6th STD SOCIAL SCIENCE

UNIT-3 INDUS CIVILISATION

IMPORTANT POINTS FOR TNPSC GROUP 4

GROUP --------------COMMUNITY------------SOCIETY------------CIVILIZATION

 ANCIENT OLD CIVILIZATION

1.MESOPOTAMIAN-3500 TO 2000BC (BCE)

2.INDUS CIVILIZATION-3300 TO 1900 BC (BCE) MICE SHORTCUT

3.CHINESE- 1700 TO 1122 BC (BCE)

4. EGYPTIAN-3100 TO 1100 BC (BCE)

 PEOPLE SETTLE NEAR RIVERS FOR THE RESONS

THE SOIL IS FERTILE

FRESH WATER

IRRIGATION

 HARAPPA WERE FIRST DESCRIBED BY THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY SOLDIER AND
EXPLORER CHARLES MASSON IN HIS BOOK .WHEN HE VISITED THE NORTH-WEST FRONTIER
PROVINCE WHICH IS NOW IN PAKISTAN ACROSS SOME MYSTERIOUS BRICK MOUNDS

 IN 1856 RAILWAY LINE (LAHORE TO KARACHI)

 1920 (EXCAVATE THE CITIES OF HARAPPA AND MOHENJODARO)

 1924 THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF ASI, SIR JOHN MARSHALL

 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ASI) WAS STARTED IN 1861 WITH ALEXANDER
CUNNINGHAM AS SURVEYOR .ITS HEADQUATERS IS LOCATED IN NEW DELHI

 HOW DO ARCHAELOGISTS EXPLORE A LOST CITY?

1.ANCIENT LITERARY
2.AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
3.RADAR
4.MAGNETIC SCANNER
5.REMOTE SENSING METHODS
 TIME SPAN OF INDUS CIVILIZATION
GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: SOUTH ASIA
PERIOD:BRONZE AGE
TIME:3300 TO 1900 BC (BCE)
AREA:13 LAKH Sq.KM
CITIES: 6 BIG CITIES
VILLAGES: MORE THAN 200

 MEHERGARH IS A NEOLITHIC SITE.IT IS LOCATED NEAR THE BOLAN BASIN BALOCHISTAN IN

PAKISTAN.
STREETS AND HOUSES

 THE STREETS ARE OBSERVED TO HAVE A GRID PATTERN

 THE ROADS WERE WIDE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS.
 HOUSE WERE BUILT ON BOTH SIDES OF THE STREET

DRAINAGE SYSTEM

 EACH DRAIN HAD A GENTLE SLOPE SO THAT WATER COULD FLOW

 FILTER SYSTEM

THE GREAT BATH (MOHENJO-DARO)

 THE GREAT BATH WAS LARGE, RECTANGULAR TANK IN A COURTYARD

THE ASSEMBLY HALL

 (20 PILLARS IN 4 ROWS TO SUPPORT THE ROOF)

THE GREAT GRANARY (HARAPPA)

 GRANARIES WERE USED TO STORE FOOD GRAIN

 A GRANARY WITH WALLS MADE OF MUD BRICKS,WHICH ARE STILL IN A GOOD
CONDITION,IT HAS BEEN DISCOVERED IN RAKHIGARHI,A VILLAGE IN HARYANA BELONGING
TO MATURE HARAPPAN PHASE.

TRADE AND TRANSPORT

 HARAPPANS WERE GREAT TRADERS

DOCKYARD AT LOTHAL

 LOTHAL IS SITUATED ON THE BANKS OF A TRIBUTARY OF SABARMATHI RIVER IN GUJARAT.

DO YOU KNOW?

 COPPER WAS THE FIRST METAL DISCOVERED AND USED BY HUMANS

 HORSE AND IRON WERE UNKNOWN TO THE PEOPLE OF INDUS
 INDUS PEOPLE USED THE RED QUARTZ STONE CALLED CARNELIAN TO DESIGN JEWELLERY
 THE EARLIEST FORM OF WRITING WAS DEVELOPED BY SUMERIANS
 ARCHAELOGICAL SITE AT MOHENJO-DARO HAS BEEN DECLARED AS A WORLD HERITAGE SITE
BY UNESCO