GPS Receiver with Active Antenna

Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites

broadcast signals from space that GPS
receivers, use to provide three-dimensional
location (latitude, longitude, and altitude)
plus precise time.

GPS receivers provides reliable positioning,navigation, and timing services to worldwide

users on a continuous basis in all weather,day and night, anywhere on or near the
Earth. Sunrom’s ultra-sensitive GPS receiver can acquire GPS signals from 65 channels
of satellites and output position data with high accuracy in extremely challenging
environments and under poor signal conditions due to its active antenna and high
sensitivity.
The GPS receiver’s -
160dBm tracking sensitivity allows continuous position coverage in nearly all application
environments.
The output is serial data of 9600 baud rate which is standard NMEA 0183 v3.0 protocol
offering
industry standard data messages and a command set for easy interface to mapping
software and
embedded devices.
Features

High sensitivity -160dBm

Searching up to 65 Channel of satellites
LED indicating data output
Low power consumption
GPS L1 C/A Code
Supports NMEA0183 V 3.01 data protocol
Real time navigation for location based services
Works from +5V DC signal and outputs 9600 bps serial data
Magnetic base active antenna with 3 meter wire length for vehicle rooftop installation

Applications

Car Navigation and Marine Navigation, Fleet Management

Automotive Navigator Tracking, Vehicle Tracking
AVL and Location-Based Services
Auto Pilot, Personal Navigation or touring devices
Tracking devices/systems and Mapping devices application Emergency Locator
Geographic Surveying
Personal Positioning
Sporting and Recreation
Embedded applications which needs to be aware of its location on earth
GPS Introduction
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is global navigation satellite system which uses a
constellation of between 24 and 32 Medium Earth Orbit satellites that transmit precise
microwave signals, that enable GPS receivers to determine their location, speed,
direction, and time. GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation worldwide, and a
useful tool for map-making, land surveying, commerce, scientific uses, tracking and
surveillance, and hobbies such as geo-caching and way marking. Also, the precise time
reference is used in many applications including the scientific study of earthquakes and
as a time synchronization source for cellular network protocols.GPS has become a
mainstay of transportation systems worldwide, providing navigation for aviation,
ground, and maritime operations. Disaster relief and emergency services depend upon
GPS for location and timing capabilities in their life-saving missions. The accurate timing
that GPS provides facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile phone
operations, and even the control of power grids. Farmers, surveyors, geologists and
countless others perform their work more efficiently, safely, economically, and
accurately using the free and open GPS signals.
GPS Method of Operation
A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the
constellation of GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits
messages containing the time the message was sent, a precise orbit for the satellite
sending the message (the ephemeris),and the general system health and rough orbits
of all GPS satellites (the almanac). These signals travel at the speed of light through
outer space, and slightly slower through the atmosphere. The receiver uses the arrival
time of each message to measure the distance to each satellite thereby establishing
that the GPS receiver is approximately on the surfaces of spheres centered at each
satellite. The GPS receiver also uses, when appropriate, the knowledge that the GPS
receiver is on (if vehicle altitude is known) or near the surface of a sphere centered at
the earth center. Thisinformation is then used to estimate the position of the GPS
receiver as the intersection of sphere surfaces. The resulting coordinates are converted
to a more convenient form for the user such aslatitude and longitude, or location on a
map, then displayed.

It might seem that three sphere surfaces would be enough to solve for position, since
space has three dimensions. However a fourth condition is needed for two reasons.
One has to do with position and the other is to correct the GPS receiver clock.

It turns out that three sphere surfaces usually intersect in two points. Thus a fourth
sphere surface isneeded to determine which intersection is the GPS receiver position.
For near earth vehicles, this knowledge that it is near earth is sufficient to determine the
GPS receiver position since for thiscase there is only one intersection which is near
earth.

A fourth sphere surface is also needed to correct the GPS receiver clock. More precise
information is needed for this task. An estimate of the radius of the sphere is required.
Therefore an approximation of the earth altitude or radius of the sphere centered at the
satellite must be known.
The GPS Receiver consist of two units, first is active antenna which receives RF signals
and amplifies it. The antenna is active in the sense it takes power from the module and
amplifies thesignal for high sensitivity. The RF signal is filtered and processed to
generate NMEA format serial data output.

Using GPS Receiver

The connector of GPS contains three wires
Red wire is TXD Out
Brown wire is +5V
Black wire is Ground
These connections are marked on the PCB. Provide regulated +5V DC supply to +5V
and Ground. The TXD output wire can be connected to microcontroller directly.
The LED onboard will indicate that data is being transmitted out. It will blink every
second indicating data out.
Note: Do not connect TXD output pin to serial port of PC directly, It needs a MAX232
level conversion circuit since the unit has 5V level output signal.

Following pages described some hardware connection examples

Connecting GPS Receiver to Microcontroller

Here is an example of interfacing with microcontroller AT89S52 having UART at 5V

level. Configure your microcontroller to communicate at 9600 baud rate and parse the
incoming data.
Interfacing with RS232
If you wish to interface the module with RS232 level like a PC serial port or any other
device you need a level convertor such as MAX232 as shown below.
Interfacing to USB Port and Powering from USB Port

It will appear as virtual serial port on PC to which you can communicate through any
software which can transmit receive by this serial port like hyperterminal or custom
made software.

General GPS Receiver User’s Tips

If the satellite signals can not be locked or experiencing receiving problem (while in
urban area), following steps are suggested:
o a) Please plug the external active antenna into GPS receiver and put the antenna
outdoor or on the roof of the vehicle for better receiving performance.
o b) Move to another open space or reposition GPS receiver toward the direction with
 least blockage.
o c) Move the GPS receiver away from the interference sources.
o d) Wait until the weather condition is improved.
Some vehicles having heavy metallic sun protecting coating on windshields may affect
signal receptions
Driving in and around high buildings may affect signal reception.
Driving under tunnels or in buildings may affect signal reception.
In general, GPS receiver performs best in open space where it can see clean sky.
Weather will affect GPS reception – rain & snow contribute to worsen sensitivity.
When GPS receiver is moving, it will take longer time to get position fix. Wait for
satellite signals to be locked at a fixed point when first power-on the GPS receiver to
ensure quick GPS position fix.

NMEA Messages
The serial interface protocol is based on the National Marine Electronics Association’s
NMEA 0183 ASCII interface specification. This standard is fully define in “NMEA 0183,
Version 3.01” The standard may be obtained from NMEA.

NMEA Protocol
This section provides a brief overview of the NMEA 0183 protocol, and describes both
the standard and optional messages offered by the GPS Receiver. NMEA 0183 is a
simple, yet comprehensive ASCII protocol which defines both the communication
interface and the data format. The NMEA 0183 protocol was originally established to
allow marine navigation equipment to share information. Since it is a well established
industry standard, NMEA 0183 has also gained popularity for use in applications other
than marine electronics. The GPS receiver supports the latest release of NMEA 0183,
Version 3.0 (July 1, 2000). The primary change in release 3.0 is the addition of the
mode indicators in the GLL, RMC, and VTG messages. For those applications requiring
output only from the GPS receiver, the standard NMEA 0183 sentences are a popular
choice. Many standard application packages support the standard NMEA output
messages. The standard NMEA output only messages are: GGA, GLL, GSA, GSV,
RMC, VTC, and ZDA.

NMEA 0183 Message Format

The NMEA 0183 protocol covers a broad array of navigation data. The entire protocol
encompasses over 50 messages, but only a sub-set of these messages apply to this
GPS receiver. The NMEA message structure is described below.
$IDMSG,D1,D2,D3,D4,.......,Dn*CS[CR][LF]
NMEA 0183 standard messages vary in length, but each message is limited to 79
characters or less. This length limitation excludes the “$” and the [CR][LF]. The
standard message data field block, including delimiters, is limited to 74 characters or
less.

GGA - Global Positioning System Fix Data

Time, position and fix related data for a GPS receiver.
Structure:
$GPGGA,hhmmss.sss,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,,,,xxxx*hh<CR
><LF>
Field 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Example:
$GPGGA,111636.932,2447.0949,N,12100.5223,E,1,11,0.8,118.2,M,,,,0000*02<CR><L
F>
Field 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

GLL – Latitude/Longitude
Latitude and longitude of current position, time, and status.
Structure: $GPGLL,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,hhmmss.sss,A,a*hh<CR><LF>
Field 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Example:
$GPGLL,2447.0944,N,12100.5213,E,112609.932,A,A*57<CR><LF>
Field 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8