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Checklist THE Neotropical Snake Genus Liophis Country: KEY AND TO
Checklist THE Neotropical Snake Genus Liophis Country: KEY AND TO
Checklist THE Neotropical Snake Genus Liophis Country: KEY AND TO
TO THE
JAMES R. DIXON
LtDi<»^>ri;
SMITHSONIAN
HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SERVICE
NO. 79
1989
SMITHSONIAN
HERPETOLOGICAL
INFORMATION
SERVICE
Some species have been recognized since 1758 and others as recently as
1987. Some species are represented in collections by only a few specimens
(L. atraventer, L. problematicus )
. by several hundred (most species), or over
a thousand (L. miliaris, L. poeciloqyrus ). Taxonomic data are generally
adequate for most taxa.
The checklist contains the accepted name and its author, followed by
primary synonomies, their author(s), date, page number, and type locality.
The primary synonomies are followed by the author, date, and page number of
the first proper usage of the epithet, if necessary for clarification.
Species are arranged alphabetically. Subspecies are also arranged
alphabetically under each species, except for the nominate race, which is
placed first. Synonomies for subspecies follow the accepted name, arranged
in alphabetical order, followed by the author(s) name(s). A statement of
distribution follows the synonomy of each species and subspecies, along with
a citation denoting a publication with a distribution map.
KEY TO SPECIES OF LIOPHIS
7. a Seven supralabials 8
b Eight supralabials 9
13 a
. One preocul ar 14
b Two preocul ars festae
14. a Ventral s <179 15
b Ventral s >186 frenatus
28. a Dorsum with three dark and two yellow stripes, yellow
stripes begin on snout flavifrenatus
b Dorsum with three to five dark stripes, yellow stripes
absent triscalis
33 a
. One preocul ar 34
b Two preocul ars festae
'*0
39. a Dorsal scale rows 19-19-15
b Dorsal scale rows 19-19-13 perfuscus
44. a Dorsum with three dark and two narrow yellow stripes,
yellow stripes and median dark stripe begin on snout
meridionalis
b Dorsum with three wide black stripes, median black
stripe begins on snout dilepis
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Figure 2, p. 118, Dixon,
1983).
Coronella anomala Gunther 1858:37. Type locality: banks of the Rio Parana.
Lyqophis rutilis Cope 1862:80. Type locality: Rio Tigre, a tributary of the
Rio Parana, Paraguay.
Coronella pulchella Jan 1863:251. Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Liophis anomala Amaral 1925:7.
Liophis atraventer Dixon and Thomas 1985:260. Type locality: Boraceia, Sao
Paulo, Brasil.
SUBSPECIES: Two.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the Rio Ugueto, Amazonas,
Venezuela (see figure 3, p. 154, Dixon 1983).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (see figure between pp. 18 &
19, Cunha, et al 1985).
SUBSPECIES: Four.
Bahia, north to Rio Amazonas (south bank) (see figure 4, p. 158, Dixon
1983).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Chimanta and Auyan Tepufs, and km
marker 144 of the El Dorado-Santa Elena highway, Bolivar, Venezuela
(see figure 4, p. 158, Dixon 1983).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the island of Martinique, West Indies (see
figure 1, p. 297, Dixon 1981).
SUBSPECIES: Eight.
3. a Ventral s <165 4
b Ventral s >165 epinephelus bimaculatus
12
13
DISTRIBUTION: Southeast Brasil to coastal Uruguay, and the Rio Parana Basin
of Argentina, Brasil, and Paraguay (see figure 3, p. 184, Dixon 1987).
SUBSPECIES: Two.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Rio Parana Basin of Argentina, Brasil,
and Paraguay (see figure 3, p. 184, Dixon 1987).
15
Liophis lonqiventris Amaral 1925:16. Type locality: none given, but probably
the state of Mato Grosso, Brasil.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Rio Manjuro, Amazonas, Brasil, and from
12°51'S - 51°46'W, Mato Grosso, Brasil (see figure 2, p. 154, Dixon 1983).
Coluber melanotus Shaw 1802:534. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, Africa (in
error)
Coluber raninus Merrem 1820:106. Type locality: none given.
Coluber vittatus Hallowell 1845:242. Type locality: within 200 miles of
Caracas, Colombia (actually in Venezuela).
Liophis melanonotus Cope 1860:253. (replacement name for melanotus Shaw).
Liophis melanotus Dixon 1980:11.
,
Janeiro, Brasil.
Coluber bicolor Reuss 1834:145. Type locality: Ilheus, Bahia, Brasil.
Ablabes purpurans Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril 1854:312. Type locality: Mana,
Cayenne. (French Guiana)
Coronella austral is Gunther 1858:40. Type locality: Australia (in error).
Opheomorphus merremii semi aureus Cope 1862:348. Type locality: Paraguay.
Liophis cobella collaris Jan 1863:293. Type locality: South America.
Liophis reqinae ornata Jan 1863:295. Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Coronella orientalis Gunther 1864:236. Type locality: Dekkan (in error).
Rhadinaea chrysostoma Cope 1868:104. Type locality: Napo or Marafion, Ecuador
(= Peru).
Coronella poecilolaemus Gunther 1872:19. Type locality: Upper Rio Amazonas.
Opheomorphus fuscus Cope 1885:190. Type locality: Sao Joao da Monte Negro,
Rio Grande do Sul Brasil. ,
SUBSPECIES: Seven.
19
Dromicus ornatus Garman 1887:281. Type locality: Saint Lucia, West Indies.
Dromicus qiqanteus Jan 1863:67. Type locality: unknown (see Dixon, 1981,
concerning the nature of this senior synonym).
Leimadophis boulenqeri Barbour 1914:339 (replacement name for ornatus Garman)
Liophis ornatus Dixon 1981:13.
,
DISTRIBUTION: Saint Lucia and the satellite island of Maria (see figure 1, p.
792, Dixon 1983).
Lyqophis paucidens Hoge 1953:253. Type locality: Mato Verde, Mato Grosso,
Brasil
Liophis paucidens Dixon 1980:13.
,
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the West Indian island of Barbados (see figure
1, p. 297, Dixon 1981).
DISTRIBUTION: Much of eastern South America, from Venezuela (?) east and
south through Brasil to central Bolivia, southeast into northeastern
Argentina.
taxon because of the mosaic nature of the variation examined thus far. Note
that there are three senior synonyms for the name poeciloqyrus. Any use of a
senior synonym would upset the stability of the long, continued use of
poeciloqyrus in the literature, and I recommend none be used.
Liophis problematicus Myers 1986:2. Type locality: San Juan, Rio Tambopata;
Sandia Province, 14°13'S - 69°10'W, 1,520 m, Puno, Peru.
SUBSPECIES: Four.
l.a Dorsum with small black and yellow spots; black lateral
caudal stripe faint or absent 2
b Dorsum greenish, olive, or grayish, never with small
yellow and black spots; black lateral caudal stripe
always present and distinct 3
L. ( iopeltis )
saqittifer Jan 1863:82. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina.
Liophis pulcher Steindachner 1867:267. Type locality: Chile (in error).
Rhadinaea modesta Koslowsky 1896:453. Type locality: Salta, Argentina.
Liophis trifasciatus Werner 1899:114. Type locality: Paraguay.
Zamensis arqentinus Brethes 1917:93. Type locality: La Banda, Santiago del
Estero, Argentina.
Liophis saqittifer Dixon 1980:15.
,
SUBSPECIES: Two.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Leeward Island of Curasao, (see figure 1,
p. 297, Dixon 1981).
Liophis elaeoides Griffin 1916:187. Type locality: Prov. del Sara, Bolivia.
Liophis macrops Werner 1925:57. Type locality: Paramaribo, Suriname.
Liophis typhlus Dixon 1980:16.
,
DISTRIBUTION: Rainforests of the Guiana Shield and Amazon Basin, also the
Chaco and Cerrado of Bolivia, Brasil, and Paraguay, (see figure 1, p. 175,
Dixon 1987).
SUBSPECIES: Three.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from three localities in the western part of the
Argentine state of Cordoba (see figure 1, p. 566, Dixon 1985),
Brasil .
SUBSPECIES: Two.
COUNTRY LISTS
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
SOUTH AMERICA
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
Liophi
27
ECUADOR PERU
CURACAO
Liophis triscalis
DOMINICA
Liophis .iuliae
GUADELOUPE
Liophis .iuliae
MARIE-GALANTE
Liophis .iuliae
MARTINIQUE
Liophis cursor
SAINT LUCIA
Liophis ornatus
TOBAGO
Liophis melanotus
Liophis reqinae
TRINIDAD
30 WEST LOMCiTuoc 20
30 WEST LOVCITUDC 20
WCST LONCiTuOC
30 MfEST COMClTUOe
Montserrat A
Guadeloupe
^ Desirade
+ + -16
16- + L. juliae
'.
Marie-Galante
Dominica
L. cursor
Martinique
L. ornatus -14
Curacao
/
Q' The Grenadines
+ Grenada
+ -12
12-
^.-
+
<i-
L. reginae
/^ Tobago
L. cobellus Trinidad
L. melanotus
+ -10
62