GEN MATH 11 – Q1 – W5-6

General Mathematics
Quarter 1 –Module 4
Exponential Functions
WEEK 5-6

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

In this module, you will examine the aforementioned questions when you study the following
lessons:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Exponential Functions
Lesson 2: Exponential Functions, Equations, and Inequalities
Lesson 3: Solving Exponential Equation and Inequality
Lesson 4: The Exponential Function and its Graph
Lesson 5: Graphing Transformations of Exponential Functions
Lesson 6: Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions

Introduction to Exponential Functions

Lesson 1

The best thing about exponential functions is that they are so useful in real world situations.
Exponential functions are used to model populations, help coroners determine time of death,
compute investments, as well as many other applications. Moreover, exponential function requires
your good knowledge in mathematics especially on graphing ordered pairs, basic properties of
exponents, and be able to recognize function notation.
News stories spread rapidly in modern society. With broadcasts over televisions and radios, millions
of people hear about important events within hours. In many problems, key variables are related to
linear models. But, there are many other important situations in which variables are related to non-
linear patterns. Examples include spread of diseases, change in population, temperatures, bank
savings, and radioactivity. These real-life situations can be described and expressed by exponential
functions.

The table below shows a number of members of the community who were informed whether the
class is cancelled or not. It will take 9 stages to inform 1,000 people, because after the 9 th stage:
1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128+256+512=1, 023 people already knew the decision.

Stage of Texting Tree 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

No. of Members Informed 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 2,048

An equation can be formed and can be used to calculate the number of members that will be
informed without starting from the stage. If we let y represent the number of families informed and x
the stages in the texting tree, our equation will be
𝑦=2

where x is the independent variable and y is the dependent variable. Note that in the equation
formed, the variable x appears as an exponent. We call this equation an exponential equation.

In general, the situation describe in the smart phone tree can be modelled by a type of function
different from the ones you have studied so far. The key variables in each situation are often
expressed by a function rule having the form
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥
where b is the constant determined by the situation being modelled. A function of this form is called
exponential function because the input variable x used as an exponent in determining the value of the
output variable.
Having defined rational exponents, we know that the expression 2𝑥 is defined for all rational
numbers. Although the details are beyond the details of this module, the expression 2𝑥 can also be
defined for any irrational number. Thus, the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 id defined for all real numbers.
In the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , b is a constant called the base and x is an independent variable called the
exponent.
Here are some examples of exponential functions.
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 10𝑥 ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥+1

The following are NOT exponential functions.

𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥2 𝐺(𝑥) = 1𝑥 𝐻(𝑥) = 𝑋𝑥
Variable is the base The base of an exponential Both the base and
the
and not the exponent. function must be a positive exponent are
constant other than 1. variables.

The two restrictions on b in the definition are important. First, the definition does not include
𝑏 = 1 because 1𝑥 has a value of 1 for all values of 𝑥 and the function would simply be the
constant function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1.

The definition also requires 𝑏 to be positive so that the function can be defined for all real
1
numbers 𝑥. For example, if 𝑏 = −9 and 𝑥 = , then evaluating the function would result in
2
1
finding the values of (−9) , which is not a real number.
2

Thus, the domain of an exponential function is the set of all real numbers and the range is the set
of all positive real numbers.

Exponential Functions, Equations & Inequalities

Lesson 2

DEFINITION
An exponential function can be written as
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒃𝒙
where 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1, and x is any real number.

An exponential equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation or
inequality. An exponential is not ‘solved’ rather, it expresses the relationship between two variables
(such as x and y), and can be represented by a table of values or a graph
 What’s In

Solving Exponential Equations and Inequality

Lesson 3

What’s In
Exponential inequalities can be solved using the following property.
STUDENT TIP:
You should be careful in solving exponential inequalities such as 𝑏𝑚 < 𝑏𝑛. The resulting
direction of the inequality (𝑚 < 𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 > 𝑛) is based on whether the base b is greater than 1 or
less than 1.
 Graphing Exponential Functions
Lesson 4
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent an exponential function through its table of
values, graph, and equation, find the domain, range, intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of an
exponential function, and graph exponential functions.

The graph of an exponential function is a necessary tool in describing its behavior and
characteristics--- its intercepts, asymptotes and zeros. A graph can also provide insights as to real-life
situations than can be modeled by exponential functions.

We first graph by plotting a few points. Results will be generalized later on.
 Lesson 5 Graphing Transformations of Exponential Functions
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent a transformation of an exponential function
through its table of values, graph, and equation, and graph transformations of exponential functions.

The results in the Example 1 can be generalized as follows

Lesson 6 Representing Real-life Situations Using Exponential Functions

At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent real-life situations using exponential functions.
GEN. MATH 11–Q1–W7-8
At the end of the module, you would be able to:
a. distinguish logarithmic functions, equations, and inequalities;
b. graph logarithmic functions using its intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes; and
c. solve problems related to logarithmic functions, equations, and inequalities.

You will find that this module is composed of the following lessons:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Logarithms
Lesson 2: Logarithmic Functions, Equations, and Inequalities
Lesson 3: The Logarithmic Equation and Inequality
Lesson 4: The Logarithmic Function and its Graph
References
Senior High School General Mathematics Teaching Guide by Commission on Higher Education (2016) pages 105-130
General Mathematics Textbook by Orlando A. Oronce REX Bookstore pages 107-171
https://www.slideshare.net/dionesioable/module1-exponential-function
Commission on Higher Education & Philippine Normal University, Republic of the Philippines, Senior High School
General Mathematics Teaching Guide. Logarithmic functions. Quezon City: EC-TEC Commercial Publishing House Inc.,
2016.
Hendrickson, S. et al. “Logarithmic Functions”. 2018. http://www.mathematicsvisionproject.org
/uploads/1/1/6/3/11636986/sec3mod2tnh718.pdf
Hendrickson, S. et al. “Secondary Mathematics III: An Integrated Approach. Module 2 Logarithmic Functions. 2014.
https://1.cdn.edl.io/fkJUjSVfklY6552aaosSkorqhr8y koKoyf6MhiL88LTWOmiX.pdf
Macquarie University. “Worksheet 2.7: Logarithms and Exponentials”.
https://maths.mq.edu.au/numeracy/web_mums/module2/Worksheet27/module2.pdf
Math Colorado Education. “Logarithmic Functions Worksheets. https://math.colorado.edu/math
1300/resources/Exercises_LogarithmicFunction.pdf
Traverse Bay Area Intermediate School District Moodle. “Exponential/Logs Multiple Choice Pre-Test”.
http://moodle.tbaisd.org/pluginfile.php/68285/mod_resource/content/0/Assess ments/ExponentialsLogsMCPreTest.pdf
University of Kentucky. “Exponential and Logarithmic Worksheets”.
https://www.ms.uky.edu/ma109/fall_2016/Activityivities/10_exponential_worksheet_solution.pdf
University of New Mexico. “Review Sheets: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions.
http://www.unm.edu/~efryer/Review%20Files/Worksheets/Exponential%20and%20Logorithmic%20Functions.pdf
University of Southern Queensland. “Module B5 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions”. January 14, 2000.
https://lor.usq.edu.au/usq/file/5a256444-7623-49199b14c8f288ef5b60/1/B5 _Exponential_
and_Logarithmic_Functions_Jan14.pdf
www.misternolfi.com. “Logarithms PrActivityice Test”.
http://misternolfi.com/Courses/Mhf4u0/Logarithms%20PrActivityice%20Test.pdf
www.mathexercises.com. “Math Exercises & Math Problems: Logarithmic Equation and Inequalities”. https://www.math-
exercises.com/equations-and-inequalities/logarithmic-equations-and-inequalities

DAISY B. ARIAS LEONORA A. MARALIT

SHS Mathematics Coordinator Grade Level Chairperson

ARLENE A. ROSARIO, PhD

Master Teacher I
 GEN MATH 11 – Q1 – W5-8

Bugallon Integrated School

Bugallon, Pangasinan

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Name: _____________________________________Grade & Section: ____________
Module 4: Exponential Functions
WEEK 5-6
Activity 1: TELL ME!

Activity 3: Solve Me!

Solve each equation.
1. 3 5x = 272x – 4
2. 162y − 3 = 4y + 1
3. 2 6x = 32x − 2
4. 49x + 5 = 78x – 6
 5. 4 2x + 6 ≤ 642x – 4

6. SCIENCE Mitosis is a process in which one cell divides into two. The Escherichia coli is
one of the fastest growing bacteria. It can reproduce itself in 15 minutes. a. Write an
exponential function to represent the number of cells c after t minutes. b. If you begin with
one Escherichia coli cell, how many cells will there be in one hour?

Activity 4: Sketch Me!

Activity 5: Transform Me!

Module 5: Logarithmic Functions

WEEK 7-8
Prepared by:

DAISY B. ARIAS RACQUEL M. PALMA MARJORIE E. DELOS SANTOS

Subject Teacher Subject Teacher Subject Teacher

Checked by:

ARLENE A. ROSARIO, PhD