg: 4,6,8,9,…

Even and Odd numbers

 Even numbers: Divisible by 2 without remainders; end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

 Odd numbers: Not evenly divisible by 2 ; end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.

 Number line:
 A number line is a visual representation of numbers on a straight line.

 Every point of a number line is assumed to correspond to a real number,

and every real number to a point.

 The number associated with the point is called its ‘coordinate’

 The value of a number increases from left to right.

 Distance between any two points on the number line is the positive
difference in their co ordinates
Example: d(A,B) = { 12 – (-2)} or (-2 -12) = 14 units

Can we locate the exact position of √3 on a number line??

YES… We will discuss how in the same course, later! 😊

Example:
P and Q are two distinct points on a number line. If the number associated with
the point P is –3, and the distance between P and Q is 5 units, then find the
number/s associated with the point Q..
 Computation of numbers

 ‘From’ and ‘Between’ numbers:

‘From’ numbers include the tail end numbers of the given set
Eg: There are 4 numbers ‘from’ 2 to 5
How to find? (For consecutive numbers)
Number of numbers = (Last number – 1st number) +1

‘Between’ numbers exclude the tail end numbers of the given set
Eg: There are 2 numbers ‘between’ 2 and 5
How to find? (For consecutive numbers)
Number of numbers = (Last number – 1st number) -1

Example:
(1) By using the digits 2, 3 and 5, how many three- digit numbers greater than
500 can be formed, such that one digit occurs only once in each number?

(2) ‘K’ is an even number. Which of the following is the 3rd odd number
before ‘K’ in serial order?

HW assignment:
(1) How many odd numbers are there from 32 to 51?
(2) How many multiples of 3 are there between 32 and 51?
Derive a general formula for such questions.
We will discuss this in the next lecture!!
 Basic operations on numbers :
 Addition : Sum or total of given numbers. Eg: 2 + 2 = 4
Symbol: ‘+’. Answer is called ‘Sum’

 Subtraction : Difference in two numbers. Eg: 3 -2 =1

Opposites numbers:
The same number with opposite signs are called ‘Opposite numbers’ .
They are equidistant from ‘0’ on the number line.
Their sum is always ‘0’ Eg: (+7 – 7) = 0)

Symbol used : ‘-’ . Answer is called ‘Difference’

 Multiplication : Repeated addition . Eg: 2 + 2 + 2 (3 times ) = 2 x 3 =6

Symbol used : ‘x’. Answer is called ‘Product’
Other terms : The number that multiplies : ‘Multiplier’
The number that gets multiplied : ‘Multiplicand’

Reciprocals :
The fractions in which the N and D are exchanged, are called ‘Reciprocals’ of each other.
Their product is always ‘1’ .Eg: 7 x = 1

 Division : Repeated subtraction. Eg: 12 – 3-3-3-3 (4times) = 0 So, 12÷3 =4

Symbol used: ‘÷’ . Answer is called : ‘Quotient’
Other terms : The number that divides : ‘Divisor’
The number that gets divided : ‘Dividend’
The integer "left over" after division : ‘Remainder’

Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient ) + Remainder

When the divisor completely divides the dividend, remainder is ‘ 0’.
 Examples:
(1) What is the total of all odd numbers between 50 and 60?

(2) In a bundle of notes of Rs. 50 denominations, there are notes numbered

from 17401 to 17485, arranged serially. What is the total amount in the
bundle?

(3) Sum of 3 consecutive even numbers is 498. Find the difference in the
greatest and smallest number of the set.
(4) The cost of an eraser and sharpener is Rs. 4.50. If the cost of sharpener is
Rs. 1.00 more than that of eraser, find the cost of the eraser.

(5) What should be added to 68 x 37 to make it divisible by 5?

(6) When number is multiplied by 17, instead of by 12, the product is greater
by 25. Find the number.
(7) When certain number is divided by 15, quotient is 22 and remainder is 9. If
the same number is divided by 22. what will be the remainder?

(8) How many three- digit numbers are divisible by 6 in all?

(9) A hall 10 ft. by 2.5 ft. is to be paved with square tiles. What is the least
number of tiles required to cover the floor?