DESIGN OF SLABS

DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
1. Check whether one slab or two-way slab

𝑙𝑦
 >2
𝑙𝑥

2. Write given data

 Slab dimension
 Clear span (shorter span)
 Wall thickness
 Working live load
 Finish
3. Selection of grade of concrete and steel
 fck from grade of concrete
 fy from grade of steel
3. Cross sectional dimensions
 l/d Ration = higher than 20 (eg: 25) (IS 456: cl. 23.2.1 page 37)
 Selection of breadth of the beam (same as singly reinforced)
 Selection of depths of the beam d and D
 Total depth D = clear cover + effective depth + dia of bar /2 (if effective cover is given no need to
add dia, dia 10mm)
 Clear cover for slab (15 mm, 20mm) etc.
4. Effective span Le (same as singly reinforced) (IS 456: cl. 22.2 page 34)
Lower of:
A) Clear span = effective depth
B) Centre to centre of supports
5. Load calculation
A. Dead load or self-weight = b x dx Density of concrete
B. Live load
C. Total load = dead load + live load+ finish
D. Design load = 1.5 x total load
6. moment and shear force calculation
A) From the given loading and support conditions
𝑊𝑢.𝐿𝑒 2
 Mu =
8
𝑊𝑢.Le
 Vu =
2

7. Limiting moment of resistance Mulim

A) Mu > Mulim, design as doubly reinforced
 Mulim = k.fck.b𝑑2
 k = 0.138
 Mu < Mulim, under reinforced (Adequate)
8. Tension Reinforcement (Main bars)

𝐴𝑠𝑡 .𝑓𝑦
 (
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d 1 -
𝑏.𝑑.𝑓𝑐𝑘
) ( IS 456: Annex G : page 34)
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑂𝐹 𝑂𝑁𝐸 𝐵𝐴𝑅
 Spacing = 𝐴𝑠𝑡
x 1000
 (Is 456: Maximum spacing pg. 46 cl.26.3.3.)
 3d or 300 mm
 Check Ast min = 0.12 % bD (0.12 x 1000 x b /100) (IS 456: 2000 pg.: 48 : cl . 26.5.2)
 If Ast> Astmin then okay
A. No. of bars
 Total Ast/area of one bar
9. Distribution bars
 Ast. distri. = 0.12 % bD
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑂𝐹 𝑂𝑁𝐸 𝐵𝐴𝑅
 Spacing = 𝐴𝑠𝑡
x 1000
 (Is 456: Maximum spacing pg. 46 cl.26.3.3.)
 5d or 450 mm
10. Check for shear stress
 Tv = 𝑉𝑢 / 𝑏. 𝑑
 Tc:
 Pt = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 /𝑏. 𝑑 x 100 Note: Ast calculated from provided bar area
 Interpolating Pt value and value corresponding to grade of concrete in IS 456: 2000 table 19,
pg.73
 Tcmax: IS 456: 2000 table 20
 Tv> Tc <Tcmax, then provide shear reinforcement
 Tv< Tc >Tcmax, then no need for shear reinforcement
11. Check for Deflection
a) 𝐿 𝑑 max = 𝐿 𝑑 basic x kt x kf x kc
b) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑘𝑡 = 1.4, 𝑘𝑓 = 1, 𝑘𝑐 = 1
c) 𝐿 /𝑑 basic = 25/d.
d) l/d max > l/d provided
11. Structural detailing
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
4. Check whether one slab or two-way slab

𝑙𝑦
 >2
𝑙𝑥

5. Write given data

 Slab dimension
 Clear span (shorter span)
 Wall thickness
 Working live load
 Finish
6. Selection of grade of concrete and steel
 fck from grade of concrete
 fy from grade of steel
3. Cross sectional dimensions
 l/d Ration = higher than 20 (eg: 35) (IS 456: cl. 23.2.1 page 37) (l – shorter span)
 Selection of breadth of the beam (same as singly reinforced)
 Selection of depths of the beam d and D
 Total depth D = clear cover + effective depth + dia of bar /2 (if effective cover is given no need to
add dia, dia 10mm)
 Clear cover for slab (15 mm, 20mm) etc.
4. Effective span Le (same as singly reinforced) (IS 456: cl. 22.2 page 34)
Lower of:
C) Clear span = effective depth
D) Centre to centre of supports
5. Load calculation
E. Dead load or self-weight = b x dx Density of concrete
F. Live load
G. Total load = dead load + live load+ finish
H. Design load = 1.5 x total load
6. Factored moment and shear force calculation
 (IS 456: Appendix: D cl. D2.1)

 Alpha x and alpha y from IS 456: tale 27 (using effective ly/lx ratio)
𝑊𝑢.Le
 Vu =
2

7. Limiting moment of resistance Mulim

B) Mu > Mulim, design as doubly reinforced
 Mulim = k.fck.b𝑑2
 k = 0.138
 Mx, My < Mulim, under reinforced (Adequate)
8. Tension Reinforcement (Both spans)
 Along shorter span
𝐴𝑠𝑡 .𝑓𝑦
 Mux = 0.87 fy Ast d 1 - ( 𝑏.𝑑.𝑓𝑐𝑘
) ( IS 456: Annex G : page 34)
 Along longer span
𝐴𝑠𝑡 .𝑓𝑦
 Muy = 0.87 fy Ast d 1 - (
𝑏.𝑑.𝑓𝑐𝑘
)
( IS 456: Annex G : page 34)

 Check Ast min = 0.12 % bD (0.12 x 1000 x b /100) (IS 456: 2000 pg.: 48: cl. 26.5.2)
 If Ast> Astmin then okay
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑂𝐹 𝑂𝑁𝐸 𝐵𝐴𝑅
 Spacing = 𝐴𝑠𝑡
x 1000
 (Is 456: Maximum spacing pg. 46 cl.26.3.3.)
 5d or 450 mm
B. No. of bars
 Total Ast/area of one bar
9. Rebar Spacing ( Assume 10 mm dia bars )
 Shorter span, Spacing = A.bar/ Ast x 1000
 longer span, Spacing = A.bar/ Ast x 1000
 (Is 456: Maximum spacing pg. 46 cl.26.3.3.)
 3d or 300 mm


10. Check for shear stress
 Tv = 𝑉𝑢 / 𝑏. 𝑑
 Tc:
 Pt = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 /𝑏. 𝑑 x 100 Note: Ast calculated from provided bar area
 Interpolating Pt value and value corresponding to grade of concrete in IS 456: 2000 table 19,
pg.73
  Tcmax: IS 456: 2000 table 20
 Tv> Tc <Tcmax, then provide shear reinforcement
 Tv< Tc >Tcmax, then no need for shear reinforcement
11. Check for Deflection
e) 𝐿 𝑑 max = 𝐿 𝑑 basic x kt x kf x kc
f) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑘𝑡 = 1.4, 𝑘𝑓 = 1, 𝑘𝑐 = 1
g) 𝐿 /𝑑 basic = 25/d.
h) l/d max > l/d provided
11. Structural detailing
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER WAY SLAB
STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM
7. Check whether one slab or two-way slab

𝑙𝑦
 >2
𝑙𝑥

8. Write given data

 Slab dimension
 Clear span (shorter span)
 Wall thickness
 Working live load
 Finish
9. Selection of grade of concrete and steel
 fck from grade of concrete
 fy from grade of steel
3. Cross sectional dimensions
 l/d Ration = higher than 20 (eg: 25) (IS 456: cl. 23.2.1 page 37)
 Selection of breadth of the beam (same as singly reinforced)
 Selection of depths of the beam d and D
 Total depth D = clear cover + effective depth + dia of bar /2 (if effective cover is given no need to
add dia, dia 10mm)
 Clear cover for slab (15 mm, 20mm) etc.
4. Effective span Le (same as singly reinforced) (IS 456: cl. 22.2 page 34)
Lower of:
E) Clear span = effective depth
F) Centre to centre of supports
5. Load calculation
I. Dead load or self-weight = b x dx Density of concrete
J. Live load
K. Total load = dead load + live load+ finish
 L. Design load = 1.5 x total load

6. moment and shear force calculation

B) From the given loading and support conditions
𝑊𝑢.𝐿𝑒 2
 Mu =
8
𝑊𝑢.Le
 Vu =
2

7. Limiting moment of resistance Mulim

C) Mu > Mulim, design as doubly reinforced
 Mulim = k.fck.b𝑑2
 k = 0.138
 Mu < Mulim, under reinforced (Adequate)
8. Tension Reinforcement (Main bars)

𝐴𝑠𝑡 .𝑓𝑦
 (
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d 1 -
𝑏.𝑑.𝑓𝑐𝑘
) ( IS 456: Annex G : page 34)
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑂𝐹 𝑂𝑁𝐸 𝐵𝐴𝑅
 Spacing = 𝐴𝑠𝑡
x 1000
 (Is 456: Maximum spacing pg. 46 cl.26.3.3.)
 3d or 300 mm
 Check Ast min = 0.12 % bD (0.12 x 1000 x b /100) (IS 456: 2000 pg.: 48 : cl . 26.5.2)
 If Ast> Astmin then okay
C. No. of bars
 Total Ast/area of one bar
9. Distribution bars
 Ast. distri. = 0.12 % bD
𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑂𝐹 𝑂𝑁𝐸 𝐵𝐴𝑅
 Spacing = 𝐴𝑠𝑡
x 1000
 (Is 456: Maximum spacing pg. 46 cl.26.3.3.)
 5d or 450 mm
10. Check for shear stress
 Tv = 𝑉𝑢 / 𝑏. 𝑑
 Tc:
 Pt = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 /𝑏. 𝑑 x 100 Note: Ast calculated from provided bar area
  Interpolating Pt value and value corresponding to grade of concrete in IS 456: 2000 table 19,
pg.73
 Tcmax: IS 456: 2000 table 20
 Tv> Tc <Tcmax, then provide shear reinforcement
 Tv< Tc >Tcmax, then no need for shear reinforcement
11. Check for Deflection
i) 𝐿 𝑑 max = 𝐿 𝑑 basic x kt x kf x kc
j) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑘𝑡 = 1.4, 𝑘𝑓 = 1, 𝑘𝑐 = 1
k) 𝐿 /𝑑 basic = 25/d.
l) l/d max > l/d provided
11. Structural detailing