QUANTIZATION AND CODING OF TRANSFORM COEFFICIENTS
Transform coding
[es ani en Compressed
image
NXN
images
Compressed Uncompressed
Blocking artifact: boundaries between subimages become
visibleMotivation for “Transformation”
+ Motivation for transformation:
— To yield a more efficient representation of the original samples.
— The transformed parameters should require fewer bits to code.
+ Types of transformation used:
— For speech coding: prediction
* Code predictor and prediction error samples
— For audio coding: subband decomposition
+ Code subband samples
— For image coding: DCT and wavelet transforms
* Code DCT/wavelet coefficients
Transform Coding
+ Represent an image as the linear combination of some basis
images and specify the linear coefficients.
60-61 / 86ke bes Ee
Kh pe
Joo iP x alk know) | 4 He telingg tra fia,
@) & od veel prams Elna
aan dn der [oer De have Piped mhie
esate ry jee bea PNG the tramsition alee
Yel pends oy HP MGA | :
St 4 stohed based method ‘wae Pa image
Com pression
Lrcamngle
—Jo, caale
hes
ee bam | ey co
ore aurea”
aa feel -€
e grhhul “eh
09 )
>
a
Fae
2
be cae ohare?
=
Eigen Weeks Veet)
Len ae a) (] 3
ore Ob Ne
ou — On bet
oe
oie &. 27 Ey]
apr HEY ue
Orie A AO
iined oats
Poon
the tro
eae
Ho ede WO { Dt) +bity) Biv)
aeThe Discrete Cosine Transform
eee ECU Om BC eas
image transformation in most visual systems. DCT has
eke alo M antimatter nt
Seni Momo clu mite ene hase
Paneer omen
eee Ris atom OnE
Represents data via summation of variable frequency
Ost e
fe een aK Ree ene Re meee Cee
Pree eure eo O eet NCCE)
een eae een Tseenttc itt
Pree a Uke Meet ene CT)
Stereo erences mieten miners
NANA Qx+Dur, Qy+Dve
mward c(u,v) = away) EE f(x,y)cos > MF reas(& S »
am 2N 2N
1,901 oNel
5 c
terse fx.y) = EE alacvjC(u, v)cos( a
0 = 2
Qx+Dux y+ Ive
7 )eos
XL YO Lyon Nelve) reaneCono) i Be
BYR rece)
Energy Compaction
Separability
any
Orthogonality
De correlatio
The principle advantage of image transformation is the
removal of redundancy between neighboring pixels. This
tem see kne iit eMy te nnn
encoded independently.
The amplitude of the autocorrelation after the DCT
operation is very small at all lags. Hence, it can be inferred
that DCT exhibits excellent de correlation properties.+ bosses
1LRunlength
2.Huffma
3.Shannon Fano
4 Aithmetic
S.Dictionary based
+ bossy
1.Lossy Predictive Lossy
2VectorQuantization
3 Block Fansform
41Pe6
spec conpvset
+ Broadcast Television
+ Remote sonsng via satelite
+ Miltary communication wa radar, sonar
+ Tele conferencing
+ Computer communications
+ Facsimile transmission
+ Medical images :in computer tomography
+ Magnetic Resonance imaging(MRI)
+ Satelite images, geological surveys, weather maps
Why Compress?
“Video Format —¥ Size Color Frame Rate Raw Dats
Sampling ? (Mi