Final IE kinh tế quốc tế

 International integration

International integration is a significant party policy and an essential component

of the transition process. As a result, during the process of national
development, complete international economic integration has become a key
driving force, encouraging economic growth while also producing synergy to
boost competitiveness and solidify the country's place in the world. Vietnam's
stance During the 35-year doi moi period, Vietnam has actively and actively
participated in multilateral and regional economic institutions, such as joining
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1995, becoming a
member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1995. In
1998, Russia became a founding member of the Eurasian Economic Forum
(ASEM), and in 2007, it became a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC) and, in particular, the World Trade Organization (WTO).

 The Purpose of International Integration

 The process of worldwide economic integration arose and evolved in tandem

with trade liberalization and the desire of nations to open their economies.

International economic integration strives to address important issues such as

-Negotiating tariff reductions, moving toward reducing non-tariff obstacles that

impede trade activity.

-Talking about lowering non-tariff barriers.

-Reduce the number of limitations on service operations.

-Reduce impediments to international investment.

-Remove impediments to international labor mobility.

-Adjusting various tools and rules of international trade policy.

-Adjust trade management policy in accordance with general international

regulations and game rules, particularly those pertaining to commercial
transactions, such as customs processes.

 Opportunities and challenges:

Currently, the situation in the country, region, and globe has shifted
dramatically. In the course of international economic integration, Vietnam
consistently promotes possibilities, benefits, and socioeconomic growth, and
accelerates the country's industrialization and modernization. A lot of
possibilities can be presented, for example. Vietnam has the potential to develop
production, generate employment, stabilize and enhance people's lives, and
participate in the process of international cooperation and labor division.
Second, cadres and party members have the chance to absorb the quintessential
values of humanity while continuing to promote the nation's historic values in
the construction of a socialist human being. Third, after 35 years of doi moi, the
country's position and strength have grown significantly in terms of both size
and competitiveness of the economy; socio-political situation, improved
autonomy, accumulation and improvement of capacity for state governance and
administration of socio-economic development.

However, in addition to the benefits of international economic integration,

Vietnam faces the following challenges.

In certain locations, the Party's and the State's rules on international economic
integration have not been completely comprehended, promptly, or properly
executed. International economic integration is also hampered by one-sided,
short-term, and incomplete methods, which have resulted in a failure to
capitalize on possibilities and effectively respond to obstacles. The process of
international economic integration and the domestic renovation process,
particularly the reform and enhancement of institutions, most notably the legal
system, processes, and policies, have not occurred concurrently. It is closely
related to the process of increasing competitiveness, satisfying the needs of
providing national defense and security, defending political security, social
order and safety, the natural environment, and conserving and promoting
national cultural identity. International economic integration has not been
carefully or efficiently linked with other forms of integration. Long-term and
strategic objectives have not been closely intertwined with partners, particularly
key ones. The response to oscillations, as well as the handling of influences
from the regional and international environments, remains passive, perplexing,
and uneven.

 Explaining the shift in export commodity groups

As part of the international integration process, trade agreements facilitate

Vietnam's access to tough markets. Agricultural goods, on the other hand, are
seasonal and volatile. Furthermore, trade agreements allow Vietnamese
businesses to have access to cutting-edge foreign technology, supporting
industrial growth. Furthermore, the quality and origin requirements are quite
stringent, and agricultural goods sometimes succeed and sometimes fail, all of
which are seasonally lucky. Furthermore, because auxiliary components,
computers, and phones are all molded and consistent, they do not need to be
seasonal. Based on the requirements of today's technological goods, industry
can always provide a major contribution to economic development, improve the
balance of payments, stabilize the macro-economy, stabilize the exchange rate,
manage inflation, and produce spillover effects to enhance output, produce jobs
and income for millions of employees, and act as a catalyst for innovation in
manufacturing and business operations. All of the aforementioned variables
have had an impact on Vietnam's export transformation.
Phần 3: Gravity model analysis:

Vietnam's main import and export markets in 2019

The graph above depicts the total amount of trade in exports and imports
between Vietnam and eight of Vietnam's trading partners in 2019. Vietnam has
a trade surplus in four of the eight markets mentioned above (the United States,
Germany, India, and Japan) and a trade deficit in the remaining four. These
eight nations contributed 65.4 percent of Vietnam's overall trade value that year.
This is also natural and acceptable given that Asia is the continent with
Vietnam's most extensive overseas commercial contacts. Exports made up 51.3
percent of the market, while imports made up 80.2 percent.Why does Vietnam
conduct so much business with these countries? By evaluating the gravity
model, we shall learn about that question and how it has impacted the change of
Vietnam's export group in recent years.

 Gravity model analysis:

- Gravity Model Formula:

Where A is a constant term.

Tij is the value of trade between country i and country j.

Yi is country j’s GDP, and Dij is the distance between the two countries.

That is, the value of trade between any two countries is proportional, or other
things equal, to the product of the two countries’ GDPs and diminishes with the
distance between the two countries.

According to the gravity model projections, three East Asian nations (China,
Korea, and Japan) are Vietnam's main trading partners, which is very plausible.
They are an optimal distance from Vietnam, and their GDP is also the highest of
the three Asian countries. China is Vietnam's most important commercial
partner, with imports and exports totaling 106.7 billion USD, accounting for
22.2 percent of the country's overall import and export value. Korea has 65.7
billion USD (accounting for 13.7%), whereas Japan has more than 37.8 billion
USD. Furthermore, Vietnam and the aforementioned nations share striking
parallels in terms of institutions and culture. Vietnam has a large number of
individuals studying and working in these nations as part of the integration and
development process, creating favorable conditions for cultural intrusion.
Furthermore, Japan and Korea have the highest levels of foreign direct
investment (FDI) in Vietnam. It is also a significant aspect in understanding
why these three nations are Vietnam's most important commercial partners.
Although Vietnam and the United States are physically apart, there is
substantially more commerce than in the gravity model. Culture is the decisive
element here. Vietnam was a US colony for 20 years, so a portion of the
Vietnamese people are well familiar with American culture. Not only is English
the second most widely spoken language in Vietnam, but the United States also
has the greatest number of Vietnamese residents. It has produced ideal
circumstances for the two nations' economic progress.

Explain the export group shift:

All of Vietnam's major trading partners have thriving heavy industries.

Businesses have brought Vietnamese goods into the distribution systems of
many countries thanks to the internet economy. This has accelerated the process
of shifting export groups away from agricultural products and into industrial
groups specializing in electronic components, computers, phones, etc.
Businesses have also displayed items through online exhibitions. Products in the
United States, France, Germany, et al. These are encouraging indicators. On the
other hand, many important commodity groups such as computers, electronic
products, and components have reached an import-export turnover of more than
100 billion USD, although this group accounts for nearly 100% of the export
value of these items.

References:

Khẳng định vị thế của Việt Nam trên đại lộ hội nhập quốc tế

https://www.vietnamplus.vn/khang-dinh-vi-the-cua-viet-nam-tren-dai-lo-hoi-
nhap-quoc-te/721281.vnp

World Bank. 2020. Vietnam : Deepening International Integration and

Implementing the EVFTA. World Bank, Hanoi.World Bank.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33787

Integration, Interdependence, and Globalization

https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/06/streeten.htm

Hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu

https://haiquanonline.com.vn/megastory-tong-quan-hoat-dong-xuat-nhap-khau-
cua-viet-nam-nam-2019-120189.html

10 đối tác thương mại lớn nhất của Việt Nam

https://vov.vn/kinh-te/10-doi-tac-thuong-mai-lon-nhat-cua-viet-nam-
867139.vov