Mechanical Engineering Department

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines (3141906)

Dimension and Model Analysis

Presented By
Prof. shaival R Parikh

GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY

Buckingham ᴨ-Theorem:
If there are ‘n’ variables in dimensionally homogenous
equation & if this variable contains ‘m’ fundamental dimensions then
the variables are arrange in ‘n-m’ dimensionless terms & they are
called ᴨ-term.

Example:
Assume that thrust T id depend upon angular velocity ω, speed of
the object V, diameter D, dynamic viscosity µ, elasticity of fluid
which can represents speed of sound C.

Step-1:

F  T , ,V , D, ,  , C 
Step-2:
No. of ᴨ equations= Total Variable- Repeating Variable
= 7-3 = 4
Step-3:
Choose repeating variables are

Geometric Flow Fluid

D V ρ
Step-4: Convert in ᴨ equations

 1  D  V    T
a b c

 2  D  V    
a b c

 3  D  V    
a b c

 4  D  V    C
a b c
 1  D  V    T
a b c

M L T  L LT
0 0 0
 
1 a
M L 1 1 b
  M
1 3 c 1 1
LT 
2 d

c  1  0  c  1
 b  2  0  b  2
a  b  3c  1  a  2
 1  D  V    T
2 2 1

T
1  2 2
DV 
Like wise above equation solving all the equation of ᴨ2, ᴨ3, ᴨ4

D
2 
V

3 
VD
C
4 
V
Step-5: Substitute all the values of ᴨ equations
  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4   0
 T D  C 
 V 2 D 2 , V , VD , V 
0
 
T  D  C
 
 V , VD , V 
V 2 D 2  
 D  C
T  V D  
 V , VD , V 
2 2

 