CHAPTER 14

THE WORLD AROUND ME

Compendium

A. Solar System
B. The Sun- The Hot Ball
C. The Moon
D. The Stars- Keep Twinkling
E. The Earth- Our Blue Planet
F. Different Landforms on Earth
G. Water Bodies on Earth
H. Globe- A Model of Earth
I. Seasons
J. Bird’s Eye View
K. Solved Examples
L. Practice Yourself
M. Solutions

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A. Solar System

The sun is the centre of our

solar system. Planets revolve
around the sun. Our earth is
also a planet.
The sun does not move at all.
It is the earth that moves
around the sun.
We can see sun shining in the sky during
the day and the moon and stars shining
during the night. The sun, the moon, the
stars, the earth and all the others planets
together form the solar system.

Jupiter is the largest planet and mercury is the smallest planet of the
solar system. Each of the planet move around in their fixed path or
orbit around the sun.

B. The Sun- The Hot Ball

The sun is a large ball of fire that we

see in the sky during the day. It gives
us heat and light.
Sunlight is very important for us. It
kills germs. If there would be no
sunlight, then there would be no life
on earth.

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C. The Moon
The moon moves around the earth. We see the moon shining in the
sky at night. Its shape changes every day.

Moon has no light of its own. It shines when sunlight falls on it.

D. The Stars- Keep Twinkling

If you look up at the sky at night, you will see many stars shining
brightly.
Stars are very big and they have their own light.They look small
because they are located very far away from us.
A group of stars that forms a shape in the sky is called a constellation.

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E. The Earth- Our Blue Planet

The earth on which we all live is like an

orange. It is slightly flat on the top and
bottom. It is made of land and water.
Most part of the earth is covered with
water. That is why earth looks blue in
colour and is called the blue planet. We
live on land. It the only planet with life on
it.
It moves around the sun and at the same time it spins round and
round.

Rotation

Spinning movement of earth in its own axis is called rotation. It takes

24 hours for earth to complete one rotation. Rotation of earth causes
day and night.

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Revolution

The movement for earth around the sun is called revolution. It takes
365.24 days for earth to complete one revolution. Revolution of earth
causes seasons.

F. Different Landforms on Earth

1. Hills 2. Valleys

3. Mountains 4. Deserts

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5. Plains

G. Water Bodies on Earth

1. Rivers 2. Lakes

3. Sea 4. Ocean

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H. Globe- A Model of Earth

A model of earth is called a globe.

I. Seasons

1. Summer season

We love to have ice creams, juices,

lemonades and cold things. We
prefer wearing cotton clothes to
keep our body cool.
2. Winter season

We love to wear warm clothes like

sweaters and blankets. We enjoy
having hot coffee, tea or milk.
3.Rainy season

We carry an umbrella or wear a

raincoat when we go out.

4. Autumn season

The leaves fall from the trees in this

season.

5. Spring season

Flowers bloom in this season.

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J.
Bird’s-eye
view
• Sun is the centre of the solar system.
• There are eight planets in the solar system including our earth.
• All the planets revolve around the sun.
• The sun, the moon, the earth, the stars and all the planets
together form the solar system.
• The sun is a hot ball of fire.
• The moon changes its shape every day.
• The moon revolves around the earth.
• Stars twinkle in the sky. A group of stars forms a particular shape
in the sky that are called constellations.
• Earth is the only planet with life where we live. It is also called the
blue planet as most parts of the earth are covered with water. We
live on land.
• Earth’s rotation causes day and night.
• The revolution of earth causes different seasons.
• Earth has different landforms such as mountains, hills, desert,
valleys, hills etc.
• Earth has different water bodies like rivers, sea, lakes, oceans etc.
• A model of earth is called a globe.
• There are different seasons- summer, winter, rainy, autumn and
spring

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K. Solved examples

1. What is a model of earth called?

Ans- A globe
2. A shape formed in the sky by a group of stars are called?
Ans- Constellations
3. How many planets are there in the solar system?
Ans- Eight
4. What causes day and night?
Ans- Earth’s rotation
5. What is present in the centre of the solar system?
Ans- Sun

L. Practice yourself,

Name the following pictures.

1.

_____________________________

2.

____________________________

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3.

_
______________________________

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. ____________________ of earth causes different seasons.

2. ___________________ is called a hot ball of fire.
3. There are __________________ planets in the solar system.
4. The _________________ is called the blue planet.
5. _______________ is the largest planet in our solar system.

II. Answer the following.

1. Why do stars look small in size?

2. What do you mean by rotation of earth?

3. What is revolution of earth?

4. Why is earth called a blue planet?

5. What are constellations?

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M. Solutions

Novice level

1. Globe 2. Sun 3. Constellation

Advance level

I. 1. Revolution 2. Sun 3. eight

4. earth 5. Jupiter
II. 1. Stars look small in size because they are located very far from
us.
2. The spinning of earth in its own axis is called rotation.
3. The movement of earth around the sun is called revolution.
4. Most parts of the earth is covered with water, hence earth is
called the blue planet.
5. The shapes formed by a group of stars in the sky is called
constellation.

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