p

COMPLEX NUMBERS AND

5 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Chap ter at a Glance
I~TRODL'CTIO ~. ALGEB RA OF CO:\IPL EX ~UMBE RS, DISTRI BUTl\"E PROPE RT\'

COMPLEX NUIIIERI
I
r~.iml>ers of the form a + 1b. where a and b an, real numbers and I • • ·-t an, caJled complex numbers.

It rs also wrm2n as C = {a + 1/J : a. b e. R} e.g. 2 +

,3
3,, - 4+ T'• 1, 6. 1,. - lt, rte.
I
Complex numbe, a + lb is also represented by a smgte letter 1. we •Tite 1 • a + ,o_'
·a· is knov.11 as areal patt of a complex number and ls wnnen as Re Ill • 1. 'tJ' is known as an ~-r-J!)' P¥t Of , COl'l1)lel
IUllblf n 11
wn:1ell as Im ~) = b.

pau (0, 3) implies complex number O + lt._____ ________

Complex number 1 = a + tb as also rel)f!Sented as an ordefed PM (I. bl e g 2 - 31 is reprtSenl!d as 111 o,defed ,_ (2. - 31 r,a
,
araerecr

• I
Geometrical repmentalio1 I comple1 numlMlr.
ot
As complex numllef z =, + lb can be represented as an ordered
'
In complel number '
If lffllgtfY,Y 1)¥t. I I O • 0 l'.-A
l = I + t,, II IHI ~1. I e I • 0 rvnber IS pu,ftt rM.1 D 3 • 3 + ~.
paw (a. b). llus ordered paar can be rep,esented on a plane. Al
lhe real numbers• - a + ~ are repesen&ed on tl1e .1-D1S. So 1ht
ltlel1run beriSp,n flf~. eg.
1 1
-.1--.. 7 +«.
.1-ilXlS IS known as a real ax,s and al purely magiwy numbers 7i - 0 + 1,. - 2' - 0- z.i, I
t,, = o + 111 are represented on the ,-all.is. So the 1-&JUS is called
mag,nary ai,s and lhe plane IS called Atgand plll,e or Atpd
- ---- - '
All rHI rtumDttl I Ul'I De r.:rt,n
Diagram or COlf¥Jla planf or Gaussian plane. ISl • r+() ~ . NMI
y af IHI numtets 15 I 5"l)Uf d Ill
•---••••••IP(• ♦~) set of COffl)la ~ 11 A ..: C

II • i I
'
11111: ,., rq l'\iP.WS . . ~~
~ ti.a I COll1'D IUT'CS ffliil";

--~-- --- --- ---

E..-anw 11 .-.111 ■ tsn:: 'hlo complex numC>ers are Uid ID oe t®M f l!'.e.r c ~ ,111 a.~ rr~z, ~
or~ nafbe lrUI I\IT1I«

, + ~= c + Ill c::> a - c:. It = d. n fCllai. • •

MIO &,. Ol • (I:. en ~ • • c. II = tJ
..,~- ·- - - - - --------- --- -- -

Addition ol complex numbers:
Addtllon o1 two complex numbers
Is a complex number.
II a + lb and c + Id are two
complex numbers Uien
(a + lb) + (C t id)
= (a + c) + l(b + d).
Note: In namal practice we add
similar terms. eg.
3- 51+2+61
= (3 + 2) + (6 - sv = 5 + ,.
AUiEBRA Of COMPLEX NUMBERS ,
. , +-
l
Difference of complex numbers: MutUpllcaUon of
l
complu numbers: Division ol 11111n
J
c...,..
Difference of IWD complex numbers Multlpllcauon of two complex Division ot two compl, r
Is addition of first complex number numbers Is a complex number. For numbers is muUipl1cat1on ol
and additive Inverse of second complex numbers a+ lb and c + kl, complex number In nummtor
complex numbers. (a + ib) (c + Id) wllh multipllcabve lnvers, of
e.g. tt we have to find the difference = (ac - bd) + /(ad + be). complex numb« In denominafDC
of complex numbers Note: In normal practice we open I.e.
3+4/an dl-/ brackets, use fl • -1 and collect a+lb 1
⇒ we have to add slmllar terms. c+iii = ,. + ,,,, )( cc + ,,,,
3 + 4i and -(1- 1)

i
Propertla with respect to addition
~) Closure: AdoiUon of two complex numbers Is a c I PropertJes with respect ta multlpHcatlan
(11) Commutative: fOf 1 1 C· omp ex number. Closure: Multlpllcauon of rwo complex numbers Is • c_,_
1n number.
. It 2E , l 1 +z2 cz +z _,..,....
(m) Assoc,arive: For z,. 12 z E C z + (l z ,.
(Iv) Add/live Identity: F~r\ co~' 1
2
+ ~J = (I, + lz) + l3. (ii) Commutative: For z1, z1 e c, ,,z • 1 1
z
numbe, o + 01 " c Is k Pex a + ib e C, a complex (//,) Associative· For ' '
(a + ib) + (0 + 0,) .. +
1
~:wn as Its additive Identity as 'Iv) M lti. • . .
,
z,. 11, z, e C, z,.'11.ziJ • '1,z,JzJ·
u lplicatwo Identity. for ac

=. called°':
I
M Additive Inverse: For a comp!~ number number 1 + 0/ e c~ me numbe, • + lb • C, 1 eom,,11:r
a + lb E C. acomplex number - a + (a + lb) (1 + Ol1 + ib. mulllplicativt Identity II
°' - (I + lb) Is called Its add~lv(e I ) /(- b)
nve,se M Multlpltcative Inverse· For 1 complex number •
'" + I'") + ((- a) + 1(- bl) "• o +
"' " o,,
as · 1 1 + lb 111
multlpllcalive Inverse Is denoted hu ..! '
1 1 "' I and II given by
- = a+- ib• """T- • -~ lb I - i1J
'-"' -
l
- I + b2 ,z + ,1. -
b' • + b' .
_
Diltrtbutht PNlplfty• For
No1a· 1• ' l1, li, li & C z • (l
--.:. • n E Z tan be tlq)/tssed In la • I 2 + l a) oa z, •11 + 11 • l 3
- - - ~ of :t 1 or :t ,. '

THEMO DULUS AN - ---------

D THE CONJU GATE OF A COMPL EJI( NUMBER

~ G by Z, ta GNIII by~ r : Given I

C..1111181~11cem,i.1 ~ ===~~j_ ----~-~----
eomp..
CONJUBATE OF A ~ - ·.

2- 3/ • 2 3/ /+'I l •I-lb. I I . Wt Changel'lllnlber l • I+ At) llenlla

~ h • (I, bi It!+ -• 7 - /; ~ • 4, 21 • the sign Of the knaoina,yCGnlllOlle,
- - - - ~ . Ill~ It. -b).

------- -2J, lie, Pirt 1.g,

38
~~
C1111petency Bat... -~.. - ·
 C2 !s aw e ~
J'

'
l

1,i • •1·' • 1-r t 11,

~
+ , ,1 ~ '11.1 • t1,f I• ',,.
11. 1,
-.,. -~ !_'- J~ .-,J __ _ -~ I 1
,,1 , •
' I '
.
' ' fzf
' 4
l
~~ e J~1I- IL,I ,!il• - ll ,I
lz, I 11,1 - - l•i 'c 1

' •. n,
!I' I• 111 H
A RG AN U PL A~ J: A~ () PO LA R
REPR£SE.NTATJO.N

I
- . -.
f-'.a-r-. r, _., ,, r,·r.o,,a nr.tAt1 r. r t e , ~
11 '
~• • kp rd ~ .-.1jauuja plane.
. . . . .- --,~ ~ ~
(~M l 1 ~-,,:-r,;.r., rv- w I • I • , ,, '1'4'!111.J : , -
r:-,- .· ,~..t.a? v-d " 4 r:G·ll"t ~ ~ 11; r'1f
'I 'A rcACAe.
'
. - ~ - ~ C,,Z • rft: Olt
+ll l'II J. rilc llld b y
, Pf :.·, II I - n •V .,.-.rt :it. " -
;,r~ it'; (I) - " ~ .c: M v.rdiOit.,, d Iv, af, nb so • ., dlCidt
-:-11: ~.. 1r t ~~• •':r.'I :i ~-=-1 ~~ as t . "'·
~. -.: r~ ,,r w (;"2 . cs; " v. wt ~ 11
1 1
/ 2 f•/~1 4~• • , :,;,, ,~.., • / 2 ( / 2 • ' / 2 )
• 1 • • n tat, nia ,, ~ •
0

12. u:; / 1)
• L' -:..•.1 vr •,:;,, 'Ir, • ~,( 2t • 'T ·
• ' • ~ 3 '· "'·
- - - - ---------------- -- -
·~ (J LA kf: l((> (JT ()F A co ,1 Pl
.. £X ~(; ~fB EK

11 11 •~ ~
'r - - - -- -- -- --
y
__
, r.. Jo Ind . . . . rocll "'. Qt ?- . . , . . . , ♦ ••
SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION
QUADRATIC EQUATION

t - -- ~- - - '
An equation a>.2 + bx + c = o. a ~ o, a, b, c e R represents a general form of a quadratic equation in variable x.
- ·- - +- ---- - -- - t
Solutions or roots of aquadratic equation o or 6 = b2 - 4ac Is known as If the coefficients a, b, c of a quadratic
ax2 + bx + c = 0 are, dlscrimlnanl. equation ax2 + bx + c = Oare complex.
then equation has two complex roots.
x : -b ± ✓b2 - 4ac
2a
, __ ·-------
+ +
If D > 0, then roots are real and unequal. If O = 0, then roots are real and equal. If o < 0, then roots are complex and
conjugate of each other.

Multiple Choice Questions

l. Two complex numbers z 1 = a + ib 7. The multiplicative inverse of (4 - 3i) is
and z2 = c + id are equal if (a) 4 - 3i (h) 4+3i
(a) a = c (b) b = d 25 25
(c) a = c and b = d (d) none of these (c)
4
~ Ji (d) 4 + 3i
2. If z 1 = a + ib and z 2 = c + id, be any two 8. The value of (z + 3) (i + 3) is equivalent to
complex numbers. Then the sum z 1 + z2 be (a) lz + 31
2
(b) lz - 3 I
(a) a+ b (b) a+ c (c) z2 + 3 (d) none of these
(c) (a+ c) + i(b + d) (d) none of these (NCERT Exemplar)
3. Multiplicative inverse of 1 + i is 9. If z is a complex number. then

(a) 1 - i
(b) __1_+_1_; (a) lz21 > lz I (h) 1z21 = lz/2
12 12 (c) lz21 < lzl 2 (d) lz21 ~ lzl 2
(c) _1_ _ _ 1_; (d) l - _I_; fNCERT E1emplarJ
12 12 2 12 10. The conjugate of complex number 7i - 3 is
4. For the complex number - Ji+ 6 Re(- 3i + 6) is (a) 7 - 3; (b) - 1i - 3
(a) 6 (b) - 3 (c) 7i + 3 (d) 3 + 7i
(c) - 6 (d) - 3i 11. The absolute value of complex number
s. Simplified form of ;2 is
57 3 + 6i is
(a) 9 (b) 3
(a) - 1 (b) i
(c) 6 (d) 3/5
(c) l (d) - i
,4n + 3 ,4n - 3 12. If a+ ib = c + id, then
I - l 2
6. The value of is (a) a2 + c2 = 0 (b) b 2 + c = 0
2 2 2 2
(c) b2 + d2 = 0 (d} a +b =c +d2
(b) ;
(a) I JNCERT EHmplarJ
(c) - 1 (d) - ;

.A Competency Based and Objective Type Ouestions-11

40 7t1@ef~~
~Ji. 'L~ ~ l till;
s
24. If x + 2i - y + 1 - xi = 3 + 6i, then value~
n. IJil = of x andy are
(11) 3 (b) - 3
(a) X = 4, y = 8 (b) x = -4, y = 0
(r) 3f:i (d} - 3';' .
(c) X = 8, y = 12 (d) X = 3,y = 7
14. Conjugnte of complex number' - 4 is
(a)P+ -t (h)4 - i 25. For the complex number (4n - 5) + (n - J)/,
(c) - 4 + ; (d) - 4 - ; to be purely real, 11 should be
15. For the quadratic equation x2 - Six - 6 = 0, (a) ~ (b) 3
the value of x is
(a) 3, 2 (b) - 3i, - 2i (c) _1 (d) -3
(cl) none of these 4
(c) 3i, 2i
4
t6. l=1=?I = 26. Re( 1+ Ji) is
(a) : 1: 1 (b) z1 z2
(a) 4 (b) 4
(c) \: 11~~1 (d) / z1z2
3
17. If a c~mplex number lies in the third quadrant,
6 (d) 2
then its conjugate lies in the (c) - -
5 5
(a) 1st quad.rant (b) Ilnd quadrant
(c) lllrd quad.rant (d) IVth quadrant 27. (3 + 4i) 2
=a - bi, then
18. 1f (3 + r) (3 + 21) (3 + 3,) ..... (3 + m) = x + iy (a) a = 25, b = 24
then I0.13. 18 ..... (9 + ,,2) = (b) a =-l6,b=24
(a) x2 + y- (b) j xi+ y2 (c) a = - 7, b = - 24
(c) X (d) y (d) a =-7,b=24
19 · The conjugate of - ifs is
28. If z = x + iy a relation between x and y for
(a) ;fs (b) /s lz + 41 = 3 is
(c) - ; (d) ;
(a) x2 + J;i. + 8y + 7 = O
lO. The modulus of 6 _ ; is
(a) 37 (b) 6 + ;
(b) x2 + y 2 + 8x + 7 = 0
(c) 6 (d) m (c) x 2 + y2 + 1 =O
21 The .
· is• conJugatc ofcomplex number ( I _ 12;'f
(d) z2 + 8z + 7 = 0
29. The conjugate of ..! is
;S
(a) - 1+ 2 ./2; (b) - 1- 2 -1r.:
2; 4
(a) - (h) -4i
22 {c-) l + ~ ./2; (cl) l - 212; ;l
· The conJugalc of complex number (- 1, 5) is (c) 4i (J) -4
(a) (- 1, 5) (b) (I, 5)
(c) (- 1, - 5) (d) (I, - 5)
30. Im (
2
! Ji ) is equal 10

23 • i 19 27 10 (h) - IS
- 21 + 6 in standard form is <a> TI IJ
(a) 6 + / (b) 6 + 3i -10
k) """f3 (d) 11
(c) 6 - Ji (d) 6 + 2i 13

MafNmlticS 41

2021/ 12/ 06 11:39

 37. The area of the triangle on the complex .plane
31. Roots of a quadratic equation a:l +bx+ c = 0, formed by the complex numbers z, - ,z and
a -t o, a, b, c e R are z + iz is:
• (a) real and unequal
(a) lzl2 (b) lzi2
(b) real and equal 2
(c) complex (c) Iz 1 (d) none of these
2
(d) complex and conjugate of each other
38. The equation Iz + l - i I=jz- I + ; I represents a
32. lf z + (-z) = 0, then (- z) is called (a) straight line (b) circle
(a) Additive inverse (c) parabola (d) hyperbola
(b) Additive inverse of z 39. Number of solutions of the equation
(c) Negative of (-z) z2 + lz21 = 0 is
(d) none of these (a) I (h) 2
33. If z1 =a+ ib and z2 = c + id are two complex (c) 3 (d) infinitely many
numbers. Then the product z1z2 is defined as 40. sin x + i cos 2x and cos x - i sin 2x are
(a) ac + bd conjugate to each other for:

(b) ac + i(bd) (a) x = mt (h) x = (n + ~);

(c) (ac - bd) + i(ad + be) (c) X =0 (d) No value of x
(d) none of these 4 I. The real value of a for which the expression
34. The number of solutions of the equation I - ; sin a .
. .
I.
ts pure1y rea 1s :
i + I z 12 = o, z 'F- o is l + 2,sma
(a) 1 (a) (n + I)~
2
(b) 2 (b) (2n + I)~
2
(c) 3 (c) mt
(d) infinity many solutions (d) None o f these. where n e N
1
35. 1 + ;2 + r' + ,"' + ... + ;2n is
INCERT Eumplarl
(a) positive 42 • l! z = x + iy lies in the third quadrant., then
(b) negative : also lies in the third quadrant if
(c) 0
(a) X >y >0
(b) x < y < O
(d) can not be evaluated (c) y < X <0
(d) Y > X >0
36. lf the complex number z = ·•.. + ,·'Y sat·1sfi es
the condition Iz + t I = I, then z lies on l~CERT Ea.-,,.,,
(a) x-a~is
43. Jf t+
(~ ·)x
1- , == I , then
(b) circle with centre ( 1, 0) and radius I (a) x = 2n + 1 (b) x = 4n
(c) circle with centre (- l O) d . (c) X = 2n
• an rad1us I
(d) y-axis (d) x = 4n + I. where n e N

7 ~ ~ Competency Based and ObJ·e,..;...11 1i

(~CERT Eumplarl
42 .
..u, YP• luestions-n
44. A real value of x satisfies the equation (c) b2 + cf = 0
3 - 4ix ) _ ·n. A •
( 3 + 4ix - a - ,..,(a..,, e R) 1f a 2 + ~2 = (d) a2 + b2 = c2 + tf fNCERT EitmplarJ
(a) l (b) - I 49. Th·e complex number z which satisfies the
(c) 2 (d) - 2 ..
condJtJOn -. - fi+zj
1- Z
= 11·1es on
(~CERT EumplarJ (a) circle x2 + y2 =J
45. \Vbich of the fo llowing is correct for any
(h) the x-axis
two complex numbers z1 and z2?
(a) lz1z2I = lz1! lz2I (c) the y-axis
(b) arg (z 1zi) = arg (z 1). arg (z2) (d) the line x + y = 1 [NCERT EnmplarJ
(c) lz1 + z2I = !zd + lz2I SO. lz, + z2I = lzil + lz2I is possible if
(d) tz, + z2I ~ !z1I - lz2l [NCERT E1emplarl
= -1
46. The point represented by the complex
(h) Z2
z,
number 2 - i is rotated about origin through (c) arg(z1) = arg(z2)
an angle ; in the clockwise direction, the
fNCERT Ei:emplarJ
new position of point is: SI. The real value of 8 for which the expression
(a) l -t 2i (b) - 1 - 2i I+ icos8 . .
. rs a real number rs
(C) 2 + i (d) - ] + 2i J- 2,cos 0
INCERT EumplarJ (a) mt + : (b) mt+(-1)":
4 7. Let x, y e R, then x + iy is a non real complex 1t
number if: (c) 2n1t ± (d) none of these 2
4
(a) x = 0 (b) y =0 fNCERT E:xemplarJ
(c) X ;t O (d) y 1: 0 52. The value of arg (x) when x < O is
(~CERT Eumplar) (a) 0 (b) ~
48. If a + ib = c + id, then 2
(c) 1t ( d) none of these
(a) a2 + c2 = 0
(b) b2 + c2 = O fNCERT E1.emplarJ

Assertion-Reasoning 1ype MCQs

Dirtttlon (Q.S3 to Q.57): ra tbe foUo,dng (b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but
•
Question~ .,.. • rtion and Reason have been
th e r-se the Reason is not the correct explanation of
put r.orward . Read the statements carefully and the Assertion.
ernative from the following:
choose the correc t • lt (c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
( ) Both the Assertton
.
and the Reason are correct
a . the correct explanation of (d) The statement of the Assertfon is false but
and the Reason as
the Reason is true.
the Assertion.
~~~~
Mathematics 43
.
' - .

Based on the above informatio~ answer the x2 7 t the reduced

(iv) Solve: =Sx - l toge
folloVwiing: 2
(i) (8 + 7,)(8- 7,) in the form of a+ bi is form as
(a) 5 ± 3i (b) 5 + 3i
(a) 113 + Oi (b) - i- 113
(c) 0 + l 13i (d) -(113 - 0,)
(c) 3 - Si (d) Si± 3

(ii) The form of a + bi of ( 1 - i)4 is (v) Solve: x 2 + 4x + 5 =0 to get the

(a) - 4 (b) 4 reduced form as
(c) 4i (d) - 4i (a) 2 ± i (b) 2 - i
(c) - 2 + i (d) -2 ±;
(iii) lf x=- 5 + 1 - 16,thenthevalueof
x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 - X + 4 is 6. Quadratic equations as,
(a) 160 (b) - 160 ax2 +bx+ c =0 where, a, b, care real nwnbers
(c) l 60i (d) 0 and a~ 0. Roots of this quadratic equation
is same as normal quadratic equation
(iv) The fonn of a + bi of { ~ ~ ~] is
They are given by
(a) 0 + li (b) li - b + ✓--hz___4_a_c
(c) 0 (d) (0 - I,) a =
2a
. 1·1cat1ve
. mverse
. 3 +-
of - 4i
(v) The mu1tip
is 4 - 5i
and p = - b - 1b2 - 4ac
2a
(a) !_ _ ~ (b) - 8 _ 3 li Based on the above information, answer the
25 25 25 25 following:
8 31i (i) If a, Pare roots of the equation
C - +-
() (d) !_ + Oi
25 25 25 x2 - 4x + 2 = 0, then the value of
S. The quadratic equations with complex I I .
coefficients that means the coefficients of -+- JS
the equations are not real numbers they may
a J3
be an imaginary number(,). (a) I (b) 2
Based on the above information, answer the (c) 3 (d) 4
following: (i,) lf a , J3 are the roots of th .
2 e equation
(i) Solve the given quadratic equation ar + bx + c = 0, then
by factorisation method to get the ax2 + bx+ c=
roots : x2 - 5xi - 6 = 0 .
(a) a(x - a)(x _ J3)
(a) 3i, 2i (b) -3i, -2i
(b) a(x + a)(x + J3)
(c) 3i, -2i (d) - 3i, - 2i
(c) a(x - a)(x + J3)
(ii) Solve the quadratic equation by
factorisation method to get the (d) a(x + a)(x _ J3)
roots: x2 + IOxi - 21 = 0 (ii,) For the quadrati .
c C(IUation
(a) Ji, - 1i (b) - 1i, - 1i (k - l'J
JA
= ,_
_. _
l k*1 ·r
1
(c) - 3i, -1i (d) 3i, 7i -3, then k = ' one root is
(iii) Solve: x2i - x + 12i = O (a) ~
(a) 4i, 3i (b) -4i, 3i 2 (b) 1_
4
(c) -Ji, 4i (d) 4i, ; <c> l (d) ~
3
~,~ "!J
1
"-e~f ,m ;r:9 Campetenq Based aad 8'jective type Ouestions-t1 2
 dratic equation
(iv) lfone of thcrooto f3 xi - 7Px+\Op==O (v) For the qua24 = 0 the value of x is
is 5 then the value of p and also the zl-8 x- 2
(a) 6, 2 6
(b) ' -
other root is
6- 2 (d) - 6, 2
(a) p == 2, and the other root is 1
:!e:t al,theorem ofalgebra stat~s that
(b) P == 3, and the other root is 2 8. The fun I umbers is algebra1cally
(c) p = 1, and the other root is 1 the field of comp ex n on-constant
(d) None of these closed . This states that every ~
single-variable polynomial with complex
(v) The sum of the root of equation
coefficients has at least one complex root
1 1 l .
--+-= - 1 s zcro. Based on the above information, answer the
x+ a x+b c
The product of the root is following:
(a2 + bl) bl + a2 (i} The real 2nd degree polynomial Q(x~
(a) 2 (b) 2 with roots z = 3 + 2i and z' = 3 - 21
a+b a3+b3 and with Q(l} = 2 is
(c) 2 (d)
7. Comp lex roots of an equat ion with real
2
(a) ! (b) !
coefficients always occur in pairs. However, (c) ~ (d) i
in case of complex coefficients this may or
(ii) All the roots for polyn omial function
may not be true.
or equation
Based on the above information, answer the 4
x + 2x3 = 13x2 - lOx are
following:
(a) 0, i, l (b) -5, 0, i, 2
(i) For the quadratic equation
(c) 0, 2, 1, - 5 (d) None ofthe se
x1- - 4x + 5 = 0 the value of x is
(iii) All the roots of the equation for xeC,
(a) 2 ± ; (b) 2 + i 2
x - (2 + i)x = 1 - 1i are
(c) - 2 - i (d) 2 - i (a) -1, 3, -i, 2i
(ii) For the quadratic equation (b) 3 + i, l - 2i
3x2 + x + 4 = 0 the value of x is (c) 3 + i, 1 - 2i
1 /"47 . 1 147 . (d) 3 - i, - 1 + 2i
(a) 6 - -6- 1 (b) - 6 - 6 1
(iv) The compl ex roots of the polynomial:
(c) - .!.± /47 i (d) .!.+ /47; x2 + 16 are
6 6 6 6 (a) x = ± 4i (b) x = 4
(ii,) If coefficients are b =- 8, a = 5, (c) X = - 4i (d} 0
c = 5, then x =
(a) .!±l ; (b) 4 -l;
(v) Write /J(.x) = x 4 -Jr -4 as a product
s s of linear factor s and list aU the zeroes .
s s (a) ± 2, 0
cc) - .! ± l; Cd) .! + l; (b) 0
s s s s (c) ± 2, ± ; (d) ± ;
(iv) For the quadratic equation
2 9. The fundamental theorem of Algebra states
x + 4x + 5 = 0 the value of x is
that every polyn omial equation./(x) = O has
(a) 2 + i (b) 2 - ; at least one root, real or imaginary (complex).
(c) - 2 ±; 6 4
(cl) _ 2 _ ; Thus, x - Jx + 2x2 + 2 = 0 has at least one
~iJ~ root.
 Based on the above information, answer the
But /-; + 5 = 0 has no root as the given
following:
equation is not a polynomial equation, so
(i) The value of x and y if
fundamental theorem of algebra does not
(3y- 2) + i(7 - 2x) = 0
apply on this equation.
7 2
Examples (a) x=2,y=3
• /{x) = - 2 is a polynomial of degree o. This 2 2
(b) x = 1,y= 3
is a constant polynomial and it has a zero
_ 7 3
real root. (c) x- 2· Y = 2
Based on the above information, answer the (d) X = I,y = l
following: 7 2
(i) x 2 + 9 = 0, determine the factors as (ii) The value of (1 - i)2 is
(a) i (b) - ;
(a) x =± 3 (b) x = ± 3i
(c) 2i (d) -2i
(c) X = 9i (cl) X = 3, X = 3i

(ii) How many roots exist for the

z
(ii,) If = ( 13 +
2
i)s +( ./3 - .i..)s
2 2 2 '
then

polynomial function
(a) Re(z) > 0 (b) Jm(z) = O
/{x) = (x3 - 3x + 1)2?
(c) lm(z) < 0 (d) Noneofthese
(a) 2 roots (b) 3 roots
(iv) The roots of the equation
(c) 6 roots (d) 9 roots
x2- (3/2 - /2; = o are
2i)x-
(iii) The factors of /{x) = x 4 - 4 using
fundamental theorem of algebra are
(a) (3/2 +4)-(2+fi);
2
(a) 12, - .fi, -.fi i, -13 i (3/2 -4)-(2-.fi.);
(h) .fi, - .fi, .fi i, - .fi; 2
(c) Ii, Iii, - fi i, fi (b) (2./3 +4)-(2+/J);
2 •
(d) ./2, 2, - .fii, .f2i
(iv) The real roots of the polynomial (2/J -4)-(2-.fi.);
fl..x) = x + 4 are 2
(c) ( 3/2 + /J)-(2-fi)i
(a) X =4 (b} x =-4
2 '
(c) X = ./2 (d) x=-14 (312-.fi)-(2+.fi);
(v) The real root of the polynomial 2
fl..x) = x2 + l0x + 25 are (d} (3/2 +6)-(2+/J)i
(a) x =- 5 (b) x =5 2
(c) X = rs (d) X =- rs (3.fi-6)-(2-/2)i
10. The general fonn of quadratic expression in 2
x isfl..x) ==a:<+ bx+ c, where a, b, c elR and (v) lhemunberofsolutionsofthccquation
a~ 0 and general form ofa quadratic equation Im{z2) = 0, l=t = 2 is
ioxisax2+bx+c=O, wherea,b,c eIRand {a) 2 (b) 4
2~~~ (c) 1 (cl) 3

J Competency Based and Objective Type Duestius-11

 ⇒ y ;?:_ O and I - y > 0 or)' ~ 0 and
xi
2. (i) (a),Jlx) = - I -y < 0
l +.i
⇒ y ~ Oand y < I or y 5 0 and .v > I
4 4
(i1) (c), as/{2) = + =
1 4 5 ~
0 1
.. 9 p
(iii) (c), as l + x2 * 0 for x e R. ⇒ 05y < I (asy~ I) or No solution
, :. Range is (0, I).
(iv) (c), as y = X - ., ⇒ x = ± ~ - · I -
1 +x- l -y J. (i) (b), (ii) (b), (iii) (d), (iv) (a), (v) (d)
and y * I. 4. (i) (d), (ii) (c), (iii) (b), (iv) (c), (v) (c)
X'2 ., ,
(v) (a), y= - · - ⇒ y + X-y = X- S. (i) (b), (ii) (d), (iii) (c), (fr) (a), (1i•) (d)
1+x2
6. (i) (d), (ii) (d), (iii) (b), (il1) (a), (1·) (c)
⇒ y = (1 - )'}t2
7. (i) (b), (ii) (a), (iii) (c), (ii,) (c), (•') (a)
y
⇒ x =
y
⇒ --
1- y
~ 0, y *I 8. (i) (b), (ii) (a), (iii) (b), (i1i•) (b), (1i·) (a)

CHAPTER 5: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Multiple Choice Questions
I. (c), as for z1 = a + ib, Re z1 = a, Im z1 = b
For z2 = c + id, Re z2 = c, Im z2 = d
i4n + J _ .4n - 3 -4n - J
The complex numbers are equal if a = c and 6. (d}, as 1 = I""'n • 1-J - I ' I
2 2
b = d.
2. (c), as = ;3_r3
z1 = a + ib, z? = c + id
2
z 1 + z2 = (a + ib) + (c + id)
• I
= a + ib + c + id - , +- 2
; - i +I
= (a + c) + i(b + d) - --2 =- - 21
J. (d), as multiplicative inverse of complex
-_ -l 2i+ l = -iI =-,.
number z = a + ib is a + ; (- b)
1 1
a +b a 2 +b 2 7. (b),Multiplicativeinverscof(4 - 3,)= ~li
SI+ ·- I . (- 1) I (- l )i 4
0 1- - + 1 - - =-+ -
,2 + ,2 ,2 + 12 2 2 =~ =..i.+ 3 .
16 + 9 25 'is'
= .!.(l - /) 8. (a). let z = x + iy. then z= x + ,:v =x- iY
2
4. (a), standard fonn of complex number : .(z + 3) (z + 3)= (x + iy + 3)(.r - ,, + J)
- Ji+ 6 is 6 - 3; = (:r + 3}2 - fof = (.r + 3J2 + yz
:. Re(6 - 3i) = 6 and lm(6 - Ji) = - 3.
=Ix + 3 + iy j2 =lz+3 12

11 o -,.,etAff ..-• Competency Based and Objective Type Ouestians-n

..., l
_ :,.._ -.,.
 9. th\. !.tm:e: is a complex number ~ 1<9 + 11> /(9 + -t~>/c9 + 9°2) .....
\i \= lz · : I = ,: I lzl =Jzf /( 9 + n 2) = j .r~ + y1
10. (h), as 7i - 3 = -3 + 7i = - 3 - 7i. .1.e. I0. 13.18 ..... (9 -r '
n·) =.. --' + y·'
II. (d). as \3 + 6i\ = Joy+( 6't = / 9+36 19. (a),as - i-15=0 - J5i =O+J5i = lsi

=✓
45 = 3-/5 . 20. (a). as ,6 -il = /¼+t = m
(a), Lei z = (J - 12d = I -r 2i -
2
21. 2 /i;
12. (d), since a + ib :: c + id
- - 1 - 2/1;
⇒ \a + ib \ = \c + id l
z = - 1 2 ✓-2i =- 1 + 212i
⇒
22. (<-). as : = (- 1. 5). i.e. - I ... Si
On squaring both sides, we get
: - I + Si = - I - Si or (- I . 5)
a2+li =c2 +cr
23. (a>. ~ , 111 2P• 6 ,,1,i; . ; 2 c,..:,, , . ; ➔ 6
13. (a), as \3i l=1 0 + 3i l = / o +3~
2
= 10+9 -: (- 1i'.I 2( 1)1) / • 6
= 19 = 3 = - I • 21 - 6 • 6 + I

14. (c). as ;3 - 4 = - i - 4 = - 4 - ; 2~. (h). as (x y + 7 ) • (2 - x), = J - 61

- 4 - i =- 4 ~; r y - 1 "" 3. :! ,r = 6
X = ~. .l .., 0.
k). as :<- 5LY - 6 = 0 25. lh) 26. (d) 27. (t·) 28. (I,)
.r1 - 3ix - 2ix - 6 =0
29. (<_) 30. (II) JI. (ti)
x(.,· - 3i) - 2i(x - 31) = 0
,r
32. (h ,. =+ (-=) :; o. then ( => t ) uJlcd aJd1II\ C

(X - 3i) (X - 2i,=0 rn, er..~ of:.

i => .T - 3i = 0 or t 21 = O 33. (< ). : 1 u • ,h JnJ : : - , • 1J

I => :,:: (tJ • ,h) (t· ~ ,J)
x = 3, or x - 21
, / 16. Cc). as 1= 1: 11 = l=tll:-11 U C • 1cuJ t- 11>.._ • ,:l>.J
M ) • /( "'" • , .. , ( . ,.
I 17. (b!. aswc know conjugate number is lhc Lmagc ( Ill

o t t he complci< number about the x•al\i:..

3-4. Id). kt : ' • II
(J
( So. if the complex hes in lhe third quadranl
then its conjugate lies'" the second quadrant. . .
=:> t ' - ., · - j,n • , : • ,;
0
0
18. (a).
:::> .::.,= - ~ "' 0
since (3 - i )(3 ..- "'i
- )(J _ 31) .... ()-n,) .::.r1 t • l .l J• 0
= \ ,. 1,1"
(I) • • Ot1r.r•tJ • O
thcn \(3 - i\(3 - 2,)(3 - 3,) ,~
. . . . . .l ~ Ill) I not pon,blc ~inc~: ,_ 01
So • - 0
= (.1 - 1))
IC . I ) - I 3 ..- 11 \ J • 31 Since: • = o Mk.I : • o So •. a.n h.a-.c my~,
•• 1 3 ... '" I
~ i .r..,. I.\ I \ a Iuc:
- 111 I llcncc:. lo.finny rtlM!y ~ luuons.

lbtlieaatics 111

2021/ 12/ 0611:56

 35 . (d), l + ;-~ + ,~ + 1,6 + ... .:?,i
+' 39. (d). ! + 1=21 = o. z * 0
= l - 1 + l - l + ... (-
1)" ⇒ x2 - I + 2ixy + x2 +I
which can not be evaluated = o
unless n is
known. ⇒ 2,x2
+ 2ixy = 0 ⇒ 2x(x + iy) 0 IC

36. (c), as \z + ll = \ ⇒ (x ⇒ x = Oor x + iy = 0 (no

+ \) + iy = 1 t possible)
⇒ (.t+ 1) 2+ /= l
Therefore, x = 0 and z ~ 0
which is a circle with centre
(- 1, 0) and So y can have any real vaJue
radius \. .
3'7 . (c) , Le \ z = x + iy. Hence infinitely many solut
Th en - i: = y - ix. ions.
: . z + i: = (x - y) + i(x
+ y) 40 . (d)
Required area of the triang
41 . (c) 42. (b) 43. (b )
le
44. (a) 4S. (a) 46. (b) 47. (d)
1 2
= -2 (r1 + /)
lz
=- 21
. 48. (cl) 49 . (b) SO. (c) 51. (c)
38. (a) 52 . (c)

Assertion-Reasoning
S3 . (a}, Bo th the As ser1io
n an d the Reaso n are
corre ct an d the Re aso
n is the co rre ct
explanation of the As ser
tio n.
s.i . (b), Th e As ser tio
n an d the Re aso n a re
co rrect but the Re aso n is
not the co rrect
explan ati on of the As ser
tio n.
Case-Based MCQs
1. (i) (b), Since real par
t ofcomple x nu mb eris
zero. So , it is plone d on
imaginary
ax is i.e., y-axis.
6i is po int on y-axis.
(ii) (a) , Th e plain having
a co mplex number
assigned to eac h ofi ts po
ints is called
the co mp lex pla ne or
the Arga nd
pla ne. Wh en (x + y i) is
plotted in
Argand pla ne, x-axis is
real axis.
(ii,) (b), Th e plane having
a comple x number
assigned to each ofi ts po
int is called
the comple x plane or arg
and plane,
when (:c + iy) is plotted
in argand
plane y-axis is imaginar
y axis.
(fr} (a). Sin ce im ag ina
ry pa rt of co mp lex
112 ?. ,rd ,,. __ - Compete
ncy Based and Objectivl Type Ouest
Type M CQ s
55. (cl), Th e s tat em en t of
the As ser tio n is false
bu t the Re aso n is tru e.
56. (c}, As ser tio n is tru e
bu t the Reaso n is false.
57. (b}, Th e As se rti on
an d the Re as on are
co rre ct bu t the Re aso n
is no t the co rre ct
ex pla na tio n o f the As ser
tio n.
nu mb er is zero. So . its
is plotted on
real ax is i.e., x-a xis.
2 + iO is po int on x-a xis.
(,1) (b), Co nju ga te co mp lex
numbcn means
tha t pa rt is sa me and im
asinary
pa rt is inv ert ed i.e. sam
e x part IINI
op po sit e im ag ina ,y part.
So. cbe
mirror im age on real axis i.e. )' •
x-ais-
2. (t) (c}, ;H = 1<4 • 9 • 1 •
(i'' )'·i.J
= l ·i2 = 1·(- 1) .. -l
(ii) (b}, l!_ · .f ii .; - S·l
4
• lf i
= l!. -;- 4/ J - S·/ ·l /j
4
= (21 - IS)·i· /J • 6/ jl
im-11

2021 / 12/ 06 11:58

 ;592 + ;590 + ;588 + ;586 + ;584 Now for value ofy, take
(iii) (c).
-5&2 + 1•580
l
+ l,578 + I,576 + l.574
X = +2 x=-2
= ; 584 ( ;8 + ;6 + ;4 + ;2 + l) 2x-y= 2y-5 2x + 5 = Jy
;574 (;8 + ;6 + ;4 + ;2 + 1) 2x+5 = 3y -4 + 5 = Jy
,584 4 + 5 = 3y y = .!
- l _ ·IO 4 4 .2 }
- -
.574
-1 = l ·z ' I =- y=3 3
I

Hence, x and y can be = (2, 3) or

(iv) (a), I
(-2, 3)
= [(i2- ;25)]3= [(- 1- ;24,;)]3 =(-1 ·-,)3 (iii) (a), ✓-18 . /:i = i· m ·;fi
= (-1)3(1 + ;)3 =-[l + 3i + 3;2 + ;3] = ✓ J8 X 2 ·/2
= -{l + 3i - 3 - i) = -{-2 + 21) = 6(-1) = -6
= 2-2i
(v) (a), x = 3 + 2i
(iv) (a),
/¥+~-~
⇒x- 3 = 2i
On squaring both sides, we get
= 4.f;; + 2rx1- ./;; _ s.f;,
x2-6x+9=-4 8 8
⇒ x2 - 6x + 13 = 0 ...(i) 5 , .
= gv' XI
So,f(x) = x 4 - 4x3 + 4x2 +Bx+ 44
2 (v) (c), (x + I + i)(x + J - i)(x - I + i)
=x2(x2- 6x+ 13) + 2x(x -6x+ 13)
(x - I - I)
+ 3(x2- 6x + 13) + 5
= .c(O) + 2x(O) + 3(0) + 5
= {(x+ 1)2 -;2}{(x- J)2 - ; 2J
=0+0+0+5=5
= (x2 + 2 + 2x)(x2 + 2 -2x)
= x 4 + ix2 - .2x3 + i.x2 + 4 - 4x
3. (i) (b), (l + ,)200 = [(l + ;)2)1C'°
+ 2x3 + 4x - 4x2
=(12+;2+2 X l X i)IOO

= (\ _ 1 + 2i)IOO = 2100,;IOO = x' + 4 + ixJ + 2x2 - 4 = x 4 + 4

2
= 2•ooct')2s = 2100 4. (i) (a), (8 + 71)(8 - 71) = 8 - (7i)2
X + iy = 2 100 + Oi = 64 -49i
Therefore, x = 2 100 and y = 0
4
(i1) (a). (x - 3x2) + (h-y)i = 4 + (2y- S)i
x4 - 3.x-1 = 4 ::::> x 4 - 3.x2 - 4 =O = 113 + Oi
{.x-1 - 4)(.x-1 + I)= 0 (ii) (a). ((l -i) f = (l -
2 2
2i + ;2)2
••• (x-1 + l) can't be :zero so ..x2 - 4 =O = (l - 2j - J)2•
{GIJJ- "= ±2 = 4;2 = 4 x (-1)
 5;+/25; 2 _ 4 x I x (-6)
{iii) lb), x =-5 + /=-i6 a= 2
+ 5 = 4i ~ (X + 5)2 = - 16
X
5i+ ✓-25 +24
=
⇒ x1 + 25 + lOx = - 16 2
i + lOx + 41 = 0 5i + i _ 3,·
. ⇒ ...(,) a= -
2
Now, .x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 - x + 4 - (-5i) - l(-5i) 2- 4 x l x (-6)
= x2(i+ l0x + 4l) - x(x2+ l0x + 41) p= 2xJ
+ 4(i + 1Ox + 41 ) - 160 j 25i2 + 24
Si -
=------
= (_r2 X Q ) - (X X Q) + (4 X Q) - 160 2
= - \ 60 [using {i)] = Si - i = 2;
2
l + i -l + i
l +i = -
(i\•)(a). - X
1- i 1- i l + i So the roots of the given equation
., are 3i and 2i
(l + ,·\2
, \ + 2; + ;-
= - - = --- (ii) (c), Here a= J, b = JOi(complex nwnbt.-r)
Il - ;2 I+I
and c =- 21
_ I + 2i - 1 _ . _ O + I .
- 2 - ,- ' Let a and f3 be the roots of the
equation
(,•) (b), Multiplicative inverse of
2
3 + 4i 4 - Si a = - b + / b - 4ac
4+51= 3+41 2a
= (4 - 5i)(3 - 4,) and p= - b - I h2 - 4ac
(3 + 4i)(3 - 4i) 2a
2
= 12 - l 6i - l 5i + 20i2 a = - I Oi + / ( I Oi) - 4 x J x (-2 J)
9- 16;2 2xI
= 12 - 3 I; - 20 - 8 _ 31; = - IOi + /I00i2 + 84
9 + 16 25 2
8 31; _ - 10i+4i
-- --is - 25 - - - ~ =- J;
2
S. (i) (a), Herc a = J h = _ 5 1. (
' complex P= - IOi-/CJo i} 2 -4xJ>c( - 21)
number) and c = _ 6 2 )( J

a = ::. b + / b - 4ac
2 = -IOi - /100;2 +24
2a 2

and p =<:. b - / h2 - 4a-;

= -IOi - r-R; _ -10; -4i
2 - 2
2a =-1;
{Let a and f} be th So. the roots or lhe given cquaf
e roots} are - 3; and -7; ion
114 ,.,~__ . C
DIIPetency Base~ IQ Objectivl 'Ji n..._ .
• 0 • YPt ~ti•ns-- n
ti:1) \1'). I kn: ti =;{cl1mpkx mm,tx•r). b -= - I
( r) (d), x: + •h + 5 = 0
anJ c = l '2.i {compkx numba)
- h± /b.! - 4uc
Let u and ~' be th~ roots llf the X=
~cl
cquati011 th~n
- 4 ± / 4~- 4 ( I )(5)
- b + ✓ h.! - ➔,IC x=
n=------
:!,, l
- 4 ± 1 16 - :!O
- l- 1) + / 1.! - -4 x ;, ( I .:!i)
= .,
u =
,,.
- 4±/:i°
= - 4,± '1i
- I
x=
l +l t + -4S
. -- -
== - -..,_,-
1 +7
_,1 ·
1
-
.r =- 2 ±i
4
6. (i) (h), I I a+p
-+-=-
i a fl a+p
r
, = - 4i (after rationalisation)
'

' and

l3 =
- b_ j b2 -
1a
4c1c
(ii ) (a). Since. a and
cquar ion
p arc! roots of the

ax1 + /,\· + c =0
2
- (- I )- / I - 4 x i x ( I 2i) h C
13 = 2x; a + P= --.
(1
af3 = -
l1

l - / 1 + 48 _ I - 7 Now, ax1 + br + c
=
3
2i - 2i
r
.,
= a x·+ -h x+- cl
= -_I = 3; (after rationalisation) " a

2
(iv) (a), ~ = Sx - 17
2
= u[.r 1 - (a + IHr + aflJ
Let a = 1. b =- 10, c = 34
= u(., - a )( , - P)
So,
(iii) (c). Since _ J is a mot of the g1\ren
- (- 10) ± / (- 10) 2 - 4 ( I )(34) cquauon, it must sausfy I.he cqu.won
.t=
2 ( 1)
: . ( k - I )( - 3 ).! - .4:( - J) + I ., O
10 ± ✓ 1 00 - 136
= ⇒ 9t - 9 + JA + J = 0
2
1:?4 =8
= IO ± ✓
-3h = IO ± 6i
, 2 I~ =8
 .
⇒ k= -
8 = ab-( a + b)c
12 a+h
2 = ab - (a + b). - -
~ k= - 2
3
(fr) th), Let the roots be a and 5 2ah-( a+h) 2

(-1p)
2
1p
Thcn a+S= - - - = - (a2+ h2)
3 3 -
lOp . 2p 2
and a x 5 = - -, i.e. a =
3 3 7. (,) (a), x2 - 4x + 5 = 0
2p ?p
⇒ - +S =- Here, a = J, b = - 4, c = 5
3 3
⇒ 2p + 15 = ?p
x=
- h± lb2 -4ac
2a
⇒ -Sp = - 15
⇒ p=3 =
2x I
2
a = -x-
3
=2 x=
4 ± / I 6 - 20 4 ± l=i
3 -
2 2
Hence , p = 3, and the other root
is 2. X = 4 ± 2i = 2 ± i
2
( l'} (a}, The given equation is
(ii) (c), Jx2 + X + 4 = 0
I
-- + -1- =-
l Here, a = 3, b = I, c = 4
x+a :c+b c
x+b+ x+a
⇒ ---- =-
l x =- b± lh -
- -- - 4ac
-
2

(x+a) (x+ b) c 2a
⇒ (x + a )(x + b) = c(2x + a + b)
=
-J± /1 2
4(3)(4 )
-

⇒ x2 +(a + b)x + ab - 2cx - ca - be 2 x3

-1 ± ✓1 - 48
=O x= - - - - = - I ± .,r::;;:;
6 6
⇒ x2 + (a + b - 2c)x + x =- l±r.: :;:;
6 6
(ab - be - ca) =0
=- I /47
Sum of roots = 0 (given) --± -/
6 6
⇒ -( a + b - 2c) =0 -<-8> ± ✓c- 8) 2 - 4C5)cs,
1 (iii) (a), x=
2(5)
a+b
⇒ a+b-2c=0 ⇒ c = --
2 = 8± ✓64 - 100 = 8±/:3 6
10 10
Product of roots = ab-be - ca
1 = 8 ± 6; = .i ± l;
10 5 S

116 "#,-.. ,__. c,m,etency Based and D~ectm lJIII OaatillS-l1

 • ·) (C') Hc:rc a = •✓
(I\ ., _ c = 5
- -t and
b_-_
' b· - 4ac r.r:2-ur__- 10
- b±
x = x - l Jx3 + 2t-2 =-i3x + Io{
2a:.---- x3-x2
-(·0 ± /(-t) 2
- 4(1)(5) ..::; +
= 2(1) 3x2 - 13x + 10
_3x
2
+ 3x
- 4±/16 -20 _- 4± ✓-4
X = 2 2 - 10.x + 10
- l 0x + 10
•. = -4 ± 2; = - 2 ±; + -
.• 2 X

(,·) (b), Here, a = 2. h = -8. c = - 24 So, x(x3 + 2.x2 - 13x + 10) = 0

- b ± j b 2 -4dc
x= 2a _ _ _ __ ⇒ x(x - I )(x2 + 3x - 10) = 0

-(-8) ± /(-8) 2 -4(2)(-24) ⇒ x(x - I )(x + 5)(x - 2) = 0

x=
2(2)
⇒ X = 0, 1, 2, -5.
8±/64-(-192)
x= (iii) (d), D= {-(2+,)} 2 -4x}x{-{1-7,)}
4

= 8±1256 = (4 - I + 4i) + 4(1 - 71)

4
x= 8±16 =2±4
= 3 + 4i + 4 - 28i = 7 - 24i
4
X = 6, - 2
ro = 11-24;
= ✓,-c4-)-
2 -+-(3-,)-2___2_x_4_x_3_i
8. (1) (a), Let k be the degree of polynomial
Q(x).
= /(4-3i) 2 =±(4-31)
Q(x) = .l'(x - z)(k - z') (2 + i) ± (4- 3i)
x=
= .l'(x - 3 - 2i)(x - 3 + 2i) 2
= k(x2 - 6x + 13) - 2 + i + 4 - 3i 2 + i - 4 + 3i
Since Q{l) = !t.'(x2- 6x + 13) 2 ' 2
2 =3- i, - I + 2i.
k{(1) - 6(1) + 13] = 2
(iv) (a), Rewrite as a difference of squares
Hence 8k = 2 ⇒ k = l with i
4
4
(il) (c), x + 2x3 = 13x2 - lOx 2
x + 16 = x2 - 16;2
⇒ x +2x3 - 13x2+ 10x=O
4
= x2-(4i)2
⇒ x(x3 + 2x2-13x+ 10) = 0
For x =J = (x + 41)(x - 41)

x3 + 2x2- I3x + 10 ... x=±4i

3
= (1) :+- 2 >< (1>2- 13 x I + 10 (v) (c), Let x2 = a
= I + 2 - 13 + 10 == o
So, x 4 - J_~ - 4 = 0
Here, (x - 1) is a factor of
[ ·: x2 + 1 = 0, x2 = - 1,
x3+2x2-tJx+ 10

x~ n =±i]
 a2 -3 a- 4 = 0 Fo r roo ts
2
⇒ (a - 4)( a + I)= 0 (x + 5) == O
⇒ (x2 - 2
4)( x + I ) ""' 0 ⇒ x +S=O
2
4)(.xl - i2) = 0 ⇒ x =- 5
⇒ (x -
- 2x) =
⇒ (x - 2)(x + 2)(x + i) (x - i) = 0 10. (,) {a), Given, (3y - 2) + i(7 0

:. roo ts are ± 2, ± i
Compare real and imaginary Parts '
we get
(b), x + 9 = 0
2
9. (i) 3y - 2 == 0
⇒ x =-9
2

⇒ y= l3
⇒ x = 1- 9 \
I and, 7 - 2.x = 0
⇒ x=± 3i
fun dam ent al ⇒ x=22
(i1) (b), Ac co rdi ng to the
· theorem ofalgebra there are as much So, the values are x = 2 and y = l3
2
as zeroes dep ends on the degree
(ii) (d), Given, (I - ,)2= I + ;2 -
e 2;
of polynomial, bu t there are som
exceptions. = l + (-1 )- 2i
= x4 - 4
(ii,) (h), j{x ) =- 2i
x
Here, n = 4, so we have 4 comple (ii,) (b), Let z 1 = (
/j + ; )
roots. 2 2

⇒
.f(x ) = x4 - 4
= (x2 - 2)(x2 + 2)
and z 2 = ( 1-~)
23+ 2;)
= (1
2

=> x2 - 2 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
2 2
(z1)
x = 2 or x2 = - 2
2
=> 3 I /j;
= - - - +2-
=> x = ± 12 or x = ± Ii i 4 4
I
' I /j ;
I
We have a f~cfor ed the polynomial = 2 +- 2-
\

into four linear factors and the zeroes = (zi)2 x z1

; (z. )3
of/{x) are fi. , -.f i, ./i;, - /i
({v) (b), Given,/(x) = x + 4 '
,
I,
.f(x)=x+4isapolynomialofdegree
= .f3 + .!_ + 3; _ /3 = ;
and it has on e real roo t 4 4 4 4
.f{x) = X + 4

x+ 4~ o \ (z,J'= (z,J' x(z,f=; x( ; + 1)

... X =- 4 ',,
13
' , = ;-T
(v) (a), Given, /(x ) = x2 + I Ox+ 2S 2
2- ( /J i )2
/(x ) = _x2 + 2 • S • X + (5)2
, (zi) - 2 - 2
/{x) = (x+ s)2

'
\
118 ~e tu s __ . Competncy Basu an~ Objective Type Olestions-n
 ~ 1) 2 I( /2
2 1) 2 2 >' 4 Yvr.:2/
/c4 - ri 1>2 .t (4 - 12i)
X Q 12 - 2/} .J: (4 - Ii" i)

I 2
... (312 + 4) - (2+ 12)/
2
(3 ,f2 - 4 ) - (2 - ri..);
2
(,•) (h), Lct z = x + iy
Then, z2 = x7- + 2ixy _ y2
nnll real (z2) =x1 - y2 = 0 ...(i)
and lzl = / x2 +y2
,____..:..._lzl = 2
/ x2 + y2 = 2 (. ')
2 2 ••• "
⇒ X+ y =4 ••• (''')
Ill

Solving(,) and (iii), we getx = ± ./i

and ,y = ±Ii
It has 4 solutions
CHAPTER 9: Sequences and Series ·
Multiple Choice Questions
2. (c) ⇒ 4d = - 24
1. (b)
2 ⇒ d =-6
3. (d), given Sn = 3n + 211
6. (a), for series 3 + 7 + 11 + ...
1st term of the series Common difference= 7 - 3 = 11 - 7 = 4
2
a 1 = S1 = 3 x I + 2 x t
For series I + 6 + 11 + ...
= 3+2 = 5
Common difference= 6 - 1 = 11 - 6 = 5
Second term of the series LCM of 4 and 5 = 20
a2 = S2 - S 1
First common term is 11 .
= J X 2 + 2 X 22 - ( 5)
So, we have to find 10th term of the series
=6+8- 5=9 whose first tenn is 11 and common difference
Common difference is 20.
d= a 2 - a 1 = 9 - 5 = 4 a = 11 + (1O- 1) x 20 = I91
10
4. (a), AP is 3, -1, -5, -9, ...... 1. (a), let the numbers be a and band A,, A2,
Here a= 3, d = - 1 - 3 = - 4 A , ... A,, be n arithmetic means between a
3
:. Next tenn is - 9 - 4 = - 13 and b.
A b are in AP.
S. (c). as= a + (S - l)d = a + 4d So a, A 1, A2, A3, ··• "'

:. -20= 4 + 4d Matbe11atics 119