ANALYSIS OF RCC STRUCTURE USING STAAD PRO

SOFTWARE TRAINING REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

specialization in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted By Submitted To
Ifham Khan Ms. Aarushi Gupta
(40615603418) Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DR. AKHILESH DAS GUPTA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
(FORMERLY NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE)
(AFFLIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI)
SHASTRI PARK, DELHI-110053
DECEMBER 2021
 DECLARATION

It is hereby certified that the work which is being presented in the B. Tech Industrial Training
Report entitled “STAAD PRO” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology and submitted in the Department of Civil Engineering of Dr.
Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management (Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University, Delhi) is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a
period from 7th June 2021 to 18th July 2021 under Shape My Skills, Noida.

The matter presented in the B. Tech Industrial Training Report has not been submitted by me
for the award of any other degree of this or any other Institute.

Ifham Khan
(40615603418)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge. He is permitted to appear in the External Industrial Training Examination.

Ms. Aarushi Gupta

Assistant Professor

The B. Tech Software Training External Examination of Ifham Khan (40615603418) has been
held on Date of External.

Signature of External Examiner

Ⅰ
CERTIFICATE

Ⅱ
Ⅲ
 ABSTRACT

RCC is most commonly used in construction of residential and commercial buildings. In this
project a G+3 residential building has been analyzed and designed using STAAD. Pro V8I
software.

STAAD. Pro V8I is a structural analysis and design software which widely used to analyze and
design different types of structures.

Modelling of structural drawing in STAAD. Pro, assigning section properties, assigning

supports, Analysis of 2D and 3D frame, Calculation of various loads from the structural
drawing, assigning the loads, design and detailing of beams and columns, design of footing and
slab were the topics covered in the training.

Ⅳ
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Sameer (Structure Engineer) for his valuable
suggestions, motivation, guidance and support throughout the training.

I am very thankful to Ms. Aarushi Gupta, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering, for her valuable guidance as my industrial training coordinator. I am also thankful
to Ms. Shikha Sachan, Departmental Incharge, Department of Civil Engineering for her
valuable guidance and support.

I am also thankful to Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay Kumar, Director, Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of
Technology & Management for providing the support to carry out my training efficiently.

Ifham Khan
(40615603418)

Ⅴ
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Particulars Page No.

DECLARATION Ⅰ
CERTIFICATE Ⅱ
ABSTRACT Ⅳ
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Ⅴ
TABLE OF CONTENT Ⅵ
LIST OF FIGURES VII
LIST OF TABLES VIII
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objectives of software Training 1
CHAPTER-2 MODELLING OF 2-5
STRUCTURE
2.1 Structural Components 2
2.2 Application of loads 4
CHAPTER-3 RESULTS 6
3.1 Column results 6
3.2 Beam results 6
CHAPTER- 4 FOUNDATION AND 7-10
FOOTING
4.1 Deep Foundation 7
4.2 Shallow Foundation 8
CHAPTER- 5 DESIGN OF
FOUNDATION
11-14
CHAPTER-6 CONCLUSION 15
REFERENCES
ANNEXURES

Ⅵ
LIST OF FIGURES

Fig.2. Structural Components 3

1
Fig.2. Model of RCC structure is STAAD.PRO 3
2
Fig.2. Application of loads 5
3
Fig.4. Deep Foundation 7
1
Fig.4. Isolated Footing 8
2
Fig.4. Combined Footing 9
3
Fig.4. Mat Footing 9
4
Fig.4. Strap Footing 10
5
Fig.5. Designed footing 14
1
Fig.4. Variation of Shear Strength with varying Dolime Content 14
9
 VII
LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Structural Parameters 4

Table 2.2 Seismic Parameters 5
Table 3.1 Column Results 6
Table 3.2 Beam Results 6
Table 5.1 Footing Size Design 11
Table 5.2 Slab Design 12
Table 5.3 Shear Check 13
 VIII
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCION
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), is a composite material in which concrete's relatively

low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having
higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel
bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets.

In RCC framed structure, the load is transferred from a slab to the beam then to the columns,
further to the lower columns, and finally to the foundation which transfers the load to the soil,
the walls are constructed after the frame is prepared. RCC buildings can be installed on any type
of soil.

STAAD PRO

STAAD.Pro is a structural analysis and design software application. It is one of the most widely
used structural analysis and design software products worldwide. It can apply more than 90
international steel, concrete, timber and aluminum design codes to analyze and design
structures.
STAAD.Pro can be used for analysis and design of all types of structural projects from plants,
buildings, and bridges to towers, tunnels, metro stations, water/wastewater treatment plants and
more.
The IS codes which were used are IS 456: 2000 for particular beam, column and slab, and loads
are dead load, imposed load and external load considered according to IS 875:2000(PART
I&II). It is then checked in STAAD.PRO. V8i.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING

Objectives of the training are presented as below:

⮚ To analyze the RCC structure in STAAD.Pro

⮚ To compute the values of displacement, shear force, axial force and bending moment.

⮚ To learn about types of footings and design the footing for RCC structure.

1
 CHAPTER-2
MODELLING OF STRUCTURE

2.1 STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

NODE

Modelling of structure is done by assigning the node coordinates in the software and
connecting them with vertical and horizontal members. Node is a stiffed joint with 6
reactions. It is located at each end of Beam, and each corner of Plate. Nodes are considered
the essence of the geometry of any structure in STAAD.Pro.

BEAM

A beam is a horizontal structural member that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the
beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam
result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting
on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beams, that in turn
induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their
manner of support, shape of cross-section, equilibrium conditions, length, and their material.

COLUMN

The structural construction elements that bear and transmit vertical loads is known as
column. It is a compression member. A reinforced concrete column is a structural member
designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to
provide reinforcement. Columns are characterized by shape of cross-section, length, material
and moments.

SUPPORTS

A structural support is a part of a building or structure that provides the necessary stiffness
and strength in order to resist the internal forces (vertical forces of gravity and lateral forces
due to wind and earthquakes) and guide them safely to the ground. External loads (actions of
other bodies) that act on buildings cause internal forces (forces and couples by the rest of the
structure) in building support structures. Supports can be either at the end or at any
intermediate point along a structural member or a constituent part of a building and they are
referred to as connections, joints or restraints.

2
 Fig 2.1. Structural Components

The above figure shows the various structural components modelled in STAAD.Pro.

Fig 2.2 Model of RCC structure in STAAD.Pro

The above figure shows the model of RCC structure in STAAD.Pro with dimensions.

3
 2.2 APPLICATION OF LOADS
STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS

Modelling of structure and application of loads was done based on the following structural
and seismic parameters.

Table 2.1 Structural Parameters

PARAMETER VALUE REFERENCE

Storeys G+3

Floor Height 2.835m

Plan Area (dx x dz) 7.62m x 8.23m Architectural Drawing

External wall thickness 230mm

Internal wall thickness 115mm

Size of beam 350mm x 230mm

Size of column 300mm x 300mm

IS 456 2000
Thickness of slab 100mm

Grade of Concrete M20

Live Load 1.5 KN/m2 IS 875 PART II

Floor Finish Load 1 KN/m2

Unit Weight of Masonry 19 KN/m3 IS 875 PART 1

Unit Weight of Concrete 25 KN/m3

The above data was used to model the structure, the architectural plan of a residential RCC
building was collected from an engineering firm.

4
PARAMETER VALUE REFERENCE
 Seismic Zone IV

Importance Factor (I) 1.2

Response Reduction Factor (R) 5

IS 1893 PART I
2016
Soil and site factor (SS) 2

Type of Structure 1 (RCC)

Damping Ratio 5%
Table 2.2 Seismic Parameters

The above seismic parameters were used for the analysis of structure, the methodology
adopted was static analysis.

Fig 2.3 Application of loads

The above figure shows the various applied loads on the RCC frame in STAAD.Pro

5
CHAPTER-3
RESULTS
3.1 COLUMN RESULTS
The results were checked for the critical column i.e., the column which has the maximum
load acting on it.

Table 3.1 Column Results

PARAMETER VALUE
Maximum Displacement 41.488 mm
Maximum Shear Force 34.573 KN
Maximum Bending Moment 49.081 KN
Maximum Axial Force 29.306 KN

The above results were obtained from the post processing mode for the envelope load case in
STAAD.Pro

3.2 BEAM RESULTS

The results were checked for the beam with the longest span.

Table 3.2 Beam Results

PARAMETER VALUE

Maximum Displacement 41.488 mm

Maximum Shear Force 34.573 KN

Maximum Bending Moment 49.081 KN

Maximum Axial Force 29.306 KN

The above results were obtained from the post processing mode for the envelope load case in
STAAD.Pro

6
CHAPTER-4
FOUNDATION AND FOOTING
4.1 DEEP FOUNDATION

Foundations provide support to the structure, transfers the loads from the structure to the
soil. When depth of the foundation is more than the maximum base dimension, then the
foundation is called deep foundation. It is generally used for big structures or when the soil
quality is poor. The following are the types of deep foundation: -

PILE FOUNDATION

It is the most widely used deep foundation. In pile foundation, a slender column or long
cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel is used to support the structure and
transfer the load at desired depth either by end bearing or skin friction. This pile is covered
by a pile cap. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its
breadth.

WELL FOUNDATION

Well Foundation is the type of deep foundation which is mainly equipped below the water
level for bridges. It is a ready-made hollow cylinder depressed into the soil up to the desired
level and then filled with concrete, which ultimately converts to a foundation.

Fig 4.1 Deep Foundation

The above figure shows the elements of a deep foundation type, piled foundation

4.2 SHALLOW FOUNDATION

A foundation is categorized as shallow when its maximum base dimension is greater than the
depth of foundation. Foundation depth is low and it is also economical. It is widely used in
lightweight structures. The different types of shallow foundations are as follows: -

ISOLATED FOOTING

In this system, a separate footing is provided for each individual column. is the most widely
used and most economical shallow foundation type. Its also easy to design as the size of the
footing can be roughly calculated by dividing the total load at the column base by the
allowable bearing capacity of the soil. They are generally used for ordinary buildings.

Fig 4.2 Isolated Footing

The above figure shows the isolated footings system at a construction site.

COMBINED FOOTING

While designing the isolated footing, if they area of footing for two columns overlap, then a
combined footing is used for both the sections. It is fundamentally a blend of different
footings, which uses the properties of various balances in a single-footing dependent on the
necessity of the structure.

8
 Fig 4.3 Combined Footing

The above diagram shows combined footings, its main objective is the uniform distribution
of loads under the entire area of footing

MAT FOUNDATION

When the total plan area is less than or equal to half the sum of areas of individual footings,
mat foundation is provided. It is a single footing provided for all the columns. It is used in
situations where the bearing capacity of the soil is inadequate, the load of the structure is to
be distributed over a large area or structure is subjected continuously to shocks or jerks.

Fig 4.4 Mat foundation

The above figure shows the use of mat foundation at a construction site.

9
STRAP FOOTING

Strap footings are similar to combined footings. To fully utilize the limited plot area,
columns may be provided at edges which might result in footing for that column to end up
outside the plot area, in this case the exterior footing is connected by a strap beam with
interior footing. This type of shallow foundation is called strap footing.
 Fig 4.5 Strap Footing

The above figure shows the strap footing system, the two individual footings are connected
with a strap beam.

10
 CHAPTER-5
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Isolated footing system was used as the foundation of the residential RCC structure. The footing
was designed using excel spreadsheet referring to IS 456 2000.

Table 5.1 Footing size design

             
             
  Load Pu 350 KN      
  Design Load P 257 KN      
             
  Moment in x dir Mux 20 KN-m      
  Moment in yzdir Muz 19 KN-m      
             
  Column size cx 305 mm      
    cy 305 mm      
             
  SBC q 120 KN/sqm      
             
  Footing Size required A req 2.14 sqmm      
             
  L 1.75 meters  
Footing Size Provided
  B 1.75 meters      
  Area Provided A prvd 3.06 meters      
             
    Zx 0.89      
    Zx 0.89      
             
  Net upward pressure Nup 113 KNm2      
             
    Footing Size OK      
             

The above table was used to design the size of the footing, since the area provided is more
than the required area, the footing size is ok.

11
Table 5.2 Slab Design
             
     lx 0.723      
    ly 0.723      
             
  Bending Moment in x Mx 44 KN-m      
  Bending Moment in z Mz 44 KN-m      
             
  Concrete fck 20 MPa      
  Steel fy 500 MPa      
             
Minimum Depth
  Required dmin 129   258.09888  
             
  Depth Provided D 340 mm      
  Clear Cover c 50 mm      
  Effective Cover d' 56 mm      
  Effective Depth d' 284 mm      
             
  Spacing c/c in mm    
Area of Steel
  12# 16# 20#    
  370 sqmm 306 c/c 543 c/c 849 c/c    
  370 sqmm 306 c/c 543 c/c 849 c/c    
           
           
             
@ 200 mm
Ast across x direction 12 mm dia 565 sqmm
  c/c  
@ 200 mm
Ast across y direction 12 mm dia 565 sqmm
  c/c  
             

The above table is the design of slab of the footing, steel bars of 12mm diameter were
provided at a distance of 200mm center to center.

12
 Table 5.3 Shear Check
             
3 One Way Shear along x direction        
             
    Vu1 130 KN      
    ζv 0.262 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.270 MPa      
    Vc1 134 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
4 One Way Shear along y direction        
             
    Vu1 130 KN      
    ζv 0.262 MPa      
             
    ζc 0.270 MPa      
    Vc1 134 KN      
             
    One Way Shear Check OK      
             
             
5 Two Way Shear          
    Vu2 460 KN      
    ζv 0.687 MPa      
             
    ks*ζc 1.118 MPa      
    Vc1 748 KN      
             
    Two Way Shear Check OK      
             

The above table was used for shear check after the design of foundation to prevent
displacement or overturning.

13
 L= 1.75 meters

305

305
B= 1.75 meters

340 mm
150 mm

12 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c 12 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

Fig 5.1 Designed footing

The above isolated footing was designed for the residential RCC building.

14
 CHAPTER- 6
CONCLUSION

⮚ The residential RCC building was successfully analyzed using STAAD.Pro software, the
software had a user-friendly interface and the latest design codes.
⮚ The values of displacement, shear force, axial force and bending moment for the critical
beam and column were successfully checked.
⮚ The various types of foundations were studied and the isolated footing system was found to
be suitable for the RCC building.
⮚ The isolated footing was successfully designed for the analyzed RCC building.

15
 REFERENCES
[1] IS: 875(Part – 1)-1987, “Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design loads for buildings and
structures”, Part 1- Dead loads (Unit weight of Building materials and Stored materials), Bureau
of Indian standards, 1987. 20.

[2] IS: 875(Part –2)-1987, “Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design loads for buildings and
structures”, Part 2 - Imposed loads, Bureau of Indian standards, 1987. 21.

[3] IS: 1893(Part 1)-2016, “Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
structures”, Bureau of Indian Standards, 2016.

[4] IS 456:2000, “Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice”, Bureau of Indian standards,
2000.