Arab Academy for Science & Technology & Maritime Transport

College of Engineering & Technology

Department of Basic & Applied Science

Mathematics 2
Sheet
 Arab Academy for Science & Technology
&Maritime Transport
College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Basic & Applied Science

Syllabus for Math (2) (BA 124)

Coordinator: Dr. Mona Fouad

Week Sheet Topics Lec Sec. H.W.

1 Definition of indefinite integrals 1-8 1-8 1-5

1 Table of famous integrals

2 1 Simple rules of integration 11-23 11-22 6-28

1 Fundamental theorem of calculus

3 1 Fundamental theorem of calculus 24-29 23-33 29-34

2 Integration by parts 1-5 1-6 1-4

4 2 Integration by parts 6-10 7-12 5-12

2 Integration of rational functions 12-13 12-13 13-14

5 2 Integration of rational functions 14-21 14-22 15-26

6 3 Integration of trigonometric powers 1-12 1-12 1-9

7 3 Trigonometric substitution 13-21 13-18 20-25

8 3 Integration of quad. Forms 18-29 18-30 9-19,26-27

3 Reduction formulas 30-34 31-37 28-36

9 4 Definite integration 1-4 1-4 1-7

10 4 Area & Volumes 5-9 5-9 8-13

11 4 Area & volumes 10-15 10-14 14-20

4 Length of a curve 16-18 15-17 21-24

12 4 Average of a function 19-20 18-20 25-28

4 Numerical integration 21-23 21-23 29-32

13 5 Matrix algebra Section A Section A Section A

14 5 Solution of systems of linear equations Section B Section B Section B

Through : Gauss, Cramer, inverse matrix
methods

15 General Revision
 Table 1

N.B: All the following rules should be known by heart.

Some famous integrals:

x n 1 dx x
1. x
n
dx 
n 1
 c, n  1 13.  a2  x2 a
 sin 1
c

dx x
2. 
dx
 ln x  c
14.  a x
2 2
 sinh 1  c
a
x
dx x
15.   cosh 1  c
3.  sin x dx   cos x  c x a
2 2 a

 cos x  tan x dx   (sec 2 x  1) dx  tan x  x  c

2
4. dx  sin x  c 16.

 sec x  cot x dx   (cos ec 2 x  1) dx   cot x  x  c

2
5. tan x dx  sec x  c 17.

 cos ecx cot x dx   cos ecx  c 1 x sin 2 x

 cos x dx   1  cos 2 x dx   c
6. 2
18.
2 2 4
7.  sec x dx  ln sec x  tan x  c 1 x sin 2 x
 sin x dx   1  cos 2 x dx   c
2
19.
2 2 4
8.  cos ecx dx   ln cos ecx  cot x  c
 sec x dx  tan x  c
2
20.
9.  tan x dx  ln sec x  c   ln cos x  c
 cos ec x dx   cot  c
2
21.
10.  cot x dx  ln sin x  c   ln cos ecx  c
e dx  e x  c
x
dx 1 x 22.
11.  2  tan 1  c
a x 2
a a ax
23.  a dx  c
x
dx 1 x
12.  2  tanh 1  c ln a
a x 2
a a

Trigonometric formulas:

sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1
cos A cos B 
1
cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)
tan 2 x  1  sec 2 x 2
sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x
sin A sin B  cos( A  B )  cos( A  B )
1
2
cos 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
sin A cos B  sin(A  B )  sin(A  B )
1
 2 cos 2 x  1 2
 1  2 sin 2 x

Some useful rules:

a 2  b 2  (a  b) (a  b) If ax 2  bx  c  0
 b  b 2  4ac
x  2ax  ( x  a)  a
2 2 2 then x
2a
Definition of indefinite integration:

d
 f ( x) dx  F ( x)  c, where f ( x)  F ( x) 
dx
F ( x)

Properties of integration:

i)  c f ( x) dx  c  f ( x) dx

ii)  f ( x)  g ( x) dx   f ( x) dx   g ( x) dx
Where c is a constant

Some basic rules:

u n1
Rule 1:  u n u  dx   u du 
n
c , where n  1
n 1
u du
Rule 2: u dx 
u  ln u  c
u du
Rule 3:  u
dx  
u
 2 u c
 Sheet#1
Lecture Examples
Section A:

( x  2 )2 dx
2
3.
x x  3 dx
2
1.
1 4
dx 4. (   2 ) dx
2. 4 x
x2 x x

Section B: Integration by substitution

x
(e 1
2x
)2 dx
 tan x 2 dx  x cos(ln x ) dx
5. 7. 9.

e  5 x dx
4x
8.
 sec
2
6. 3 x dx sec x
10.  dx
x

11.  ( 7 x 2  4 )6 x dx 18. 
dx
x ( 1  ln x )3
x2
12.  dx ( 1  cot x )3
20 x 3  4 19.  dx
1  cos 2 x
1  2x3
13.  dx 20.  ( 3  4 cos x )2 dx
2x  x  1 4

14.  tan 3 7 x
1  sin x
sec 2 7 x dx 21.  dx
cos 2 x
15.  cos 6 2 x sin 2 x dx 1  cos 2 x
22.  dx
sin 2 x
16.  sec 8 x tan x dx
dx
23. 
17.  tan x cos 5 x dx x  x ln x

Section C:

dx dx cos x
24.  x2  9
26. 
x 4  9 ln 2 x
28. 
4  sin 2 x
dx e x  e2x
25.  dx
27.  2 x dx 29. 
25  16 x 2
e 1 x( 1  ln 2 x )
Page 1
 Sheet#1
Classroom Exercises

Section A:

1. x x  2 dx 2.  (x
2

1 2
) dx
x

Section B: Integration by Substitution

 cos 5x  cot e
x
3. dx 6. ex dx

x dx
e
sinx
4.  sin2 5x 2 7. cos x dx

 (e  e 2x ) 2 dx
2x
8.
1
 x sec ln x dx
2
5.

 ( 3x  2)  tan x
10
9. dx 16. ln | cos x | dx

dx tan 3 x
10.  5  2x 17.  cos 2 x dx
x dx 1  ln x
11.  4 20x 2  1 18.  dx
x

 cos (9x  6) sin(9x  6) dx 8  tan x

4
12.
19.  1  sin2 x dx

tan 1 x
 sec (7x  3) tan (7x  3) dx
2 2
 1  x2
13. 20. dx

cos x  sin x
14.  cos x  sinx dx sin 2x
21.  1  sin x 2
dx

1
 x ln x
2
15. dx sin 2x
22.  sin2 x dx

Page2
 cos 2x
 (x  1) ( x  1) 3 x dx
3
23.  cos x  sinx dx 25.

1
 (x  ) 6 x 8 dx
2
 (sinx  cos x) dx
24. 2 26.
x

Section C:

dx
27.  4  x2 cos x dx
31.  a 2  sin2 x
dx
28.  1  9x 2 dx
32. x 4  9 ln 2 x
dx
29.  16  9x 2 x  sin1 x
33.  1 x 2
dx
e x dx
30.  1  ex

Page3
 Homework#1
1 4 dx
1.  x  x x  2 dx
15.  sin 1 x 1  x2
5x
2. e dx
16.  x ln x
dx
dx ln ln x
3.  cos 2 7 x
sin 2 x
17.  dx
Sec 2 (ln x ) 1  cos 2 x
4.  x
dx
sin 2 x
5.  cot(5x  7) dx 18.  1  sin x 2
dx


2

a
6. tan x sec x dx x2
19. x dx
ln x
7.  x dx 20. e
(x 2
4 x3 )
( x  2 )dx

x
8.  x 2  1 x dx
21.  5
dx
(1  3 x ) 2 2

z
9.  (tan 4 z  cot
4
)dz
22. 
dx
x ln x 2

x 2 dx sin 1 x
10.  x3  1 23.  dx
1 x 2

 sec(7 x  2) dx
cos x
11.  dx 24.
sin 2 x

 (sec x  tan x ) dx
2 sec 2 x
 (5 tan x  3) 6 dx
12.
25.

dx
13. x 1  ln x 2 1  tan 2 x
26.  tan x dx
dx
14. 
cos 2 x tan x 1
Page 4
  cos ec ( x) e x dx
2
dx
27.
31.  1  e2x
e (e x  3) 5 dx
x
28. 3x  2
32.  25 x 2  49 dx
dx
29.  tan 3 x dx
 x  x ln 2 x
sin 3 x 33.

dx
30.  9 x 2
34.  cos
4
x  2 cos 2 x sin 2 x  sin 4 x dx

Page 5
 Sheet#2
Lecture Examples

Section A: Integration by parts

1. x cos x dx 6. x
2
sin x dx

2.  ln x dx
7. x
3
(ln x )2 dx

3. x sec 2 x dx
8.  ln 2 x dx


( x2 )
e ( 4 x  3 ) dx
e
4. 2x
9. cos x dx

 ln( x  1 ) dx
2

 sin(ln x )
5.
10. dx

Section B: Integration of rational functions

Long division:

x 5  8 x 3  16 x 2x3  x2  9x  4
12.  x2  4
dx 13. 
x2  4
dx

Partial Fractions:

dx dx
14. 
18.  x3  2x2  x
( x  1 )( x  1 )
x2  3x  3
4 x  6 x  30
2
19.  dx
15.  ( x  1 )( x  3 )( x  5 ) dx ( x  1 )( x 2  4 )

5 x 3  28 x 2  47 x  30
20.  2 dx
x3 ( x  9 )( x  3 )( x  2 )
16. dx
( x  2 ) ( x  1 )2
9  7x  x2
21.  dx
x ( 1  x )3 ( x  2 )
17.  ( x  1 )( x  1 )2 dx

Page 6
 Sheet#2
Classroom Exercises

Section A: Integration by parts

x x
2
1. sin3x dx 7. e 5x dx

x e
4 x
x
6
2. dx 8. (ln x) 2 dx

3. x ln x dx 9. 
ln ln x
dx
x
4. x secx tan x dx 10. e
x
sin x dx

x  sec
4
5. ln x 4 dx 11.
3
x dx

 cos(lnx)
ln(ln x)
6.  x dx 12. dx

Section B: Integration of rational functions

Long division:

x5  1 2x 3  x 2  3x
12.  x 2  1 dx 13. 
x2  1
dx

Partial Fractions:
x2  1
x 2  3x  4 18.  (x  1) 3 dx
14.  dx
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)
2x  1
x5 19.  ( x  1) dx
15.  (x  1)( x  2)2 dx ( x  2)

x2  5x  1
x  4x  1
2 20.  ( x 2  1 ) ( x  2 ) dx
16.  x x
2
dx
2x 3  x 2  6x  3
4 21.  dx
17.  x 2 ( x  2) 2
dx x4  1
2x 3  3x 2  x  2
22.  (x  1)( x  2)( x 2  4) dx

Page 7
 Homework#2

x  ( x  4) e
2 x 3
1. sec2 x dx 7. dx

 tan x dx
1
e
x
2. 8. sin3x dx

 ln(x  1) x
4
3. dx 9. ln x 4 dx

4. x cos 2 x dx 10. x tan 2 x dx

x 
2 x
5. e 5x dx 11. x 3 dx

x e
2 2x
6. cos x dx 12. ln e 5x dx

x7  3x5  3x3  x 4x 2  8x  4
13.  dx 20.  dx
x2  1 ( x  1) 3 ( x  3)

3 x 3  2 x 2  13 x  9 x 2  22x  2
14.  dx 21.  dx
x2  4 ( x  5) ( x  4) 2

dx 4x
15.  22.  x 4  1 dx
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)

x dx 3x 4  x 3  2x 2  6
16.  23.*  dx
( x  1)( x  2)( x  5) x ( x  1)
2

3x  5 x 2  5x
17.  dx 24.  dx
( x  3)( x  7) x2  4
dx
 (x2  x)( x2  2x  1)
4x
18.  dx 25.
( x  1)( x 2  1)

2x2  2x  2
x x 8
5 4
26.  dx
19.  dx ( x  1) 2 ( x 2  1)
x 3  4x

Page 8
 Sheet#3
Lecture Examples

Section A: “Trigonometric powers”

a) Integrals of the form  sin n x cos m x dx

 sin x cos 5 x dx  sin

4
1.
3
6. 2 x cos 4 2 x dx

 cos
2 2

 sin 3 x cos 3 x dx 7. x sin4 x dx

2.

 cos
2
8. x sin 2 x dx
 cos
4 2
3. x sin x dx

4.  cos 3 x cos 7 x dx 9.  sin 3 x cos 2 x dx

 cos
3
x dx
5.

 tan
n
b) Integrals of the form x sec m x dx

10.  tan x 
3
Sec 3 x dx 13. sec 2 x
4
dx

 sec
6
11.  tan x sec 4 x dx 4
x tan2 x dx
14.
tan 3 dx
12.  tan5 x sec x dx 15. 
cos 3 x

Section B: “Trigonometric substitution”

Prove the following:

  a2 sin1 ax  x2 a 2  x 2  c
2
16. a 2  x 2 dx


x x 2 a 2
 a2 ln x  x 2 a 2
2
17. x2  a2 dx  2 a
c


x x2 a2
 a2 ln x  x2 a2
2
18. x 2  a 2 dx  2 a
c

Page 9
Solve the following integrals:

x2  9 23.  x 3 4  x 2 dx
19.  dx
x

x2 24.  x 2 1  x 2 dx
20.  dx
3  x2

dx
25.  8  2x  x2 dx
21. 
x 
3
2
4 2
4  sin 2 x
26.  dx
sec x
x3
22.  dx
9 x 2

Section C:
Ax  B Ax  B
Integrals of the form  ax 2  bx  c dx and  ax  bx  c
2
dx

dx dx
27.  4 x 2  16 x  12 33.  x2  4x  3
dx dx
28.  34. 
3 x 2  16 x( 3 x  5 )

dx dx
29.  35. 
1  x  x2 8  2x  x2

dx
30. 
x2
dx 36. 
x2  2x  3 x ln 2 x  4 ln x  3

cos x dx
31.  2
x
dx 37. 
x  6 x  15 sin2 x  4 sinx  12

x2  1 10 x
32.  dx 38.  dx
10 2 x  8( 10 x )  12
x  2x  1

Page 10
Section D: Reduction Formulas.
Prove the following reduction formulas:

 x dx  I n  1
sin n1 x cos x  n 1
n
39. sin n n I n2
sin 4 x
And hence find:  dx
cos ec 2 x

 cos  I n  1n sin x cos n1 x  n 1

n
40. x dx n I n2
 cos
3
And hence find: x dx

 tan  In  tan n 1 x  I n 2
n 1
41. x dx n 1

 tan
7
And hence find: x cot 2 x dx

1 n2
42.  sec
n
x dx  In  tan x sec n  2 x  I n2
n 1 n 1
 sec
5
And hence find: x dx

Page 11
 Sheet#3
Classroom Exercises

Section A: “Trigonometric powers”

a) Integrals of the form  sin n x cos m x dx

 sin
2 3
x cos 5 x dx
1.
 sin x cos 5 x dx
3
6.
cos 3 x
2.  sin
4
x cos x dx 2 7.  sin x
dx

 cos  sin 2 x
7
3. x sin3 x dx 8. cos 3 x dx

 sin
4
x cos 4 x dx  sin
2
4. 9. x cos 4 x dx

5.  sin 3 x sin 5 x dx

 tan
n
b) Integrals of the form x sec m x dx

 tan
3 x sec4 x dx
 sec
4
10. 13. x dx

sec3 dx
 tan x sec x dx  cot 3 x
3 5
11. 14.

 tan  secx
4 x sec4 x dx
12. 15. tan 2 x dx

Section B: “Trigonometric substitution”

Solve the following integrals:

x2 dx
16.  dx 19. x 9  x2
1 x2
x4 x5
 x dx 20.  dx

17. 2
1
2
1 x2
dx x3
18. x 2
1 x 2
21.  x 2
4 
2
dx

Page 12
22.  2  4x  x2 dx 24.  7  x2  6x dx

23.  x2  4 dx

Section C:
Ax  B Ax  B
Integrals of the form  ax 2  bx  c dx and  ax  bx  c
2
dx

dx dx
25.  1  9x 2 32.  x 2  4x
dx
26.  dx
16  9x 2 33.  6x  x 2  7
dx (6x  7) dx
27.  34. 
7  6x  x 2 3x 2  7x  11

secx tan x dx
dx 35. 
28.  x 2  2x  5 sec2 x  2 secx

6x sec 2 x
29.  dx 36.  dx
4  x2 tan 2 x  6 tan x  10

dx ex
30.  x 2  4x
37. 
e2x  2e x  5

dx
31.  2x  x 2

Section D: Reduction Formulas.

Prove the following reduction formulas:

 x dx  I n  1
sin n1 x cos x  n 1
n
38. sin n n I n2
And hence find:  sin 6 x cos ec 3 x dx

Page 13
   I n  1n sin x cos n1 x  n 1
n
39. cos x dx n I n2
And hence find:  cos 5 x sec x dx

 tan  In  tan n 1 x  I n 2
n 1
40. x dx n 1

And hence find:  tan5 x dx

1 n2
41.  sec
n
x dx  In  tan x sec n  2 x  I n2
n 1 n 1
And hence find:  sec 3 x dx

Page 14
 Homework#3
Evaluate the following integrals:

 sin
5
1. x cos 5 x dx
 tan
2
9. x cos 5 x dx
 cos
9
2. x sin3 x dx
10.  tan x sin2 x dx
 sin
2
3. x cos 2 x dx

cos 3 x
11.  sin 7 x cos 5 x dx
4.  sin2 x dx
12.  sin 4 x sin 2 x dx

 cot
3
5. x sec4 x dx
13.  cos 5 x cos 3 x dx

 tan
3
6. x sec6 x dx
14.  cos 7 x sin 2 x dx

 tan x
3
7. sec7 x dx

 tan x
6
8. sec4 x dx

Evaluate the following integrals:

x3  x dx
15. 
1  x2
dx 20.  x2  9
dx
16.  21. 
dz
x 9  x2
2z  z 2

17.  x 4  x2
2
dx dx
22. 
2  3x  4x 2
18.  x 2  6 dx
dx
23. 
dx 6  x 2  8x
19.  2x 2  4x  4
dx
24.  x ( 3x  5)

Page 15
 32.  sin x 1  cos 2 x dx
( 2x  6)dx
25. 
x 2  8x
cos 2 x dx
33. 
( x  3)dx sin 2 2 x  5  2 sin 2 x
26.  4x 2  4x  9 sin 2 x dx
34. 
sin 3 x  9 sin x
3x  1
27.  x 2  2x  2 dx
35.  ( 1  tan2 x )4 dx

sec2 x dx
28.  e x dx
tan 2 x  4 tan x  8 36. 
e2 x  e x  1

10x dx
29.  e 2 x dx
10 2x
 6(10) x  12 37.  4 x
e  2e 2 x  5

30.  x 2  6x dx

31.  2x  x 2 dx

Prove the following reduction formulas:

 x dx  I n  1
sin n1 x cos x  n 1
n
38. sin n n I n2
And hence find:  sin 6 x dx

  I n  1n sin x cos n1 x  n 1

n
39. cos x dx n I n2
And hence find:  cos 6 x sec3 x dx

  In  tan n 1 x  I n 2
n 1
40. tan x dx n 1
dx
And hence find:  cot 4 x dx

1 n2
41.  sec
n
x dx  In  tan x sec n  2 x  I n2
n 1 n 1
dx
And hence find:  cos 5 x

Page 16
 Sheet#4
Definite Integration and it’s Application
Lecture Examples
Section A: “Definite integration”

2 3
x  3 x  1 dx

3 2
1. 3. 9  x2 dx
1
0

3
2 2x  1
2.  sin x
0
2
dx 4.  (x  1)( x  2) dx
0

Section B: ”Area & Volumes”

5. Find the area of a figure bounded by the lines y = x, y=8 and x=0.

6. Find the area of a figure bounded by the parabola y2 = x+2 and the
line x = 2y-1.

Page 17
 7. A figure bounded by y = x3 , y=4 , y=1 and x=0.
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vy of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the y-axis.

8. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the following curves:

x2 = 2-y , x = 0 , y = x. (Consider the region in the 1st quadrant)
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

9. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the following curve

y= sin x , x = 0 , x =  .
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

10. Compute the area of the region bounded by the cardioid

r=a(1cos  ).
11. Compute the area of the region bounded by the cardioid
r=a(1+sin  ).

12. Compute the area of the region bounded by lemniscate r2=a2cos2  .

13. Compute the area of the region that lies inside the cardioid
r=a(1+sin  ) and outside the circle r = a.

14. Find the area of the region that lies inside the circle r = 3a cos 
and outside the cardioid r = a(1+cos  ).

15. Find the area of the region bounded by the intersection of the
circle r= 2a cos  and the circle r = a.

Section C: ”Length of a curve (arc length)”

The length of a curve y  f (x) between x = a and x = b is defined by:

b
l   1  ( y ) 2 dx
a

2 2
 dy   dx 
b
While in parametric form l       d
a  d   d 

16. Find the length of the curve y  x for x in [0,1].

2

Page 18
 3
17. Find the length of the curve x  3y 2  1 for y in [0,4].

x  a cos3  , y  a sin 
3
18. Find the length of the hypocycloid for

  0,  2 .
Section D: “ Average of a function”

19. Find the average of the function y  x 2  2 x  1 from x =0 to

x =2

20. Find the average of the function y  cos 2 4 x from x = 0 to x =
4

Section E: “Numerical Integration”

Trapezoidal rule:
b

 y( x) dx  2 ( y  y n )  2 y1  y 2    y n 1 
h
0
a

Simpson’s rule:
b

 y( x) dx  3 ( y  y n )  2 y 2  y 4    y n 2   4 y1  y3    y n 1 
h
0
a

Note: step size h = (b-a)/n , n (no. of intervals) must be even for Simpson’s
rule, if n is not given it is assumed to be 6.

2
dx
21. Compute  4  x 2 by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s rule,
0
then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give an
approx. value for  .

4
dx
22. Compute  x  1 , by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s rule,
1
then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give an
approx. value for Ln (2.5).
1

23. Compute  e
x 2
dx ,using both the Trapezoid and Simpson’s rules,
0
take the number of intervals n=10. (answer Simpson = 0.746825,
Trapezoid = 0.746211)

Page 19
 Sheet#4
Classroom exercises
Definite Integration and it’s Application

Section A: “Definite integration”

1 1

1.
2
dx
 4  x2
3. x tan 1 x dx
0
0

3
2x 2  3x  3
4. 
1
dx
3
x
2. ex dx ( x  1)( x 2
 2 x  5)
0
0

Section B: ”Area & Volumes”

5. Find the area of the figure bounded by the x-axis, x=4 and y = x.

6. Find the area of the region bounded by y=x3 and y=8 and the y-
axis.

7. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the following lines:

y = x, x +y=6 , y = 0
i) Find the area of this region.
ii) Compute the volume Vy of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the y-axis.

8. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the following curve

y= (x-2)2 , y = x.
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating
this region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

9. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the ellipse

x2 y 2
 1
16 9
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

Page 20
 10. Compute the area of the region bounded by cardioid
r=a(1+cos  ).

11. Compute the area of the region bounded by cardioid r=a(1-sin  ).

12. Compute the area of the region bounded by intersection of the

cardioid r = a(1+sin  ) with the circle r = a.

13. Find the area of the region that lies inside the circle r = 3a cos 
and outside the cardioid r = a(1+cos  ).

14. Find the area of the region that lies inside the circle r = 2a cos 
and outside the circle r = a.

Section C: ”Length of a curve (arc length)”

 
15. Find the length of the curve y  ln sec x for x in
 4 , 3  .

16. Find the length of the curve given by y = t2+3 , x = 2t+2 from t =0
to t=4

17. Find the length of one arc of the cycloid x  a  a sin  ,

y  a  a cos  .

Section D: “ Average of a function”

18. Find the average of the function y  x  x  1 from x=0 to x=1

3

19. Find the average of the function y  sin 3x from x = 0 to x = 

20. Find the average of the function y  sec 2 x from x = 0 to x =

2


2

Page 21
Section E: “Numerical Integration”
1
dx
21. Compute  2 by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s
0 1 x
rule, then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give
an approx. value for  .
2
dx
22. Compute  1
x by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s rule,
then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give an
approx. value for Ln2.

 cos x
2
23. Compute dx ,using both Trapezoid and Simpson’s
0
rules.

Page 22
 Homework#4

Definite integration:
 
2 2
cos  cos
1. 2
x dx 3
x sin 2 x dx
5.
 0
2


4


4
3x 2  2
 tan
2. x dx 2
6. x sec4 x dx
3
0
1/ 2
dx 
3.  1  4x 2 4
0

 sec
3
7. x dx

0
2
4. x sin 2 x dx
0

Area & Volumes.

8. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the following curves:

y = x, x +y=6 , x = 0
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

9. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the following curves:

y = (x-2)2 , y = x.
a) Find the area of this region.
b) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

10. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the circle

x 2  y 2  16 (Consider only the region in the 1st quadrant)
i) Find the area of this region.
ii) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

Page 23
11. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the circle
x 2  y 2  9 , y  x (Consider only the 1st quadrant)
i) Find the area of this region.
ii) Compute the volume Vy of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the y-axis.

12. A region in the xy-plan is bounded by the two curves

y2=x, x2=y
i) Find the area of this region.
ii) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

13. (*this is an A-student question*)

A region in the xy-plan is bounded by : y=2x , y=x , y = x3
(Consider only the region in the 1st quadrant)
i) Find the area of this region.
ii) Compute the volume Vx of the solid generated by rotating this
region one complete revolution about the x-axis.

14. Compute the area of the region bounded by cardioid r = 2 (1+cos  ).

15. Compute the area of the region bounded by cardioid r = 2 (1+sin  ).

16. Compute the area of the region bounded by cardioid r = a(1-sin  ) and
the circle r = a.

17. Compute the area of the region that lies outside the cardioid
r=a(1+sin  ) and inside the circle r = a.

18. Find the area of the region that lies outside the circle r = 3a cos  and
inside the cardioid r = a(1+cos  ).

19. Find the area of the region bounded by the intersection of the circle r=
3a cos  and the cardioid r = a(1+cos  ).

20. Find the area of the region that lies outside the circle r = 2a cos  and
inside the circle r = a.

Length of a curve (arc length):

21. Find the length of the curve y  3x 2 for x in [0,1].

1  
22. Find the length of the curve y  ln sec 3 x for x in 0, 9  .
3

Page 24
23. Find the length of one arc of the cycloid x    sin  , y  1  cos  .

24. Find the length of one arc of the hypocycloid x  4 sin  , y  4 cos 
for   [0,  ] .
2

Average of a function:

25. Find the average of the function z  y 3  3 from y = 0 to y = 2

26. Find the average of the function y  sin x from x = 0 to x = 

2

27. Find the average of the function y  cos x  sin x from x =0 to x = 

2


28. Find the average of the function y  tan 4 x from x = 0 to x =
2
2

Numerical Integration:
1
2
dx
29. Compute 
1 x2
0
by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s rule,

then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give an approx.
value for  .

2
x dx
30. Compute  2 , by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s rule,
1 x 1
then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give an approx.
value for Ln (2.5)

6
4 dx
31. Compute 1 x  1 . by the Trapezoid rule and also Simpson’s rule,

then find the absolute error for both methods, and hence give an approx.
value for Ln (3.5)


sin x
32. Compute  x
dx ,using both Trapezoid and Simpson’s rules.
/2

Page 24
 Sheet#5
Linear Algebra
Lecture Examples

Section A: “Matrix algebra”

Given:
 6 3 0  1 2 0 7 2 0 
     
A    3 6  2 , B   2 1 0  And C   1 2 3 
 0 3 4  0 1  2  1 1 2 
    
Find:

a) A+2B d) AB g) (AB)-1

b) A+AB+AC e) BtAt h) (B-1A-1)

c) At f) A-1

Section B: “systems of linear equations”

Solve each of the following using Gauss Elimination method, Cramer’s

method and the inverse matrix method:

1) X + Y+ Z = 2 3) 5Y +7Z = 2
X +2Y –Z = 0 6X +9Y+8Z= 5
2X -Z = 1 2X +3Y + 3Z = 2
(sol: x= 1 ,y = 0, z=1) (Sol: x= 1 ,y = -1, z =1)

2) 2X+ Y+ Z = 8 4) Y +Z+2X = 1
4X+Y = 11 4X + Y = -2
-2X+2Y+Z= 3 Z - 2X + Y = 7
(sol: x= 2 ,y =3, z=1) (sol: x= -1 ,y = 2, z=1)

Applications:
Models involving systems of linear equations:

1. curve fitting :
Determine the equation of the second-degree polynomial, which passes
through the following points:
(sol. y  1  3 x  x )
2
a) (1,3), (0,-1), (2,9).
b) (-1,4), (0,1) , (1,4) (sol. y  3 x 2  1 )

Page 26
 Sheet#5
Linear Algebra
Classroom Exercises

Section A: “Matrix algebra”

Given:
 3  2 0  1 1 0 1 1 2 
     
A    2 3  2  , B  1  1 1  And C  1 2 3 
 0 6 5  0 3  2  0 1 3 
     
Find:

a) AB
d) BtAt g) (AB)-1
b) AC+AB+2B
C e) C-1 h) (B-1A-1)

c) AI+2C-3B f) (Ct)-1 i) (B-1A-1)-1

Section B: “systems of linear equations”

Solve each of the following using Gauss Elimination method, Cramer’s

method and the inverse matrix method:

1) 2X + 2Y – Z = -6 3) X + 2Y +Z = 3
X – 2Z = -3 2X –4Y =4
-3X +Y + 4Z = 2 5X -2Y - 6Z = 4
(sol: x= 1 ,y = -3, z=2) (Sol: x= 2 ,y = 0, z=1)

2) X+ Y- Z = 3 4) X -2Y =3
2Z +2Y = 4 2X + Y +2Z = 5
Y+4X-3Z= -2 3X – Y - Z = 2
(sol: x= -3 ,y =4, z=-2) (sol: x= 1 ,y = -1, z=2)

Applications:
Models involving systems of linear equations:

1. curve fitting :
Determine the equation of the second-degree polynomial, which passes
through the following points:
a) (1,6), (2,3), (3,2). (sol. y  11  6 x  x 2 )
(sol. y  2 x  x  4 )
2
b) (0,4), (1,7) , (3,25)

Page 27
 Homework#5
Given:

 2 3 0 1 1 2    2  4  2
     
A  5 2 1  , B  1 1 3  and C   6  2  4
 0 3 4 0 2 4 0  5  7 
     

Find:

a) BA+BC+B2 d) (Bt)-1 g) BA- B-1

b) B-1 e) (BA) t h) (AB) t (Bt At)-1

c) At f) AtBt i) B ((A – B) B-1)

Solve using Gauss Elimination method then resolve using

Cramer’s method:
1) X - 2Y =7 3) X-Y +Z=1
2X +4Y + Z = -3 2X+Y+Z =4
-2X +Y + 2Z = 9 Y-2X = -1
(sol: x= 1 ,y = -3, z=7) (sol: x= 1 ,y = 1, z=1)

2) X-Y =4 4) -Y +3Z = 5
2X+Y+Z = 0 2X +5Z = 10
Y-2X+2Z = -3 3X + 3Y -4Z = -5
(sol: x= 1 ,y = -3, z=1) (sol: x= 0 ,y = 1, z=2)

Applications:
a) Models involving systems of linear equations :

1. curve fitting :
Determine the equation of the second-degree polynomial that passes through
the following points:
i) (0,1), (1,0) , (2,5). (sol: y  3x 2  4 x  1 )
(sol: y  x  2 x )
2
ii) (2,8), (1,3) , (3,15)

Page 28
 Appendix A “Graphics”

1) Polar Graphs:

Cardioid
Figure1.1 r  a(1  sin) , Figure1.2 r  a(1  sin) , Figure1.3 r  a(1  cos )
and Figure1.4 r  a(1  cos )

Lemniscate
Figure1.5 r 2  a 2 cos 2 ,

Circle
Figure1.6 r  a , Figure1.7 r  a cos 

Page29
2) Parametric Graphs:

Cycloid
Figure2-1 x  a  a sin , y  a  a cos 

Hypocycloid
Figure2-2 x  a cos 3  , y  a sin3 

Page30
 Appendix B
“Answers to H.W Problems”

H.W#1

1) 1
2
x 8  2x  c 18) 2 1  sin2 x  c
x
2
2) 1 e 5x c ax
5 19) c
2 ln a
3) 1 tan 7x
7
c
1 e x  4 x 3
2
20) 2
c
4) tan(lnx) + c
21) 1 (1  3x 2 ) 3 / 2 c
9
5) 1 Ln sin(5x-7) +c
5
22) 1
2
lnlnx2 +c
1 2
6) 2
tan x +c
23) 1
2
( sin-1x)2 +c
2
7) ln x +c
24) 1 ln( sec(7x-2) + tan(7x-2) ) +c
8) 1 (x 2
3
 1) 3/ 2
c 7

25) 1 (5 tanx – 3)-5 +c

25
9) 1
4
ln sec4z – 4lnsin(z/4)
+c 26) ln tanx +c

10) 2
3
x3  1 c 27) 1 cot x +c


11) – cosecx +c 28) 1 (ex+3)6+c

6

12) 2tanx + secx – x +c 1 cos ec3x

29) 3
c
13) sin-1lnx +c
30) sin-1(x/3) +c
14) 2 tan x  1  c
31) tan-1 ex +c
15) ln sin-1x +c
32) 3
50
ln(25x2+49) + 50
2 tan-1(5x/7) + c

16) ln ln lnx +c
33) tan-1lnx +c
17) 1
2
(tanx – x) +c
34) x+c

Page31
 H.W#2

1) x tanx – ln secx +c 14) 2x + 3 x2 + 1 tan-1(x/2)

2 2
+ 12 ln(x2+4) + c
2) x tan-1x + 1
2
ln(1+x2) + c

15) 1 ln(x-3) – ln(x-2) + 1 ln(x-1) +c

3) x ln(x-1) + x +ln(x-1) +c 2 2

16) 1 1 ln(x+5) +c
ln(x+1) - 13 ln(x+2) + 12
4) x ( 12 x + 1
4
sin2x) - 4

( 14 x2+ 18 cos2x)+c
17) 8 ln(x-7) + 7 ln(x+3) +c
5 5

5) 1
5
x2 e5x - 2 x
25
e5x + 125
2 e5x +c
18) 2ln(x-1) +2tan-1x –ln(x2+1) +c
6) x2 sinx + 2xcosx – 2 sinx +c
19) 1
3
x3 + 12 x2 +4x +5ln(x-2) –3ln(x+2)
7) 1 (x+4) e2x-3 - 1 e2x-3 + c +2lnx +c
2 4

20) ln(x-1) – ln(x-3) +c

8) 30 ex cos3x + 10 ex sin3x +c

1 5 4 4 5 21) 2ln(x2+4) +tan-1x –3ln(x+5) +c

9) 5
x ln x - 25
x +c
22) ln(x-1) +ln(x+1) –ln(x2+1) +c
10) x tanx – ln secx - 1
2
x2 + c
6
23) 3
2
x2 +2x +6ln(x-1) + –6lnx +c
11) 1 x 3x - 1 3x +c x
ln 3 (ln 3 )2

24) x + 72 ln(x-2) + 32 ln(x+2)+c

5 2x 5 2x
12) 2
xe - 4
e +c
25) ln(x-1) +(x-1)-1 –2(x-1)2 –lnx +c
1 2 3
13) 6
(1+x ) + c
26) tan-1x – (x+1)-1 +c

H.W#3

1) 1 sin6x – 14 sin8x + 10
1 sin10x 4) –cosecx –x +c
6
+c 1 (tanx)-2
5) 2
+ln tanx +c
1 cos 12 1 cos x +c 10
2) 12
x - 10
6) 1
8
sec8x - 16 sec6x +c
3) 1 x2 + 1 cos10x +c
16 128
7) 1
9
sec9x - 71 sec7x +c

Page32
 1 7 9 15) 1 ln ( x  56 )  3x 2  5x +c
8) 7
tan x - 19 tan x +c 3

9) 1 sin3x - 15 sin5x +c 16) ln(x2-8x) + 1

4
ln( x/(8-x) ) +c
3

10) 1 tan-1(x-1) +c 17) 1

4
4x 2  4x  9
2
+2 ln ( x  1)  ( x  1) 2  54 +c
11) ln x  x 2  9 +c
18) 3
2
ln(x2+2x+2) – 4tan-1(x+1) +c
12) ln z  1  z 2  2z +c
19) 1
2
tan-1( 12 tanx - 1) +c

1 sin1 ( 2x  3 / 4 )
13) 2
+c 20) 1
2
tan-1( 1 (10x - 3)) +c
7 3

22 ( x 4 )
14) 1 ln c
2 22 22 ( x 4 )

25) 1 (cos x 1  cos 2 x  ln cos x  1  cos 2 x +c

2

26) 1 (ln x
2
(ln x  2) 2  1  ln ln x  (ln x  2) 2  1 +c

27) 1 (ln sin 2x  (sin 2x  1`) 2  4 +c

2

28) 2 tan 1 ( sinx ) +c

3 3

H.W#4

1)  5) 2/15 9) A= 14/3 , Vx=72  /5

2
6) 8/15 10) A =4  , Vx=128  /3
2) 21.932
7) 1[ 2  ln(1  2 )] 11) A =9  /8 , Vy=9 2 
3)  2
4
12) A =1/3 , Vx=3  /10
4)  8) A = 9, Vx=72 
4 13) A =3/4,Vx=1.96452 

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14) A = 6 19) A = 5  a2 /4 24) 6

15) A = 6  3 2 25) –1
20) A =(  )a
6 2
16) A = (5  /4 -2) a2 21) 3.09972 26) ½

17) A = (2-  /4) a2 2 1

22) 0.43896 27) 
 2
18) A = a2  /4 23) 8
29) –1

H.W#5

1 1 2   7 7 10 
   
a) 1 1 3  e)  11 14 16 
 0 2 4  9 13 18 
   

 2 0 1  f) (BA)T
1 
b)   4 4  1 
2    6 11 19 / 2 
2  2 0   
g)  5 16 25 / 2 
 11 15 18 
2 5 0  
 
c)  3 2 3
0 1 4  h) I
 
 19  14 0 
d) (B-1)T  
i)  21  16 1 / 2 
 24  16  1 
 

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