TT 4113

Cellular Communication Systems

Modul 11 GSM & GPRS Standard

Faculty of Electrical and Communication

Institut Teknologi Telkom
Bandung – 2010
1
2 Development of GSM Standard
3 History of GSM
1st & 2nd Generations
 2nd Generation Standards
4
 GSM Derivatives
5
6 Spectrum for major mobile standards
 GSM Phases
7
 GSM Phase 2+ Features
8
9 GSM Coverage worldwide
10 GSM Variants

U = Uplink
D = Downlink

 GSM900 at 900 MHz

– 125 carriers @ 2x25 MHz band
 GSM1800 at 1800 MHz (DCS1800)
– 375 carriers @ 2x75 MHz band
 GSM1900 at 1900 MHz (PCS1900)
– 300 carriers @ 2x60 MHz band
11

GSM Frequency Band

12 GSM System Specification
13 Technical Specification
IS - 136 IS - 136* IS - 95 GSM IDEN
Base Tx 869 - 894 851 - 866 869 - 894 925 - 960 851 - 866
(MHz)
Base Rx 824 - 849 801 - 821 869 - 894 880 - 915 8806 - 821
(MHz)
Multiple TDMA / TDMA CDMA / TDMA / TDMA
Access FDMA FDMA FDMA
Methode
Modulation Pi/4DPSK Pi/4DPSK QPSK 0,3 GMSK 16QAM
Radio 30 kHz 30 kHz 1,25 MHz 200 kHz 25 kHz
Channel
Spacing
Users/Channel 3 3 64 8 3/6
Number 832 600 9 (A) 124 600
Channel 10 (B)
CODEC ACELP/ ACELP CELP RELP-LTP/ -
VCELP ACELP
Spectrum 50 MHz 30 MHz 50 MHz 50 MHz 30 MHz
Allocation
14 Technical Specification

IS - 136 IS -95 DCS1800 DCS1900 IS-661

( GSM ) ( GSM )
Base Tx 1930 - 1990 1930 - 1990 1805 -1880 1930 - 1990 1930 - 1990
(MHz)
Base Rx 1850 - 1910 1850 - 1910 1710 - 1785 1850 - 1910 1850 - 1910
(MHz)
Multiple TDMA / CDMA / TDMA / TDMA / TDD
Aceess FDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA
Methode
Modulation Pi/4DPSK QPSK 0,3 GMSK 0,3 GMSK QPSK
Radio 30 kHz 1,25 MHz 200 kHz 200 kHz 5 MHz
Channel
Spacing
Users/Channel 3 64 8 8 64
Number 166/332/498 4 - 12 325 25/50/75 2-6
Channels
CODEC ACELP / CELP RELP-LTP/ RELP-LTP/ CELP
VCELP ACELP ACELP
Spectrum 10/20/ 10/20/ 150 MHz 10/20/ 10/20/
Allocation 30 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz 30 MHz
15
 Basic GSM Network Structure
16
SS
AUC

PLMN

ISDN HLR
SMSC
BGW
GWMSC
GMSC
PSTN
DTI EIR

AUC: Authentication Center

MSC/VLR
BGW: Billing GateWay
BSC: Base Station Controller
BSS: Base Station Subsystem
BTS: Base Transceiver Station
DTI: Data Transmission Interworking
BSS
BSS
EIR: Equipment Identity Register
GMSC: Gateway MSC
HLR: Home Location Register
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
BSC/TRC
MS: Mobile Station
MSC: Mobile services Switching Center Air I/f
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephony Network
SMSC: Short Message Service Center
SS: Switching Subsystem
TRC: Transcoder Resources Controller BTS
VLR: Visitor Location Register MS
17 Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)

Administers its Base Station Controller(s) BSC(s).

Call setup, routing & supervision for mobile subscribers.
Contributes to the short messages transfer to/from mobile
subscribers.
Basic GSM Network Structure
Records charging and accounting data.
 Basic GSM Network Structure
18

Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center (GMSC)

Interface towards other networks for mobile terminated calls.

Interrogation of the HLR to retrieve location information of the

called subscriber.
 19 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Basic GSM Network Structure
Temporarily stores subscriber profiles for all registered mobile subscribers who are
currently visiting the MSC/VLR service area.
Performs the security functions: authentication, IMEI check and TMSI allocation.
 20 Home Location Register (HLR)
Basic subscriber categories.
Supplementary services.
Database storing for each mobile subscriber: Current location.
Allowed/barred services.
Authentication triplets.
Communication with other network elements like GMSC, VLR and
SMSC for mobile terminated calls, short messages.
 21 AUthentication Center (AUC)

Database connected to the HLR that stores authentication parameters (triplets) and
ciphering keys for mobile subscribers.
 22 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Database that validates Mobile Equipments usage. It contains White list for normal
handsets, Gray list for faulty or non-type approved handsets & Black list for stolen
handsets.
 23 Base Station Controller (BSC)

Manages the Radio Communication with the mobile stations over the air interface.

Controls the locating algorithm and handovers between the BTSs

Supervises the transport network resources and the operation & maintenance of each
BTS
 24 Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Consists of the radio transmitters, receivers and the antenna system required to provide
the coverage area for one cell.
Converts the GSM radio signals into a format that can be recognized by the BSC.
Records and passes to the BSC the periodic power measurement reports.
Performs the network end function for the ciphering/encryption process.
 Basic GSM Network Structure
25

Mobile Station (MS)

= +
The Mobile Equipment is said to be a Mobile Station if the Subscriber
Identity Module ( SIM Card ) is added to it

The SIM Card contains:

A processor and memory.

that stores:
- The international mobile subscriber Identity
IMSI
- The Authentication and ciphering keys.
26
27 Mobile Equipment
28 SIM
29 SIM Card Function
 Radio Coverage
30

Spectrum Allocation (GSM 900)

Downlink 935 – 960 MHz

Uplink 890 – 915 MHz

200 KHz
890.2 890.6 Uplink
1 2 3 4 121
121 122 123 124

890 890.4 915 F (MHz)

935.2 935.6 Downlink

1 2 3 4 121
121 122 123 124

935 935.4 960 F (MHz)

GSM 900 Frequency Allocation

ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

 Radio Coverage
31

Spectrum Allocation (GSM 1800)

Downlink 1805 – 1880 MHz

Uplink 1710 – 1785 MHz

200 KHz
1710.2 1710.6 Uplink
1 2 3 4 371 372 373 374

1710 1710.4 1785 F (MHz)

1805.2 1805.6 Downlink

1 2 3 4 371 372 373 374

1805 1805.4 1880 F (MHz)

GSM 1800 Frequency Allocation
32 GSM Network Architecture
 Which related to the security system

• IMSI : International Mobile Subscriber Identity

• TMSI : Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
• MSRN : Mobile Station Roaming Number
• MSISDN : Mobile Station ISDN
• LAI : Local Area Identity
• Ki : authentication key
• Kc : ciphering key
• SRES : Signed Response
• RAND : random number
33 Data Service in GSM
34 GPRS

 Efisien menggunakan radio resources

 A flexible service , with volume-based (or session
duration-based) billing
 Fast set-up /access time
 Efficient transport of packets in the GSM network
 Simultaneous GSM and GPRS ,co-existence
disturbance
35 GPRS Componen

 SGSN ( Serving GPRS Support Node )

 GGSN ( Gateway GPRS Support Node )
36 GSM vs GPRS
37
38 Basic GPRS Network Structur

BSC SGSN GGSN

Gb Gn Gi
P
C
PDN
BTS U

Gc
BTS Gf Gr

Gs
MS G
R MSC DATABASE
D
EIR&AUC HLR
VLR

RAN NETWORK CORE NETWORK

SGSN Serving GPRS Suport Node

User Data and Signalling
GGSN GatewayGPRS Support Node
PDN Public Data Network Signalling
39 PCU
40 GPRS Attach & Detach

MS Switch On

MS Attach to Network

Exchange of information
MS Network
e.g. MS ID, User profile, QoS, etc.

Network (i.e. SGSN)

Check MS ID, Author. & AuC, Assign P-TMSI, etc.

MS on Service

Finish
41

GPRS Attach & Detach

 Type of attach:
– Attach after switch on
– Re-attach in the same SGSN
– Re-attach in a new SGSN
– Attach when SGSN has deleted the context
 Content of GPRS attach:
– Active service request
– Check of MS ID
– Check of subscriber ID
– Copies of user profile from HLR
– Assign of P-TMSI
42
43 GPRS Attach
44 GPRS Attach Procedure
MS BSS New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN EIR New HLR Old
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR
1. Attach Request
2. Identification Request

2. Identification Response
3. Identify Request

3. Identify Response

4. Authentication

5. IMEI Check

6a. Update Location

6b. Cancel Location

6c. Cancel Location Ack

6d. Insert Subscriber Data

6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack

6f. Update Location Ack

7a. Location Updating Ack

7b. Update Location
7c. Cancel Location

7d. Cancel Location Ack

7e. Insert Subscriber Data

7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack

7g. Update Location Ack

7h. Location Updating Accept
8. Attach Accept

9. Attach Complete
10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
45 GPRS Routing Area Update
46 Notion PDP Context
47 PDP Context Activation
48 Data Transfer
49 Routing example: Incoming packet

Address conversion: IP-Dest  TID + SGSN

(from PDP context)
IP packet

?
Internet

GGSN
SGSN
GTP (GGSN IP address, Tunneling ID, IP packet)
?
Address conversioan: TID  TLLI, NSAPI, QoS, and cell
(from PDP context)

LA2 IP packet SGSN

SNDCP (SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol)
(Temp Logical Link Id, NSAPI, IP packet))
MS
LA1
50 Routing example: Outgoing packet

IP packet
(Dest. 129.187.222.10, Source: 129.74.216.6)

Internet

GGSN
SGSN
GTP (GGSN IP Address, Tunneling ID, IP packet)
SGSN ?
Address conversion: TLLI + NSAPI  TID + GGSN
(from PDP context)

GGSN SNDCP (TLLI, NSAPI, IP packet)

MS
Address conversion: IP-source  TLLI, NSAPI
(from PDP context)
IP packet
(Dest: 129.74.216.6.Source: 129.187.222.10
51 GPRS Channel
52
53 Timeslot sharing
54 52 Multiframe for GPRS
55 GPRS Mobile Equipment
56 Coding Scheme for GPRS

 Skema coding untuk kanal-kanal trafik logik GPRS

57
EDGE
58 EDGE Network
59 Dimensioning principle : Transmission
60 Access of Mobile Applications through WLAN
61 Evolution step GSM / GPRS / UMTS / HSDPA
Edge
PSTN
Um
Um Network
BTS BSC
GSM
Edge TRX PCU INFRASTRUCTURE
Abis HLR/AuC
Node-B MSC EIR
HSDPA
RNC
HSDPA TRX
SS7
Network
Iu
IWU

UMTS (WCDMA)
Serving GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE Support Node
(SGSN) GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE
Border GPRS
Gateway (BG) backbone
network
(IP based)
Internet

Lawful Interception Gateway GPRS

Gateway (LIG) Support Node
(GGSN)
Inter-PLMN
network
62
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65