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Category 6 Power and Root Test: 1. If, Then (A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15 (E) 25
Category 6 Power and Root Test: 1. If, Then (A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15 (E) 25
1. If a = 9( 25)(45)(75) , then a =
5
answer
(A) 5
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 15
(E) 25
answer
(A) (15,376) 3
(B) (15,376 × 2) 2
(C) (15,376) 2
(D) 15,376 + 2
(E) 15,376 × 2
3. If 36.15 × 10 = n × 10 , then n =
3 6
answer
(A) 0.03615
(B) 0.3615
(C) 3.615
(D) 3,615
(E) 36,150
4. 5 12 + 513 =
answer
25
(A) 5
(B) 10 25
(C) 6(512 )
(D) 1012 + 5
(E) 2(512 ) + 5
2
1 3
1 − =
5. 2 answer
1
(A)
64
25
(B)
36
49
(C)
64
35
(D)
36
63
(E)
64
6.
(0. 01) 2 ( 0.014) + (0. 01)( 0. 0026) =
answer
(A) 0.0000166
(B) 0.0000274
(C) 0.00004
(D) 0.000166
(E) 0.0004
(B) 54 + 1
(C) 56 −1
(D) 53 × 52
(E) 58 ÷ 52
x k x n− k
8. For positive integers k and n , if k < n and x ≠ 0 , then = answer
xn
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) xk
(D) x n −k
(E) x 2( n −k )
9. 18x6 y2 − 2x2 y4 =
answer
(D) 9x y (3x − y)
4 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
10. If x = −1, the 4
+ 3+ 2+ − =
x x x x 5 answer
12
(A)
5
4
(B)
5
1
(C) −
15
1
(D) −
5
21
(E) −
5
11. Which of the following values of x will make the equation x + x = 0 true?
40 39
answer
I. −1
II. 0
III. 1
(A) II only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
12. If 2
2 x +6
= 4 , then x =
answer
(A) 2
(B) 1
(C) 0
(D) −1
(E) −2
13. 216 is
15 answer
(A) 2 more than 2
15
(B) 16 more than 2
1 32
(C) of 2
2
8
(D) 2 times 2
15
(E) 2 times 2
4 2 3
15. What is the units digit of (13) (17) ( 29) ?
answer
(A) 9
(B) 7
(C) 5
(D) 3
(E) 1
16. Four hours from now, the population of a colony of bacteria will reach 1.28 × 10 . If the
6
answer
population of the colony doubles every 4 hours, what was the population 12 hours ago?
(A) 6.4 × 10 2
(B) 8.0 × 10 4
(C) 1.6 × 10 5
(D) 3.2 × 10 5
(E) 8.0 × 10 6
17. The volume of a box with a square base is 54 cubic centimeters. If the height of the box is
answer
twice the width of the base, what is the height, in centimeters?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 6
(E) 9
18. 18 + 32 = answer
(A) 25
(B) 5 2
(C) 7 2
(D) 13 2
(E) 25 2
19. 0.0016 =
answer
(A) 0.08
(B) 0.04
(C) 0.004
(D) 0.0008
(E) 0.0004
1 3 25
⋅ ⋅ = answer
20. 2 2 10 2
12
(A)
25
3
(B)
20
2
(C)
6
2
(D)
10
2
(E)
100
22. 784 =
answer
(A) 28
(B) 32
(C) 38
(D) 56
(E) 112
23. ( 3 + 2)( 3 − 2) =
answer
(A) 3−4
(B) 6 −4
(C) − 1
(D) 1
(E) 2
24. 7 − 63 =
answer
(A) −8 7
(B) −3 7
(C) −2 7
(D) 2 7
(E) 3 7
p(1 − p )
25. If p = 0.2 and n = 100, then = answer
n
(A) − 0.002
(B) 0.02 − 0.02
(C) 0
(D) 0.04
(E) 0.4
(A) 4y 3y
(B) 3y 4y
(C) 2 12 y
(D) 3 8 y
(E) 16 y 3 y
(A) 2y
(B) y
y
(C)
2
− 4y 2
(D)
1− 4y
(E) − 2 y
(A) 2 2 −1
(B) 2 +1
(C) 1− 2
(D) 2 −1
(E) 2
q=3 3
r =1 + 2 3
s =3+ 3
29. If q, r , and s are the numbers shown above, which of the following shows their order from
answer
greatest to least?
(A) q, r , s
(B) q, s, r
(C) r , q, s
(D) s, q , r
(E) s, r , q
32. In a certain set of weights, for each positive integer n less than 10, there is one weight that
answer
weighs 2 n grams. What is the least number of such weights with a combined weight of 108
grams?
(A) Three
(B) Four
(C) Five
(D) Six
(E) Seven
answer
(A) 2 −1
16
(B) 2 +1
16
(C) 2 32 − 1
(D) 2128 − 1
(E) 216 (216 − 1)
34. If s , u , and v are positive integers and 2 s = 2 u + 2 v , which of the following must be
answer
true?
I. s =u
II. u≠v
III. s >v
(A) None
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) II and III
35. If t = 2
x +1 x
, then in terms of t , 4 is
answer
(A) t
t
(B)
2
2
(C) t
t2
(D)
2
t2
(E)
4
1
36. If x is a positive number and the square root of x is equal to 2x , then x = answer
2
1
(A)
16
1
(B)
4
1
(C)
2
(D) 2
(E) 8
38. If an integer raised to the fifth power is odd, then the integer must be which of the following?
answer
I. Odd
II. Even
III. Positive
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III
(E) II and III
39. A computer can perform 1,000,000 calculations per second. At this rate, how many hours answer
will it take this computer to perform the 3.6×10 calculations required to solve a certain
11
problem?
(A) 60
(B) 100
(C) 600
(D) 1,000
(E) 6,000
x+ y
40. If x = 4 and y = 16 , then is closest to which of the following?
answer
xy
1 1 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 1
3 2 4 8
74 − 1
=?
42.
8(7 2 + 1) answer
(A) 6
(B) 6.25
(C) 7
(D) 8
(E) 48
1. If a = 9( 25)(45)(75) , then a =
5
(A) 5
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 15
(E) 25
(A) (15,376) 3
(B) (15,376 × 2)
2
2
(C) (15,376)
(D) 15,376 + 2
(E) 15,376 × 2
& 답은 (D)입니다.
3. If 36.15 × 10 = n × 10 , then n =
3 6
(A) 0.03615
(B) 0.3615
(C) 3.615
(D) 3,615
(E) 36,150
& 답은 (A)입니다.
4. 5 12 + 513 =
(A) 5 25
(B) 10 25
(C) 6(512 )
(D) 1012 + 5
(E) 2(512 ) + 5
& 답은 (C)입니다.
2
1 3
1 − =
5. 2
1
(A)
64
25
(B)
36
49
(C)
64
35
(D)
36
63
(E)
64
2
1 3 1
2
7
2
1 − = 1 − =
2 8 8
& 답은 (C)입니다.
6.
(0. 01) 2 ( 0.014) + (0. 01)( 0. 0026) =
(A) 0.0000166
(B) 0.0000274
(C) 0.00004
(D) 0.000166
(E) 0.0004
2
1 14 1 26
(0. 01) ( 0.014) + ( 0. 01)( 0.0026) = 2 3 + 2 4
2
10 10 10 10
& 답은 (B)입니다.
53 × 52 = 53+2 = 55 , 58 ÷ 52 = 58−2 = 56
& 답은 (E)입니다.
x k x n− k
8. For positive integers k and n , if k < n and x ≠ 0 , then =
xn
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) xk
(D) x n −k
(E) x 2( n −k )
x k x n− k
n
= x k + n− k − n = x 0
x
& 답은 (B)입니다.
9. 18x6 y2 − 2x2 y4 =
(D) 9x y (3x − y)
4 2 2
& 답은 (E)입니다.
1 1 1 1 1
10. If x = −1, the 4
+ 3+ 2+ − =
x x x x 5
12 4 1 1 21
(A) (B) (C) − (D) − (E) −
5 5 15 5 5
& 답은 (D)입니다.
11. Which of the following values of x will make the equation x + x = 0 true?
40 39
I. −1
II. 0
III. 1
(A) II only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
& 답은 (B)입니다.
12. If 2
2 x +6
= 4 , then x =
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) −1 (E) −2
13. 216 is
15
(A) 2 more than 2
15
(B) 16 more than 2
1 32
(C) of 2
2
8
(D) 2 times 2
15
(E) 2 times 2
2
하나의 항이기 때문에 35 보다 큰 수라는 것을 알 수 있습니다.
& 답은 (E)입니다.
4 2 3
15. What is the units digit of (13) (17) ( 29) ?
(A) 9
(B) 7
(C) 5
(D) 3
(E) 1
4 2 3
“units digit”이란 일자리의 숫자를 의미합니다. (13) (17) ( 29) 의 일자리 숫자를 알기 위해
서는 전체 숫자간의 계산은 생략하고 단지 각 숫자의 일자리 숫자만을 계산하면 됩니다. 즉,
13 4 의 일자리 수인 3을 4승한 숫자의 일자리 수는 1, 17 4 의 일자리 수인 7을 제곱하면
3
일자리 수는 9, 29 의 일자리 수인 9를 3승한 숫자의 일자리 수는 9입니다. 이렇케 구해진
일자의 숫자를 곱하면 문제에 대한 답을 할 수 있습니다.
& 답은 (E)입니다.
16. Four hours from now, the population of a colony of bacteria will reach 1.28 × 10 . If the
6
population of the colony doubles every 4 hours, what was the population 12 hours ago?
(A) 6.4 × 10 2
(B) 8.0 × 10 4
(C) 1.6 × 10
5
(D) 3.2 × 10
5
(E) 8.0 × 10 6
6.4 × 105
= 8.0 × 104
23
& 답은 (B)입니다.
17. The volume of a box with a square base is 54 cubic centimeters. If the height of the box is
twice the width of the base, what is the height, in centimeters?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 9
3
정사각형의 바닥면을 가지고 있는 상자의(a box with a square base) 체적이 54cm (54 cubic
centimeters)일 때 상자의 높이는 바닥면 폭 길이의 2배라고 합니다. 이럴 때 높이의 길이를
물어 보고 있습니다. 우선 직육면체의 체적을 구하는 공식은 v = l × h × w 입니다. 문제에 주
어진 직육면체는 바닥면의 폭과 넓이가 같고( l = w ) 높이가 폭의 두 배이기( h = 2l ) 때문에
다음 식을 풀면 높이를 알 수 있습니다.
54 = 2l 3
& 답은 (D)입니다.
18. 18 + 32 =
(A) 25
(B) 5 2
(C) 7 2
(D) 13 2
(E) 25 2
18 + 32 = 3 2 + 4 2 = 7 2
: 답은 (C)입니다. :
19. 0.0016 =
(A) 0.8
(B) 0.4
(C) 0.04
(D) 0.008
(E) 0.004
16 4
0.0016 = =
10000 100
& 답은 (C)입니다.
1 3 25
⋅ ⋅ =
20. 2 2 10 2
12
(A)
25
3
(B)
20
2
(C)
6
2
(D)
10
2
(E)
100
1 3 25 3 × 25 3 × 2 5−1 3 × 2 4 −2 12
⋅ ⋅ 2 = = = =
2 2 10 2 × 10 2 2 2 × 25 25 25
& 답은 (A)입니다.
8.9(198 .7)
21. Of the following, which is the closest approximation to ?
18
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 10 (D) 30 (E) 100
8.9(198.7 ) 9 × 200
≅
18 18
& 답은 (C)입니다.
22. 784 =
(A) 28
(B) 32
(C) 38
(D) 56
(E) 112
& 답은 (A)입니다.
23. ( 3 + 2)( 3 − 2) =
( 3 + 2)( 3 − 2) = ( 3 ) 2 − 4 = −1
& 답은 (C)입니다.
24. 7 − 63 =
(A) −8 7
(B) − 3 7
(C) −2 7
(D) 2 7
(E) 3 7
7 − 3 2 × 7 = 7 − 3 7 = −2 7
& 답은 (C)입니다.
p(1 − p )
25. If p = 0.2 and n = 100, then =
n
(A) − 0.002
(B) 0.02 − 0.02
(C) 0
(D) 0.04
(E) 0.4
(A) 4y 3y
(B) 3y 4y
(C) 2 12 y
(D) 3 8 y
(E) 16 y 3 y
48 y 3 = 2 4 × 3 × y 3 = 22 y 3 y =
& 답은 ( A)입니다.
(A) 2y
(B) y
y
(C)
2
− 4y 2
(D)
1− 4y
(E) − 2 y
(x )2 = ( ) (x − 2 y )2 = 0
2
4 xy − 4 y 2 x 2 = 4 xy − 4 y 2 x 2 − 4 xy + 4 y 2 = 0
& 답은 (A)입니다.
(E) 2
:: 답은 (E)입니다. ::
q=3 3
r =1 + 2 3
s =3+ 3
29. If q, r , and s are the numbers shown above, which of the following shows their order from
greatest to least?
(A) q, r , s
(B) q, s, r
(C) r , q, s
(D) s, q , r
(E) s, r , q
q > r 입니다.
q − s = 3 3 − (3 + 3 ) = 2 3 − 3 , 2 3 은 12 , 3 은 9 이므로 q − s 는 양수이므로
& 답은 (B)입니다.
(A) 21 and 22
(B) 22 and 23
(C) 23 and 24
(D) 24 and 25
(E) 25 and 26
463 을 제곱하면 463입니다. 따라서 보기에 주어진 숫자를 제곱하여 463이 속하는 구간을
가지고 있는 보기가 답이 됩니다.
212 = 441 , 22 2 = 484
따라서 21 463 < 22 입니다.
& 답은 (A)입니다.
단 제외시켜야 하죠:
( 2 = 4 ) + ( 2 = 8 ) + ( 2 = 32 ) +( 2 = 64 ) = 108
2 3 5 6
ÿ 답은 (B)입니다.
(A) 2
16
−1
(B) 2 +1 16
(C) 2 − 1
32
(D) 2 − 1
128
(E) 2 (2 − 1)
16 16
공식: (a + b)(a − b ) = a − b ⇒ 2 − 1 2 + 1 = 2 − 1 ⇒
2 2
( )( ) 2 2 4
(2 4
)(
− 1 24 + 1 = 28 − 1 ⇒) (2 − 1)(2 + 1) = 2 − 1
8 8 16
ÿ 정답은 (A)
34. If s , u , and v are positive integers and 2 s = 2 u + 2 v , which of the following must be
true?
I. s =u
II. u≠v
III. s >v
(A) None
(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) II and III
35. If t = 2
x +1 x
, then in terms of t , 4 is
t t2 t2
(A) t (B) (C) t2 (D) (E)
2 2 4
( )
2
t t 2
t = 2 × 2 ⇒ 2 = ⇒ 4 x = , 한 가지 유의할 사항은 2 x = 2 2 x ⇒ 4 x 로 바뀌는 것
x x
2 2
x2
이지 2 로 바뀌는 것이 아닙니다. 주의하세요!
ÿ 정답은 (E)
1
36. If x is a positive number and the square root of x is equal to 2x , then x =
2
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2 (E) 8
16 4 2
ÿ 정답은 (A)
ÿ 정답은 (D)
38. If an integer raised to the fifth power is odd, then the integer must be which of the following?
(I) Odd
(II) Even
(III) Positive
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III (E) II and III
ÿ 정답은 (A)
39. A computer can perform 1,000,000 calculations per second. At this rate, how many hours
will it take this computer to perform the 3.6×10 calculations required to solve a certain
11
problem?
(A) 60 (B) 100 (C) 600 (D) 1,000 (E) 6,000
3.6 × 1011
시간은 6
= 3.6 × 10 5 per second. 다시 3.6 × 10 5 을 hours로 바꿔주면
10
3.6 × 10 5
= 100 hours
60 × 60
ÿ 정답은 (B)
x+ y
40. If x = 4 and y = 16 , then is closest to which of the following?
xy
1 1 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 1
3 2 4 8
일단 x+ y ≠ x+ y
5 에 대입하면 근사치는
1
이것을
4 2
ÿ 정답은 (B)
ÿ 정답은 (A)
74 − 1
=
42.
8(7 2 + 1)
( )( )
7 4 − 1 = 7 2 − 1 7 2 + 1 = (7 + 1)( 7 − 1)(7 2 + 1) 을 위에 식에 대입하면 남는 것은 6이네요.
ÿ 정답은 (A)
l m
a m b = m ab
m n m+ n
l x × x = x
m
a a
l = m
m
b b
x m−n , m > n
x m
l n
= 1, m = n
x 1 ,m < n
x n− m
l m n
a = mn a = n m
a
l (n a)m = n am
amp = n a m
np
l
m n m•n
l (x ) = x
l (xy)
m
= xm y m
−n 1
l x
0
= 1, (단 x ≠ 0) ; x =
xn
m
l an = n am