Translation Assignment

Assignment on Translation Practice 1
ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION

Faculty of Foreign Languages
ARTICLES ABOUT US PRESIDENTAL ELECTION ON CNN.COM

AND THEGUARDIAN.COM, NOVEMBER-DECEMBER, 2020
(An assignment on Translation Practice 1)
By: Cao Thu Hien – ETE38

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof, Dr. Nguyen Thanh Huong
HANOI, 2020
1
CONTENT
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Rationale 1
1.2. Aims of the study 1
1.3. Limitation of the study 1
1.4. Method of the study 1
1.5. Design of the study 1
2. Typical structure of an article on CNN and The Guardian 2
2.1 Headlines 2
2.2. Leads 2
2.3. Bodies 3
2.4. Endings 3
3. Lexical features of selected articles about US Presidential Election on CNN and The
Guardian 3
3.1. Word formation in articles about US Presidential Election on CNN and The
Guardian 3
3.1.1. Affixes 3
3.1.1.1. Prefixes 4
3.1.1.2. Suffixes 4
3.1.1.3. Typical affixes in 20 articles about US presidential election on CNN and The
Guardian 4
3.1.2. Compounds 6
3.1.3. Shortenings 7
3.1.3.1. Acronyms 7
3.1.3.2. Initialisms 7
3.1.3.3. Blends 9
3.1.4. Back information 9

3.1.5. Conversion or functional shift 10
3.1.6. Semantic Shift 10
3.1.7. Borrowed words 10
3.2. Types of relationships between words in selected articles 11
3.2.1. Hyponymy 11
1
3.2.2. Part/ whole relationships 11

3.2.3. Synonymy 11
3.2.4. Antonymy 11
3.2.5. Converseness 12
3.2.6. Polysemy and homonymy 12
3.2.7. Metaphorical extension 12
3.3 Syntactical features of selected articles about US presidential election on CNN.com
and The Guardian 12
3.3.1. Typical Sentence patterns of selected articles 12
3.3.2 Noun phrase in selected articles and their Vietnamese equivalents 14
3.3.3. Nominalization in selected articles and their Vietnamese equivalents 17
3.3.4. Headline interpreting 18
3.4. Terms and expressions about political and their Vietnamese equivalents 19
3.4.1. Terms and expressions in form of noun phrase 20
3.4.2. Terms and expressions in form of verb phrase 20
3.4.3. Terms and expressions in form of adjectival phrase 20
3.4.4. Terms and expressions in form of adverb phrase 21
3.4.5. Terms and expressions in form of prepositional phrase 21
4. Translation of selected articles 21
5. Conclusion 39
6. References 39
Materials in English 39
Materials in Vietnamese 39
Article for illustration 39
7. Appendix 42
2
1. Introduction
1.1. Rationale
Article translation is a wide area which is increasingly growing due to the growth of the news.
However, reading news in Vietnam is not enough. CNN.com and The Guardian is two famous and
reputation press online which can be read and trust by reader.
Cable News Network (CNN) is an American news-based pay television channel which was found in
1980.According to Similar web, CNN News “attracted an average 31.5m daily views in the first half
of April” with live updates and international coverage, as well as Us politics, Business, Health,
Entertainment. Update news every single minutes.
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper which was founded in 1821, has been awarded the
National Newspaper of the Year in 1998, 2005, 2010 and 2013 by the British Press Awards, and
Front Page of the Year in 2002.
For the above reasons, the authors choose BBC news and CNN news as two reliable source to
accomplish this assignment clearly.
1.2. Aims of the study
By analyzing 20 articles about US Presidential Election 2020, this study aims at essential parts and
steps of translating English to Vietnamese and from Vietnamese to English.
1.3. Limitation of the study

In this study, we will briefly discuss about typical structure of articles, lexical features and syntactical
features of US Presidential Election 2020, also include 10 translated articles.
1.4. Method of the study

In order to achieve the primary mentioned aims of the study, I have used quantitative method, in
which I have collected data from a number of sources including books about Translation Method.
1.5. Design of the study

This study paper consists of 4 mains parts which the second and the third parts are the most
important parts of this paper.
Part 1: Introduction including rationale, aims, limitation, method and design of the study are
mentioned in this part with a view to help readers have an overview of this research.
Part 2: Typical structure of an article on CNN.com and The Guardian
Part 3: Lexical features of US Presidential Election 2020
1
Part 4: Syntactical features of US Presidential Election 2020 and their Vietnamese equivalent
Part 5: Translation of selected articles
Part 6: Conclusion, References and Appendix.
2. Typical structure of an article on CNN and The Guardian

2.1 Headlines
A headline conveys the essence of the story which will be tell in the newspaper so it must be as
fewer words as possible. They are the first thing readers see so it must be bold and in larger size. A
headline must concentrate on 2 key points: to grab the reader’s attention
and to analyze what the story is about.
BBC and CNN follow above key points, as for an illustration:
E.g: - Headlines grab the reader’s attention:
 Top Trump ally Chris Christie says it's time to accept Biden won the election (CNN) [Art.8]
 ‘Will he ever concede?’: Trump keeps GOP leaders in endless political limbo (The
Guardian) [Art.10]
- Headlines analyze what the story is about:
 Brazil and Mexico presidents recognize Biden's victory after facing criticism (The
Guardian) [Art.15]
 All 50 states and DC have now certified their presidential election results (CNN) [Art.17]
2.2. Leads
A lead or a lead paragraph is the first paragraph of an article, it summaries the story briefly by
covering the 5-WH question (what, who, when, where, why information).
Lead is the most important part of an article because if the first couple sentences do not make
reader feel curious and compelled to continue, your body will not be read.
There are some kinds of leads such as: straight lead (summary lead), descriptive lead, quotation
lead, question lead, personal lead, ‘you’ lead (or Direct Address lead), contrast lead, delayed lead,
blind identification lead, anecdotal lead, gag (or funny) lead, literary allision lead.
The Guardian and CNN follow above key points, as for an illustration:
E.g: Sen. Kelly Loeffler, a Georgia Republican who is up for reelection in a heated run off race
(Who) set for January 5, left open the possibility Wednesday(When) that she may object to the
(What) Electoral College results of Joe Biden's victory when the matter is brought before the US
Congress next month (Why)
[Article 12: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/kelly-loeffler-electoral-college/index.html]
2
2.3. Bodies
On The Guardian and CNN, after create the lead to give the reader an overview about the story,
writer give the reader more information in the body of the article. In the body, writer elaborate on
more detail information about the story, present the information in logically order, based on inverted
pyramid. The body answer 5 WH question in detail which are main information of the story, which is
commonly used in 20 articles about US presidential election on The Guardian and CNN and other
articles. The main information is placed at the beginning and the least important details appear at the
end of the article.
Writer can also use direct and indirect quotes from sources to specific the story, using the third
person to suite the opinion.
Short, simple sentences are used and a paragraph has no more than three or four sentences.
2.4. Endings
On The Guardian and CNN, the ending of an article is important because they wrap up the story and
tell the reader what they’ve reach after reading the bodies. On the other hand, the articles
sometimes end with some interesting piece of information.
After studying 20 articles of US presidential election on The Guardian and CNN, there are some
common ways is used to write the ending, such as reiterate the main point, summarize succinctly,
answer the potential questions or send readers elsewhere, etc.
For example:
The US is rapidly approaching 13m confirmed Covid-19 infections, and by Thursday more than
263,000 people in the country had lost their lives to coronavirus. (Article 2:
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/27/donald-trump-says-he-will-leave-white-house-if-
electoral-college-votes-for-joe-biden )
=> This article is ended with back information about Covid-19
3. Lexical features of selected articles about US Presidential Election on CNN and The
Guardian
3.1. Word formation in articles about US Presidential Election on CNN and The Guardian
3.1.1. Affixes
According to Bernard T. O’Dwyer (2000), Affix is an “umbrella term” for bound morphemes, which
are dependent on a base/stem to form a word. They can be either prefixes (before) or suffixes
(after), attached to a base/stem.
Affixes are not placed indiscriminately on words; there are guidelines depending on the purpose of
the attachment. Often more than one morpheme affix will be attached as a prefix or suffix, or both.
3
3.1.1.1. Prefixes
Prefixes are bound morphemes added to the beginning of a base/stem to create new words from
pre-existing ones.
3.1.1.2. Suffixes
Prefixes are bound morphemes occurring after base/stems; to create new words from pre-existing
ones. They are more complex than pre-fixes and also more numerous. For example: -al, -able, -ive,
-y, -ness, -ment,…
3.1.1.3. Typical affixes in 20 articles about US presidential election on CNN and The Guardian
PREFIXES
Typical
No. Meaning Words
prefixes
1 anti- against anti-democratic, anti-Trump, anti-biblical, anti-face-off
desperate, decline, denied, dedicated, deputy, deliberations,
2 de- opposite
debunked, defied, depart, decried, deflected, defying, deceitful
disinformation, dismiss, discouraging, disputed, disturbing,
not, discussions, disqualifier, displace, discourteous, display,
3 dis-
opposite of disrespecting, disrespectful, dissents, dis appointment, distrust,
disloyal.
impartially, improbable, impassion, implement, implacable,
4 in-, im- in/not incoherent, intend, inhabit, incapable, integrity, independence,
infuriated
interview, intervention, interconnect, international, internal,
5 inter- between
interfere.
6 mid- middle midnight
misspelt, missive, mistake, mishandling, mismanagement,
7 mis- wrongly
misleading, misinterpretation
8 non- not non-intervention, nonstop
9 pre- before preside, prepared
recourse, re-elected, resign, record, review, request, recount,
10 re- again replacing, report, restrict, remark, responses, resounding,
reflect.
11 sub- under subvert, substantiate
undermine, unwilling, uncertainty, unnoticed, unable,
unprecedented, unconscionable, uncharted, unconscionable,
12 un- not
unsubstantiated, unwavering, unclear, unanimously, unfound,
unimpeachable, unfortunate.
SUFFIXES
Typical
No. Meaning Words
prefixes
4
available, enable, incapable, remarkable, comfortable,

can be
13 -able, -ible palatable, improbable, accountable, cognizable, implacable
done
accessible, responsible, eligible, possible.
related to, presidential, crucial, senatorial, ceremonial, essential, official,
14 -al, -ial
like special, racial, impartial, potential, judicial, substantial.
15 -en made of weaken, brazen
more, one
16 -er, -est largest, highest, greatest, closest, strongest, latest, earlier.
who
helpful, handful, rightful, hopeful, forceful, peaceful, faithful,
17 -ful, -y full of
meaningful
baseless, unless, fruitless, endless, faithless, meritless,
18 -less without
regardless, hopeless, reckless
relentlessly, ostensibly, likely, slightly, accurately, quietly,
obviously, extremely, adequately, surely, seemingly, publicly,
formally, safely, supposedly, quickly, personally, organically,
a certain
19 -ly officially, nearly, recently, increasingly, orderly, grisly,
way
previously, shortly, certainly, relentlessly, decently, politically,
appallingly, probably, ultimately, actively, subsequently,
effectively.
dangerous, previous, various, discourteous, spurious, anxious,
20 -ous filled with
frivolous, ridiculous, enormous, seditious.
witness, madness, willingness, wokeness, correctness,
21 -ness being/with
darkness.
election, disinformation, identification, constitution, assertion,
22 -ion act of
administration, investigation, resignation
condition embodiment, implement, agreement, fulfillment, statement,
23 -ment
of being commitment, announcement, comment, argument
CONCLUSION: Affixes are commonly used in articles. In 20 articles about US Presidential Election
2020, prefixes ‘un-’ was used the most and suffixes ‘ly’ was mainly used. Those affixes created the
unique of articles.
3.1.2. Compounds
According to Laurie Bauer, the most common and most flexible way of creating new words in English
is to put two old words together to form a new word, it is called compound. For example: blackbird,
headline, typewriter, wallpaper,...
Types of
No. Compound Meaning
components
1 front-row Adj. + N. the forwards at the front of a scrum
2 airport N. + N. a place where planes land and take off and that has
5
buildings for passengers to wait in

3 aftermath Pre. + N. the situation that exists as a result of an important
4 another ConJ.+ Adj. one more; an extra thing or person
5 anybody Adv. + N. used instead of somebody in negative sentences
6 anyone Adv. + N. used instead of someone in negative sentences
7 anything Adv. + N. used instead of something in negative sentences
8 backlash Adv. + N. a strong negative reaction by a large number of people
9 background Adv. + N. the details of a person’s family, education, experience, etc.
a person or thing that has the same position or function as
10 counterpart N. + N.
somebody/something else in a different place or situation
11 lawmaker N. + N. a politician who helps make the laws of a country
a set of large printed sheets of paper, or a website,
12 newspaper N. + N.
containing news, articles, advertisements
13 software Adj. + N. the programs used by a computer for doing particular jobs
to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or
14 undermine Adv. + N.
authority, gradually weaker or less effective
to know or realize the meaning of words, a language, what
15 understand Adv. + V.
somebody says
used temporarily for a particular purpose because the real
16 makeshift V. + V.
thing is not available
17 network N. + N. a complicated system of roads, lines, tubes, nerves
receiving or involving a lot of attention and discussion in
18 high-profile Adj. + N+
the media
V. +
19 run-off a second vote or competition
Conjunction
3.1.3. Shortenings
3.1.3.1. Acronyms
In The Cambridge History of the English Language 4 (1999), Acronym is a written short form of a
word or other expression pronounced according to the normal rules of spelling.
According to Bauer. L (1983), an acronym is a word coined by taking the initial letters of the words in
a title or phrase and using them as a new word. For example: RADAR: Radio Detection and
Ranging, PIN- Personal Identification Number, LASER - Light Amplification by the Stimulated
Emission of Radiation,…
However, not every abbreviation counts as an acronym: to be an acronym the new word must not be
pronounced as a series of letters, but as a word. For example, we have “Value Added Tax”, when
you called /ˌviː.eɪˈtiː/ that is an abbreviation, but if is called /væt/, it has become an acronym. In 20
selected articles, authors mainly use initialisms, acronyms can not be found.
6
3.1.3.2. Initialisms
According to the paper, initialism defined as a group of initial letters used as an abbreviation for a
name or expression. It is made from the first letter or letters of a string of words, but can’t be
pronounced as words themselves. For example: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) is called
/ˌbiː.biːˈsiː/ , U.K is an initialism for United Kingdom when you called it /ˌjuːˈkeɪ/.
Here are initialisms which can be found in 20 articles of US presidential election:
No. Article Initialisms Full form Meaning

No.
1 2,12,14 GOP Grand Old Party the Republican political party in
the US
2 1,3,5,6,7, CNN Cable News Network US organization that broadcast
12,14,15, s news on television internation
19 ally
3 18 USA United States of America
4 Almost US the United States (of Americ
articles a
5 5 CIA Central Intelligence Agency US government organization th
at secretly collects information
about other countries
6 5 USTR United States Trade
Representative
7 19,20 DHS Department of Homeland
Security
8 19 DOJ Department of Justice
9 7 DC District of Columbia an area of the eastern US that

has the same borders as the
US capital, Washington, and is
not part of a US state
10 7 AG Aktiengesellschaft in Germany, a company that
is similar to
a limited company in
other countries
11 7 KKK Ku Klux Klan a secret US organization of whi
te Protestant Americans, espec
ially in the south of the country,
who oppose people of
7
other races or religions
12 9,11,18 FBI Federal Bureau of one of
Investigation the national police forces in the
US controlled by
the Federal government
13 11,17 CBS Columbia Broadcasting an organization that broadcasts
System on television in the US
14 6 NBC National a company that broadcasts
Broadcasting Company television programmes in the
US
15 1,17 EPA Environmental Protection a government organization in
Agency the US
that protects human health and
the environment
16 1 ID identification
17 20 AP Associated Press a US news organization
3.1.3.3. Blends
According to Zeki Hamawand, a word blend is formed by combining two separate words with
different meanings to form a new one. These words are often created to describe a new invention or
phenomenon that combines the definitions or traits of two existing things. For example: “camcorder”
combines parts of “camera” and “recorder” or the word “sitcom” is from “situation” and “comedy”.
President-elector- President was elected [Art.7] is the blend which can be found in 20 articles of US
presidential election.
3.1.4. Back information

According to Hogg, R.M (1999), Back information is a form of shortening in which the omitted
material is perceived to be a formative, typically an affix. It has been a surprisingly productive source
of new words.
Generally, Back-information involves the use of analogy to create forms that are similar to ones
already in existence in the language. It can be also defined as the process of creating new forms by
removing affixes from the existing words. In other words, back information is the opposite of
derivation.
Its omission produces a new form with a meaning related to but distinct from that of the etymon.
No. Article Sentences Back

No. information
1 Art.7 As Trump relentlessly pushes false claims of fraud, some work<= worker
fear lower turnout – while poll workers fear for their safety
8
2 Art.10 The majority of Republican voters who think the election was vote <= voter
fraudulent, despite no supporting evidence, is still growing.
3 Art.17 Some states have laws that seek to bind their electors to the elect <= elector
winning candidate ....
4 Art.4 The integrity of our elections remains intact. elect <= election
5 Art.18 CIA director is expected to be at the beginning of the week, direct <= director
with others grouped together later.
6 Art.19 Joe Biden is approaching a record 80m votes, … for a US win<=winner
presidential election winner,…
7 Art.20 Sources told CNN that while Garland and Jones are content <=
currently seen as the leading contenders, … contender
8 Art.15 The populist leaders of Brazil and Mexico have both finally lead <= leader
recognized Joe Biden’s election victory after facing heavy
criticism for their six-week hesitation.
9 Art.1 “This may be the most important speech I’ve ever made,” speak <= speech
10 Art.2 Trump’s comments, made to reporters at the White House report <= reporter
11 Art.8 It is not unusual for a losing candidate's most fervent support <=
supporters to take their case to the House floor supporter
12 Art.13 They’re getting death threats for trying to carry out one of our die <= death
core democratic institutions, an election.
13 Art.3 Groups of pro-Trump Proud Boys protesters and Antifa protest <=
counter protesters brawled in the city’s downtown streets … protester
3.1.5. Conversion or functional shift
Conversion is the word formation process in which a word of one grammatical form becomes a word
of another grammatical form without any changes to spelling or pronunciation. For example: I have
sent you an email (noun), Can your email (verb) me the assignment before Thursday?
No. Article Sentences Conversion

No.
1 Art.7 Janine Eveler, …had been getting about 50 calls and email (noun)
emails a day … about the election.
2 Art.7 They are the types of things that can weaken the ‘weak’ was originally an
common agreement we all have of participating in adjective but in this
democracy, … sentence, ‘weak(en)’ is a
noun.
3.1.6. Semantic Shift
According to Collins Dictionary, In Linguistics: When, over time, a word takes on additional
meanings. For example: gay. Before 1900 it only meant carefree, having a happy time. Now it is
almost always is used to refer to someone who is homosexual. The word now has additional
meanings. The semantic of the word has shifted.
9
3.1.7. Borrowed words

Borrowed words or Loanwords are words borrowed from one language to another. These words
usually undergo “adaption” processes to conform to the structure constraints of the borrowing
language phonology. For example, there are some Vietnamese words borrowed from English: buýt-
bus, sa-lát-salad, áo vét-vest, ban công-balcon,… Here are loanwords which can be found in 20
articles of US presidential election:
No. Article No. Borrowed Word Borrowed from

7,19,5
1 money Old French ‘moneie’, from Latin ‘monēta’
2 20,18,17 district Middle Dutch and French ‘district’, from Latin ‘districtus’

3 3,7,18,20 federal Dutch federaal, from French ‘fédéral’
4 All articles state Apheretic form of estate
5 All article administration Old French ‘administration’, from Latin ‘administratio’.
6 3 army Old French ‘armee’
7 4,20,16,9 judge Old French ‘juge’
8 All article court Old French ‘cort, curt’, from Latin ‘cōrtem’
Old French ‘governement’ (modern
9 11,15 government
French ‘gouvernement’)
3.2. Types of relationships between words in selected articles
3.2.1. Hyponymy
Hyponymy is the state or phenomenon that shows the relationship between more general term
(lexical representation) and the more specific instances of it. For example: The lexical
representation: red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black is “color”. Or “red” is a hyponym of “color”.
According to my research on 20 selected articles, hyponymy is not commonly used because of the
nature of political articles.
3.2.2. Part/ whole relationships

The whole-part lexical relation is an association between a lexical unit representing a part and a
lexical unit representing its corresponding whole. Another name for the whole-part lexical relation
is meronymy. A meronymy is a non-hierarchical relationship between lexical units that deals with the
significant parts of a whole. Meronymy may be represented by the following frame: Y has X(s). An X
is a part of Y. For example, wheel, handlebar and pedal are meronyms of bicycle.
3.2.3. Synonymy
Synonymy is he relation of sameness or close similarity of meaning. For example: little and small,
rich and wealthy, mother and mum, truck and lorry. Some synonymy can be found in 20 selected
articles: poll-vote-ballot-election, president – leader, statement- announcement, indication –
evidence, concede-admit-accept, consequences- result, victory-triumph, picks-choices, attorney-
lawyer, electoral- democratic.
10
3.2.4. Antonymy
Antonymy is the relation of opposite in meaning. Examples of antonyms include big and small, long
and short, up and down, right and left.
Some common antonymy can be found in 20 selected articles such as: up-down, question-answer,
bad-good, wrong-right, before-after, day-night, early-late, low-high, never-always.
3.2.5. Converseness
Converseness is a reciprocal semantic relationship between pairs of words such as ‘husband-wife’,
‘child-parent’, ‘sell-buy’, ‘teacher-student’. Some converseness can be found in 20 selected articles
such as: president-voter, voting-voter.
3.2.6. Polysemy and homonymy

Polysemy refers to the phenomenon that a word has more than one meaning. For example: face: the
front of the head, a surface of a thing, a person. While homonymy refers to the phenomenon that two
or more words have the same form, but have different meanings. For example: lie has 2 different
meanings: make an untrue statement and put oneself in a resting position.
This is polysemy which was found in 20 selected articles:
No. Article Sentences Polysemy Explanation

No.
1 1 The high stakes are plain Plain With nothing added
3.2.7. Metaphorical extension
A metaphor is use of a word in other meaning. It means that a word may have literal meanings which
is metaphorical extension. For example: The word ‘fire’ is normally means burning that produces
light and heat, while its metaphorical extension is something that is hot, a problem. According to my
research on 20 selected articles, metaphorical extension is not commonly used because of the
nature of political articles.
3.3 Syntactical features of selected articles about US presidential election on CNN.com and
The Guardian
3.3.1. Typical Sentence patterns of selected articles
As we all know, with 5 elements Subject, Verb, Object, Complement, Adverb, 7 clause types in
English can be defined: SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA.
The author is going to analyze an articles to find the core sentences in each sentence to find the
typical sentence patterns of 20 selected articles.
Article 17: All 50 states and DC have now certified their presidential election results
11
Vietnamese
Core Sentences and
English sentences equivalence of
their sentence pattern
core sentences
50 states certified results.

All 50 states and DC have now certified their 50 tiểu bang đã
presidential election results công nhận kết quả.
(S-V-O)
(CNN)All 50 states and the District of Columbia

50 states certified
have now certified their presidential results, 50 tiểu bang công
presidential result.
according to CNN's tally, as the Electoral nhận kết quả tổng
College process moves forward with the thống.
(S-V-O)
meeting of electors on Monday.
West Virginia became the final state to certify Trump entitled 5 electoral
its presidential election results Wednesday, votes. Ông Trump được 5
formally declaring that President Donald Trump phiếu đại cử tri.
is entitled to the state's five electoral votes. (S-V-O)
President-elect win 306

President-elect Joe Biden is projected to win Tổng thống đắc cử
votes.
306 electoral votes, and Trump is projected to giành được 306
win 232. phiếu bầu.
(S-V-O)
270 electoral votes taken

270 phiếu bầu đại
It takes 270 electoral votes of the 538 available to become president.
cử tri để trở thành
to become president.
tổng thống.
(S-V-C)
The states' certifications come as Trump

has baselessly claimed that the election was Election rigged. Cuộc bầu cử bị
rigged and sowed doubt about the outcome of (S-V) gian lận.
the presidential race.
Dozens of lawsuits challenging the results have Result lawsuits dismissed Kết quả vụ kiện bị
been dismissed at the state and federal levels at the state. bác bỏ tại tiểu
across the country since the November bang.
12
election. (S-V-A)
Each state has different processes for certifying

Các tiểu bang được
results, and some states certified their slate of States certified slate
chứng nhận riêng
presidential electors separately from state and separately. (S-V-O-C)
biệt.
local election results.
The next major step in the Electoral College

process is the meeting of the electors, who Next step is meet electors.
Bước tiếp theo là
are required by law to convene on the first
gặp mặt đại cử tri.
Monday after the second Wednesday in (S-V-O)
December, which this year is December 14.
Electors’ votes transmitted

The electors' votes are later transmitted to Phiếu bầu của đại
in Congress.
officials and counted in a joint session of cử tri được truyền
Congress on January 6. đi trong Quốc hội.
(S-V-A)
Some states have laws that seek to bind their

States have laws to blind
electors to the winning candidate and in some Các tiểu bang có
elector.
instances stipulate that so-called "faithless luật để đánh lừa cử
electors" may be subject to penalties or tri.
(S-V-O-A)
replaced by another elector.
The Supreme Court ruled this summer that Laws punish electoral

Luật pháp trừng
such laws punishing members of the Electoral breaking pledge.
phạt hành vi vi
College for breaking a pledge to vote for the
phạm bầu cử.
state's popular vote winner are constitutional. (S-V-A)
CONCLUSION: The main sentences pattern is used in selected article is Subject-Verb-Object. The
fact that short simple sentences are frequently used in articles, so that reader can easily understand.
SVO pattern can make their meaning clear and easily to remember.
3.3.2 Noun phrase in selected articles and their Vietnamese equivalents

In English language, noun phrases play an important role in a sentence, especially in the structure.
And complex noun phrases are the most common with three components which are pre-
modification, head noun and post-modification. This diagram shows typical structure of a complex
noun phrase in English:
13
ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE
Premodifier Head Noun Post-modifier

Closed system Open Class
d
A
r
P
o
N
e
R
Post-determiner
Predeterminer
Determiner
Ving-V-ed
Adjective
Noun
Grammatical words Contentive words Contentive words
Therefore, the table below lists some typical complex noun phrase and their Vietnamese equivalents
in 20 articles of US presidential election 2020:
Art Noun Phrase Vietnamese

No.
Premodifier Head Noun Postmodifier
7 a crisp evening in Một buổi tối mùa thu rực rỡ ở

autumnal southern Georgia miền nam Georgia
a front-row seat on the makeshift Một hàng ghế trước trên chiếc xe
risers tăng tạm thời
three separate counts x Ba số đếm riêng biệt
a thin margin x Một lề mỏng
the conspiracy theories about Dominion Thuyết âm mưu về phần mềm bỏ
voting software phiếu Dominion
two candidates x Hai ứng cử viên Thượng viện của
Republican Đảng Cộng hòa
Senate
10 the lame duck president x Ông tống thống vịt què
his attacks on US democracy Các cuộc tấn công của anh ấy
vào nền dân chủ Hoa Kỳ
supporting evidence x Chứng cứ ủng hộ
the transfer of power Sự chuyển giao quyền lực
the long- system. x Hệ thống Mỹ được ấp ủ từ lâu.
cherished
American
little political sense x Ý thức chính trị nhỏ
17 their results x Kết quả tổng thống của họ
presidential
14
the meeting of electors Cuộc họp của các cử tri

the state's five votes x Năm phiếu đại cử tri của bang
electoral
local election results x Kết quả bầu cử địa phương
a joint session of Congress Một phiên họp chung của Quốc
hội
faithless x x Những cử tri vô tín
electors
4 a presidential election x Một cuộc bầu cử tổng thống
the resilience of American Khả năng phục hồi của nền dân
democracy chủ Mỹ
the attorney acknowledged x Sự thừa nhận của tổng chưởng lý
general
18 an attorney announcement x Một thông báo của tổng chưởng
general lý
The four finalists x Bốn người vào chung kết
former adviser x Cựu cố vấn an ninh quốc gia

national
security
19 a US winner x Một người chiến thắng cuộc bầu
presidential cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ
election
a record number of votes Số phiếu bầu kỷ lục
data from the Dữ liệu từ Hãng thông tấn
Associated Press
20 external pressures Áp lực bên ngoài
the choice of attorney Sự lựa chọn của luật sư
political influence x Ảnh hưởng chính trị
14 a series of claims of fraud in the Một loạt các tuyên bố vô căn cứ
unfounded state về gian lận trong tiểu bang
legal challenges x Thách thức pháp lý
the latest rebuke x Lời quở trách chính thức mới nhất
official
5 evidence of widespread Bằng chứng về gian lận cử tri phổ
voter fraud biến
an outstanding job x Một công việc xuất sắc
a “partisan” onslaught x Một "cuộc tấn công dữ dội của
đảng phái"
CONCLUSION: To sum up, both English and Vietnamese complex NP have the ability of
combination with 3 parts. But it is clearly that most of subordinate elements in English stand before
head noun while those in Vietnamese follow the head noun. Premodifier in English stand behind the
head noun in Vietnamese.
15
3.3.3. Nominalization in selected articles and their Vietnamese equivalents

Nominalizations are nouns that are created from adjectives (words that describe nouns) or verbs
(action words). For example, “interference” is a nominalization of “interfere,” “decision” is a
nominalization of “decide,” and “argument” is a nominalization of “argue.”
Nominalized English Vietnamese equivalents

1 Polling [art.7] Việc thăm dò ý kiến
2 Voting [art.7] Việc bỏ phiếu
Anticipating further resistance from Trump
Dự đoán sự phản kháng tiếp theo từ ông
3 and his allies, … [Art.4]
Trump và các cộng sự của mình, …
Their unwavering commitment to the Ông nói: Sự cam kết kiên định của họ đối
4
electoral process …[Art.4] với quá trình bầu cử …
5 Warning [Art.8] (Sự) cảnh báo
6 Democracy undermining [Art.13] Phá hoại nền dân chủ
Polling, however, shows a majority Tuy nhiên, các cuộc thăm dò cho thấy đa số
7 of Republicans believe the president. đảng viên Đảng Cộng hòa tin vào tổng
[Art.13] thống.
8 Conservatives protesting [Art.18] Những người bảo thủ phản đối.
9 Life-threatening [Art.3] Sự đe dọa cuộc sống
10 Fundamental undermining [Art.5] Sự phá hoại cơ bản.
CONCLUSION: In general, a Verb Phrase in Vietnamese can be nominalized mainly by using
premodifier ‘việc’ and ‘sự” before lexical verb.
3.3.4. Headline interpreting

a, Headlines in form of simple sentences
(1) Headlines in present tense
Articles Headlines Full form
Art.4 Biden hails the democracy and rebukes Joe Biden hails democracy and
Trump after the electoral college victory rebukes Trump after electoral college
victory
Art.5 William Barr steps down as Trump's William Barr steps down as Trump's
attorney general attorney general
Art.14 William Barr says there is no evidence of William Barr says that there is no
widespread fraud in presidential election evidence of widespread fraud in the
presidential election.
Art.6 Supreme Court rejects Texas' and Trump's The Supreme Court rejects Texas'
bid to overturn election and Trump's bid to overturn the
election.
Art.9 Supreme court rejects Republican bid to Supreme court rejects Republican bid
overturn Biden's Pennsylvania victory to overturn Biden's Pennsylvania
16
victory.
Art.12 Loeffler leaves open the option of The Loeffler leaves open the option of
objecting to the Electoral College results objecting to the Electoral College
results
Art.2 Donald Trump says he will leave White Donald Trump said that he would
House if electoral college votes for Joe leave the White House if electoral
Biden college votes for Joe Biden
Art.1 Donald Trump releases video statement Donald Trump releases video
repeating baseless vote fraud claims statement repeating baseless vote
fraud claims
Art.15 Brazil and Mexico presidents recognize Brazil and Mexico presidents
Biden's victory after facing criticism recognize Biden's victory after facing
criticism.
(2) Headlines in passive voice
Art.20 Biden's search for an attorney general Biden's search for an attorney general
complicated by 'competing questions' was complicated by 'competing
questions'
(3) Headlines with verbs expressing the future tense
Art.4 Biden hopes to complete Cabinet picks by Joe Biden hopes that he will complete
Christmas Cabinet picked by Christmas
b, Headlines in the form of questions
Art.10 ‘Will he ever concede?’: Trump keeps ‘Will he ever concede?’: Trump keeps
GOP leaders in endless political limbo GOP leaders in the endless political
limbo
c, Headlines in form of quotation
Art.7 'I won't vote next time': could Georgia 'I won't vote next time': could Georgia
Republicans' doubts cost them the Republicans' doubts cost them the
runoffs? runoffs?
d, Headlines in form of omission
Art.3 Violence flares in Washington as far- Violence flares clashed in Washington
right Trump supporters clash with as far-right Trump supporters with
counter-protesters counter-protesters
Art.11 Trump 'penned political suicide note' at Trump 'penned the political suicide note'
every Covid press conference, former at every Covid press conference, former
17
Australian PM says Australian PM says

Art.8 Top Trump ally Chris Christie says it's Top Trump ally Chris Christie says it's
time to accept Biden won the election time to accept Biden election won
Art.16 Electoral college vote may be knockout Electoral college vote may be knockout
blow to Trump's ploy to subvert election blow to Trump's ploy to subvert election
After doing research about 20 articles of US presidential election 2020 on The Guardian and CNN, it
is clearly that most headlines are written in simple sentences and other types of headlines are also
used.
3.4. Terms and expressions about political and their Vietnamese equivalents
Politics is a special term, there is often information about political or elections in the news. Therefore,
understanding politics vocabulary is very important. In this part of the research, we would provide
you terms and expressions about politics and their Vietnamese equivalents.
3.4.1. Terms and expressions in form of noun phrase

No. Expression Vietnamese equivalents
1 Campaign Spokesperson Người phát ngôn của chiến dịch
2 Campaign team Đội chiến dịch
3 US Democracy Nền dân chủ Hoa Kỳ
4 the wider electorate Cử tri rộng lớn hơn
5 a conservative Government một chính phủ bảo thủ
6 Political Independent Độc lập chính trị
7 Campaign Lawyer Luật sư của chiến dịch
8 National party Leader Lãnh đạo đảng quốc gia
9 Nominee for US Đề cử cho Hoa Kỳ
10 Foreign Policy Experience Kinh nghiệm Chính sách Đối ngoại
11 Political limbo Sự lấp lửng trong chính trị
12 Political Party Đảng chính trị
13 Knowledge of politics Kiến thức về chính trị
14 Poll worker Nhân viên thăm dò ý kiến
15 Presidential Election Bầu cử tổng thống
16 a Seat on a key court Một ghế trên phiên tòa
17 Televised Debate Tranh cử trên truyền hình
18 The state’s constitution Hiến pháp của tiểu bang
19 Vice President Phó tổng thống
20 the presidential Vote Phiếu bầu tổng thống
3.4.2. Terms and expressions in form of verb phrase
No. Expression Vietnamese equivalents g
1 to Elect Chọn
2 to Run Tranh cử
3 Vote for Bầu cho
4 Run for election Tranh cử cho cuộc bầu cử
5 to re-elected Chọn lại
3.4.3. Terms and expressions in form of adjectival phrase
18
1 conservative majority đa số bảo thủ

2 Federal Liên bang
3 Socialist Nhà xã hội học
4 Liberal Tự do
3.4.4. Terms and expressions in form of adverb phrase
1 By mail Qua thư
2 in the state Trong bang
3 in the runoff election Trong dòng chảy của cuộc bầu cử
4 in the transfer of power Trong sự chuyển giao quyền lực
3.4.5. Terms and expressions in form of prepositional phrase
No. Expression Meaning
1 by the president Bởi ngài tổng thống
2 against the threat Chống lại mối đe dọa
4. Translation of selected articles

Art .1: Aratani L. (2020). Donald Trump releases video statement repeating baseless vote
fraud claims (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/02/donald-trump-video-statement-
baseless-vote-fraud-claims)
ÔNG DONALD TRUMP PHÁT HÀNH VIDEO TUYÊN BỐ LẶP LẠI TUYÊN BỐ GIAN LẬN
PHIẾU BẦU VÔ CĂN CỨ
Tổng thống tuyên bố hệ thống bầu cử 'đang được phối hợp tấn công'
Bộ tư pháp không tìm thấy bằng chứng về gian lận đáng kể.
Facebook và Twitter đã đưa ra cảnh báo về một video tuyên bố dài 46 phút được ông Donald
Trump phát hành vào thứ Tư, trong đó tổng thống lặp lại những tuyên bố vô căn cứ về gian lận cử
tri trong cuộc bầu cử vào tháng 11, mà ông đã thua ông Joe Biden.
Tổng thống đắc cử Biden, một đảng viên Dân chủ kỳ cựu, đã giành chiến thắng trong cuộc bầu cử
tổng thống với 306 phiếu đại cử tri đoàn, so với con số 232. Tuy nhiên, ông Trump đã từ chối
nhượng bộ, và thay vào đó đã khởi động - và thua - các cuộc chiến pháp lý mong manh ở một số
bang, theo các chuyên gia cho biết xuất hiện nhằm mục đích kéo dài việc kiểm phiếu và tạo ra
một thông tin không chắc chắn trong quá trình bầu cử.
“Đây có thể là bài phát biểu quan trọng nhất mà tôi từng thực hiện”, ông Trump nói trong video
trước khi đưa ra những tuyên bố dài dòng, lan man và vô căn cứ rằng hệ thống bầu cử của Mỹ
“đang bị tấn công và bao vây phối hợp”.
Ông Trump, người phát biểu từ Phòng Ngoại giao, tiếp tục phản đối vô ích của mình chống lại
cuộc bầu cử ngay cả khi tiểu bang xác nhận kết quả của nó và khi Biden thúc đẩy việc thành lập
nội các của mình trước lễ nhậm chức vào ngày 20 tháng 1.
Ông Biden nhận được kỷ lục 81 triệu phiếu so với 74 triệu của Trump. Đảng Dân chủ cũng giành
được 306 phiếu đại cử tri so với 232 của Trump. Sự phân chia đại cử tri đoàn phù hợp với chiến
19
thắng của ông Trump trước bà Hillary Clinton bốn năm trước, mà khi đó ông mô tả là một "trận lở
đất".
Ông Trump đào sâu hơn vào tranh cãi của mình về một "cuộc bầu cử gian lận" mặc dù các thành
viên trong chính quyền của ông, bao gồm cả tổng chưởng lý, Ngài William Barr, nói rằng không có
bằng chứng về gian lận cử tri phổ biến đã được phát hiện. Các tòa án ở nhiều bang chiến trường
đã đưa ra hàng loạt vụ kiện thay mặt tổng thống.
“Đây không chỉ là việc tôn vinh số phiếu của 74 triệu người Mỹ đã bầu cho tôi,” ông Trump nói.
“Đó là về việc đảm bảo rằng người Mỹ có thể tin tưởng vào cuộc bầu cử này. Và trong tất cả các
cuộc bầu cử trong tương lai ”.
Đoạn video của Ông Trump được đưa ra một ngày sau khi Barr cho biết Bộ Tư pháp Hoa Kỳ đã
không phát hiện ra bằng chứng về việc gian lận cử tri trên diện rộng sẽ thay đổi kết quả của cuộc
bầu cử tổng thống.
Trong một cuộc phỏng vấn với Associated Press, Barr cho biết các luật sư Hoa Kỳ và đặc vụ FBI
đã làm việc để theo dõi các khiếu nại và thông tin nhưng không phát hiện ra bằng chứng nào có
thể thay đổi kết quả của cuộc bầu cử.
“Cho đến nay, chúng tôi chưa thấy gian lận trên quy mô nào có thể dẫn đến một kết quả khác
trong cuộc bầu cử,” Barr nói.
Các luật sư chiến dịch tranh cử của ông Trump là Rudy Giuliani và Jenna Ellis cho biết trong một
tuyên bố: "Với sự tôn trọng lớn nhất đối với tổng chưởng lý, ý kiến của ông ấy dường như không
có bất kỳ kiến thức hoặc điều tra nào về những bất thường đáng kể và bằng chứng về gian lận có
hệ thống."
Khi thời hạn cuối cùng vào ngày 8 tháng 12 để các tiểu bang chứng nhận kết quả của họ sắp đến,
ông Trump đang nhanh chóng hết các lựa chọn để tranh chấp kết quả của cuộc bầu cử.
Nhiều tuyên bố của ông Trump, bao gồm cả cuộc bầu cử Hoa Kỳ là đối tượng của "gian lận cử tri"
phổ biến, đã bị bóc mẽ liên tục trong những tuần gần đây.
'Nó phải dừng lại': Đảng Cộng hòa Georgia nói rằng lời hùng biện về cuộc bầu cử của ông Trump
sẽ dẫn đến bạo lực - video
Trên thực tế, Christopher Krebs, Giám đốc Cơ quan An ninh mạng và Cơ sở hạ tầng của Bộ An
ninh Nội địa, đã lên tiếng tin tưởng vào tính toàn vẹn của cuộc bầu cử trước cuộc bỏ phiếu vào
tháng 11. Và sau đó, anh ta đã bác bỏ những cáo buộc rằng số đếm bị làm bẩn bởi gian lận.
Krebs đã bị ông Trump sa thải vài tuần trước.
Đoạn video được phát hành một ngày sau khi một trong những quan chức bầu cử hàng đầu của
Georgia đưa ra lời khẩn thiết yêu cầu ông Trump giảm bớt luận điệu phản bác kết quả bầu cử, nói
rằng tổng thống đang "truyền cảm hứng cho mọi người thực hiện các hành vi bạo lực tiềm ẩn".
Gabriel Sterling, một đảng viên Cộng hòa, người giám sát việc thực hiện hệ thống bỏ phiếu mới
20
của tiểu bang, cũng đưa ra cảnh báo rõ ràng rằng nếu ông Trump và những người ủng hộ ông
không kiềm chế thông tin sai lệch về bầu cử thì “ai đó sẽ bị tổn thương”.
Sterling, người quản lý hệ thống bỏ phiếu cho văn phòng ngoại trưởng Georgia, cho biết tuần
trước rằng anh ta có cảnh sát bảo vệ xung quanh nhà của mình vì những lời đe dọa anh ta nhận
được sau khi kết quả bầu cử được công bố. Ông Trump đã thua Georgia khoảng 13.000 phiếu
bầu.
Ông Trump đã đáp lại lời cầu xin của Sterling bằng cách đăng những tuyên bố vô căn cứ về cuộc
bầu cử ở Georgia và chỉ trích thống đốc đảng Cộng hòa của bang, Brian Kemp. Twitter đã gắn cờ
tweet của anh ấy là "tranh chấp".
Art.2: Farrer M. (2020). Donald Trump says he will leave White House if electoral college
votes for Joe Biden (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/27/donald-trump-says-he-
will-leave-white-house-if-electoral-college-votes-for-joe-biden )
TỔNG THỐNG DONALD TRUMP NÓI RẰNG ÔNG SẼ RỜI NHÀ TRẮNG NẾU CỬ TRI ĐOÀN
BỎ PHIẾU CHO NGÀI JOE BIDEN
Đây là lần phát biểu gần nhất của tổng thống, thừa nhận thất bại trong cuộc bầu cử và chuẩn bị
cho cuộc bỏ phiếu đoàn vào ngày 14 tháng 12
Trong lần phát biểu gần nhất mà tổng thống sắp mãn nhiệm phải thừa nhận thất bại, Donald
Trump đã nói rằng ông sẽ rời Nhà Trắng vào tháng 1 nếu cử tri đoàn bỏ phiếu cho tổng thống đắc
cử của đảng Dân chủ Joe Biden.
Ông Biden đã thắng cuộc bầu cử tổng thống với 306 phiếu đại cử tri đoàn - nhiều hơn so với 270
phiếu được yêu cầu – và nhiều hơn 232 phiếu so với ông Trump. Ông Biden cũng dẫn trước ông
Trump hơn 6 triệu trong cuộc kiểm phiếu phổ thông.
Cho đến nay, ông Trump vẫn bất chấp truyền thống bằng cách từ chối thừa nhận thất bại, thay
vào đó đưa ra một loạt tuyên bố vô căn cứ về cáo buộc gian lận lá phiếu và tung ra các nỗ lực
pháp lý để thách thức kết quả ở một số bang như Pennsylvania và Michigan.
Nhưng những nỗ lực tuyệt vọng của Trump và các phụ tá nhằm lật ngược kết quả ở các bang
quan trọng, bằng các vụ kiện hoặc bằng cách gây sức ép với các nhà lập pháp bang, đã thất bại.
Phát biểu với các phóng viên vào kỳ nghỉ Lễ Tạ ơn, ông Trump cho biết nếu ông Biden - người sẽ
tuyên thệ nhậm chức vào ngày 20 tháng 1 - được cử tri đoàn chứng nhận là người chiến thắng
trong cuộc bầu cử, ông sẽ rời Nhà Trắng.
Những bình luận của ông Trump, được đưa ra với các phóng viên tại Nhà Trắng sau khi nói
chuyện với quân đội trong bài phát biểu Ngày Lễ Tạ ơn truyền thống với các thành viên quân đội
Hoa Kỳ, dường như đưa ông ta tiến gần hơn đến việc thừa nhận thất bại.
Được hỏi liệu ông có rời Nhà Trắng nếu cuộc bỏ phiếu đại học chống lại ông, Trump nói: “Chắc
chắn là tôi sẽ làm. Và bạn biết điều đó, "nói thêm rằng:" Nếu họ làm vậy, họ đã mắc sai lầm. "
Ông Donald Trump đến tham dự sự kiện vào tối thứ Năm. Ảnh: Erin Scott / Reuter
21
Tuy nhiên, ông Trump nói rằng đó sẽ là "một điều rất khó để nhượng bộ" và cũng từ chối cho biết
liệu ông có tham dự lễ nhậm chức của ông Biden (dự kiến diễn ra vào ngày 20 tháng 1) hay
không.
Đây là lần đầu tiên ông ấy trả lời các câu hỏi từ các phóng viên kể từ ngày bầu cử, và đôi khi ông
ấy trở nên gay gắt, gọi một phóng viên là “nhẹ cân” và nói với anh ấy rằng “đừng nói chuyện với
tôi như vậy”.
Chính quyền của ông Trump đã bật đèn xanh cho một quá trình chuyển đổi chính thức được tiến
hành. Nhưng ông Trump đã đặt vấn đề với ông Biden trước.
Mặc dù các quan chức từ cả hai nhóm đã làm việc cùng nhau để đưa nhóm của ông Biden tăng
tốc, ông Trump phát biểu “Tôi nghĩ rằng đây là điều không đúng khi ông ấy đang cố gắng chọn
Nội các”.
Tại một thời điểm, ông kêu gọi các phóng viên không cho phép Biden có quyền sử dụng đối với
vắc xin vi-rút corona đang chờ duyệt.
Ông Trump nói: “Đừng để ông ấy có được quyền sử dụng vắc-xin bởi vì tôi đã tiêm vắc-xin và tôi
đã thúc đẩy mọi người cố gắng hơn những gì họ từng bị thúc đẩy trước đây.
Về việc liệu ông có kế hoạch chính thức tuyên bố tranh cử trở lại vào năm 2024 hay không - như
ông đã thảo luận với các phụ tá, ông Trump không “muốn nói về năm 2024”.
Trong các dòng tweet vào đêm muộn, ông Trump phàn nàn rằng truyền thông đã không đưa tin
về cuộc họp báo của ông theo cách ông muốn, rằng điểm chính mà ông cố gắng đưa ra là ông đã
thắng cử. Twitter đã gắn cờ bình luận của ông ấy.
Các cử tri đoàn sẽ họp vào ngày 14 tháng 12 khi các đại cử tri được đề cử của mỗi bang sẽ bỏ
phiếu cho người chiến thắng trong lá phiếu tổng thống của bang. Quốc hội chính thức kiểm phiếu
vào ngày 6 tháng 1.
Khi được hỏi về bình luận của ông Trump, người phát ngôn chiến dịch tranh cử của ông Biden,
Michael Gwin nói: “Tổng thống đắc cử ông Biden đã giành được 306 phiếu đại cử tri. Các tiểu
bang tiếp tục chứng nhận những kết quả đó, Cử tri đoàn sẽ sớm họp để phê chuẩn kết quả đó ",
ông nói thêm:" Ngài Biden sẽ tuyên thệ nhậm chức Tổng thống vào ngày 20 tháng 1 năm 2021. "
Ông Trump cho thấy rằng mình có ý định tiếp tục tranh cãi chính trị cho đến khi kết thúc nhiệm kỳ
của mình, hôm thứ Năm, ông Trump cho biết, ông sẽ rời đi vào ngày 5 tháng 12 tới Georgia, một
bang từng là đảng Cộng hòa, nơi mà ông đã thua ông Biden trong gang tấc, để vận động cho hai
ứng cử viên Thượng viện của Đảng Cộng hòa.
Hai cuộc bầu cử nước rút ở Georgia vào ngày 5 tháng 1 sẽ quyết định liệu đảng Cộng hòa có giữ
được đa số tại Thượng viện hay không.
Cả ông Biden và ông Trump đều ở gần nhà để ăn mừng Lễ Tạ ơn khi đại dịch vi rút corona hoành
hành khắp đất nước. Ông Biden đã dành kỳ nghỉ với gia đình ở Delaware, viết theo phong cách
22
tổng thống trong một thông điệp đăng trên Twitter. Ông nói rằng người Mỹ đang thực hiện một
"sự hy sinh chung cho cả đất nước" và một "tuyên bố về mục đích chung" bằng cách ở nhà với
gia đình trực hệ của họ.
Ông Trump thường thích tổ chức các kỳ nghỉ tại khu nghỉ dưỡng Mar-a-Largo của mình ở Florida.
Nhưng vào thứ Năm, ông ấy vẫn ở khu vực Washington, dành một phần buổi sáng tại Câu lạc bộ
Golf Quốc gia Trump ở Virginia, nơi ông ấy chơi một vòng gôn.
Hoa Kỳ đang nhanh chóng chạm tới 13 triệu ca nhiễm Covid-19 được xác nhận, và đến thứ Năm,
hơn 263.000 người ở nước này đã tử vong vì vi rút corona.
Art.8: LeBlanc P. (2020). Top Trump ally Chris Christie says it's time to accept Biden won
the election (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/17/politics/chris-christie-us-election-
cnntv/index.html)
ĐỒNG MINH HÀNG ĐẦU CỦA ÔNG TRUMP, NGÀI CHRIS CHRISTIE NÓI RẰNG ĐÃ ĐẾN LÚC
CHẤP NHẬN VIỆC ÔNG BIDEN THẮNG CỬ
Washington (CNN) Cựu Thống đốc bang New Jersey Chris Christie, một đồng minh trung thành
của Tổng thống Donald Trump, cho biết vào tối thứ Năm rằng đã đến lúc chấp nhận rằng Joe
Biden thắng cuộc bầu cử năm 2020 khi Tổng thống tiếp tục đưa ra các thuyết âm mưu vô căn cứ
rằng nhiệm kỳ thứ hai của ông đang bị đánh cắp .
Ông Christie nói với Chris Cuomo của CNN trên" Prime Time: "Bất cứ khi nào bất kỳ ai thua cuộc
bầu cử - đảng phái, một cá nhân - đều có sự thất vọng lớn. Nhưng các cuộc bầu cử có hậu quả
và cuộc bầu cử này rõ ràng đã được Tổng thống đắc cử Biden thắng với tỷ lệ tương tự trong Đại
cử tri đoàn mà Tổng thống Trump đã thắng bốn năm trước - - thậm chí nhiều hơn, gần gấp đôi số
phiếu phổ thông,”
"Cuộc bầu cử này, tôi với tư cách là một cựu công tố viên thấy rằng không có bằng chứng nào
được đưa ra cho thấy bất kỳ gian lận nào có thể thay đổi kết quả của cuộc bầu cử. Đã đến lúc
chúng ta phải chấp nhận thất bại đó. Đồng thời, hãy chấp nhận chúng tôi đã giành được nhiều
chiến thắng trong đêm đó. Mười bốn thành viên mới của Hạ viện, hai cơ quan lập pháp ở cấp tiểu
bang đã chuyển đổi và một chức thống đốc được chuyển sang cho đảng Cộng hòa. "
Ông tiếp tục nói "Chúng tôi đã có một đêm tuyệt vời ngoại trừ việc đứng đầu trong chiếc vé,". "Vì
vậy, chúng ta cần chấp nhận điều đó và chúng ta cần phải bước tiếp."
Những bình luận từ ngài Christie, người trước đây đã chế giễu đội ngũ pháp lý của ông Trump là
"sự xấu hổ quốc gia", xuất hiện khi ngày càng nhiều đảng viên Cộng hòa cấp cao thừa nhận chiến
thắng của Biden và gọi ông chính xác là "Tổng thống đắc cử".
"Cử tri đoàn đã lên tiếng", Lãnh đạo Đa số Thượng viện Mitch McConnell nói trên sàn Thượng
viện vào đầu tuần này, và nói thêm, "Hôm nay tôi muốn chúc mừng Tổng thống đắc cử Joe
Biden."
23
Nhưng rất nhiều đảng viên Cộng hòa trên Đồi Capitol vẫn đứng về phía ông Trump hoặc phớt lờ
các lý thuyết âm mưu hàng ngày của ông. Và những người bảo vệ trung thành nhất của Tổng
thống đang thúc giục ông chiến đấu với sự mất mát của mình trong suốt chặng đường tới Hạ viện
vào tháng Giêng.
Không có gì lạ khi những người ủng hộ nhiệt thành nhất của một ứng cử viên thua cuộc đưa
trường hợp của họ lên sàn Hạ viện - điều xảy ra sau các cuộc đua tổng thống năm 2016, 2004 và
2000. Nhưng thật bất thường khi ứng cử viên thua cuộc thực hiện một chiến dịch công khai kéo
dài hàng tuần nhằm gieo rắc mối bất hòa và mất lòng tin vào một trụ cột của nền dân chủ, điều
mà ông Trump đã không ngừng làm kể từ khi thua cuộc đua.
Sau khi bị thúc ép hôm thứ Năm về việc bị coi là không trung thành với Đảng Cộng hòa vì những
bình luận của mình, ông Christie đề nghị: "Tôi là người dựa vào sự thật."
Ông Christie nói: "Sự thật là mọi vụ kiện này đều đã bị loại ra khỏi tòa án, không phải vì các thẩm
phán này và chắc chắn không phải các thẩm phán của Tòa án Tối cao thiếu can đảm. Đó là vì các
tuyên bố thiếu bằng chứng".
"Bạn phải chiến đấu dựa trên các sự kiện," ông ấy nói thêm, "và vì vậy việc gọi tên sẽ không thay
đổi bất cứ điều gì vào thời điểm này."
Art.10: McCarthy T. (2020). ‘Will he ever concede?’: Trump keeps GOP leaders in endless
political limbo (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/09/trump-republicans-
presidential-election-joe-biden)
"LIỆU ÔNG ẤY CÓ BAO GIỜ NHƯỢNG BỘ?": ÔNG TRUMP GIỮ CÁC NHÀ LÃNH ĐẠO GOP
TRONG TÌNH TRẠNG LẤP LỬNG CHÍNH TRỊ VÔ TẬN
Đảng Cộng hòa trong Quốc hội bám vào hy vọng rằng sự kiện đại cử tri đoàn sẽ thúc đẩy Ông
Trump thừa nhận thực tế của kết quả bầu cử
Đa số cử tri Đảng Cộng hòa cho rằng cuộc bầu cử gian lận, mặc dù không có bằng chứng hỗ trợ,
vẫn đang gia tăng. Ảnh: Erin Scott / Reuters
Đảng Cộng hòa thứ nhất tại Quốc hội đã cho Donald Trump một tuần để thừa nhận ông đã thua
trong cuộc bầu cử tổng thống. Sau đó, họ kêu gọi tổng thống vịt què có ngày ra tòa, nơi chiến
dịch ông Trump đạt được kỷ lục thắng-thua 1-51 khi thách thức chiến thắng của đảng Dân chủ
Joe Biden.
Các đảng viên Đảng Cộng hòa tiếp theo đã chỉ ra thời hạn được gọi là "bến cảng an toàn" là ngày
8 tháng 12, khi các bang sẽ chứng nhận kết quả tương ứng của họ, là ngày mà ông Trump chắc
chắn sẽ buộc phải thừa nhận mất mát của mình. Nhưng thời hạn đó đến và đi vào thứ Ba, dường
như không được Nhà Trắng chú ý.
Bây giờ, nó đang bắt đầu rạng sáng với một số thành viên của ban lãnh đạo Đảng Cộng hòa rằng
ông Trump đang làm việc trên lịch của riêng mình và rằng tình trạng lấp lửng chính trị mà họ đang
24
sống - không thể thực hiện bước cơ bản, như các quan chức được bầu cử ở Hoa Kỳ , về việc
công nhận người chiến thắng hợp pháp trong một cuộc bầu cử tự do và công bằng - có thể không
bao giờ kết thúc, giả sử họ sẽ không đủ can đảm để chống lại ông Trump.
"Tôi không biết rằng anh ấy sẽ bao giờ nhượng bộ", ông John Thune, người đứng đầu Thượng
viện, nói với Politico hôm thứ Tư. Hơn 200 thành viên Đảng Cộng hòa trong Quốc hội - chiếm
khoảng 90% tổng số - sẽ không công khai ai đã thắng cuộc bầu cử tổng thống, Washington Post
cho biết.
Sự im lặng của Đảng Cộng hòa đã tạo cho ông Trump một cơ hội để mở rộng các cuộc tấn công
của mình vào nền dân chủ Hoa Kỳ. Những lời nói dối trên Twitter của tổng thống về gian lận bầu
cử giả đã leo thang trong tháng trước để bao gồm thông điệp đơn giản trên Twitter
“#OVERTURN”.
Đa số cử tri Đảng Cộng hòa cho rằng cuộc bầu cử là gian lận, bất chấp những phát hiện trái
ngược của chính quyền Trump và không có bằng chứng hỗ trợ, vẫn đang gia tăng.
Cổ phần cao là đồng bằng. Như chính ông Trump đã nói vào hôm thứ Tư: "Làm thế nào bạn có
thể có một nhiệm kỳ tổng thống khi đại đa số nghĩ rằng cuộc bầu cử đã được RIGGED?"
Một số đảng viên Đảng Cộng hòa hy vọng rằng các sự kiện sắp tới trong quá trình chuyển giao
quyền lực - những ngày trong tương lai trên lịch bầu cử - sẽ khiến ông Trump thay đổi hướng đi
và giảm bớt áp lực cho họ. Thứ Hai tới, ngày 14 tháng 12, cử tri đoàn họp để bỏ phiếu dựa trên
xác nhận của tiểu bang về kết quả.
Vào ngày 6 tháng 1, Phó Tổng thống Mike Pence, với tư cách là chủ tịch Thượng viện Hoa Kỳ, sẽ
chủ trì một cuộc họp nghi lễ của một phiên họp chung của Quốc hội, tại đó các phiếu đại cử tri
được cộng lại và Joe Biden chính thức được tuyên bố là tổng thống tiếp theo. .
Đại diện Alex Mooney, một đảng viên Cộng hòa từ Tây Virginia, người đã đưa ra một nghị quyết
của Hạ viện hôm thứ Ba, khuyến khích cả ông Trump và ông Biden nhượng bộ cho đến khi tất cả
các cuộc điều tra hoàn thành, bày tỏ tin tưởng rằng quốc hội sẽ thuyết phục ông Trump và chấm
dứt sự im lặng của các đồng nghiệp của ông.
"Kết thúc là khi cuộc gọi điểm danh được đưa ra ở đây," Mooney nói với Associated Press.
Nhưng 5 tuần kể từ khi cuộc bầu cử diễn ra đầy rẫy những suy đoán thiếu sót của các đảng viên
Cộng hòa về thời điểm được cho là sắp xảy ra khi ông Trump thừa nhận thực tế và họ có thể làm
theo một cách an toàn.
Một phụ tá cấp cao của đảng Cộng hòa tại Thượng viện nói với Reuters hôm 10/11: “Tôi nghĩ
mục tiêu ở đây là cho tổng thống và nhóm vận động tranh cử của ông ấy một số không gian để
chứng minh rằng có bằng chứng thực tế để hỗ trợ bất kỳ tuyên bố nào về hành vi gian lận cử tri”.
“Nếu có, thì họ sẽ nhanh chóng bị kiện tụng. Nếu không, tất cả chúng ta sẽ tiếp tục ”.
Một phụ tá thứ hai nói với Reuters vào thời điểm đó: “Tại một số thời điểm, điều này phải có lợi.
25
"Và tôi cho nó một hoặc hai tuần."

Kết quả là một sự bế tắc đầy rủi ro chưa từng có trong lịch sử Hoa Kỳ. Việc từ chối đồng ý về các
dữ kiện của cuộc bầu cử - vốn đã được các bàn quyết định truyền thông hàng đầu, bao gồm cả
Associated Press và, do đó, Guardian, vào ngày 7 tháng 11, kêu gọi Biden, có nguy cơ làm suy
giảm lòng tin của cử tri, đục khoét tính hợp pháp của Nhiệm kỳ tổng thống của ông Biden và sắp
xếp lại các quy tắc dân sự.
Trump đã đưa đảng của mình đi theo con đường chưa từng có này bằng cách tuyên bố cuộc bầu
cử là "gian lận", nhưng sự lãnh đạo của Đảng Cộng hòa đã tạo điều kiện cho những nghi ngờ gia
tăng trong bốn tuần im lặng vừa qua của họ.
Tổng thống đã đích thân kêu gọi một số quan chức dân cử địa phương xem xét lại kết quả. Giờ
đây, cuộc bầu cử gây tranh chấp đã diễn ra một đời sống chính trị riêng mà ban lãnh đạo của
đảng có thể không thể vượt qua, ngay cả khi các thách thức pháp lý của Trump sụp đổ và các
quan chức cấp tiểu bang và quốc gia tuyên bố đây là cuộc bầu cử an toàn nhất trong lịch sử Hoa
Kỳ.
Đảng Cộng hòa nói rằng việc chống lại quan điểm của ông Trump tại thời điểm này không có ý
nghĩa chính trị gì vì họ có nguy cơ bị phản ứng dữ dội từ những người ủng hộ ông - những người
đi bầu cử của chính họ - ở quê nhà.
Họ đang dựa vào cử tri Trump để cấp quyền cho cuộc bầu cử nước ngoài ở Georgia vào ngày 5
tháng 1, sẽ quyết định quyền kiểm soát Thượng viện. Và trong khi một số nhà lập pháp GOP đã
thừa nhậnthắng lợi của Biden, hầu hết họ muốn giữ im lặng, để quá trình diễn ra “một cách tự
nhiên”, như một phụ tá đã nói, vào tháng Giêng.
Nhưng các chuyên gia bầu cử cảnh báo về những thiệt hại lâu dài đối với hệ thống mà Mỹ ấp ủ từ
lâu.
Trey Grayson, cựu Ngoại trưởng Kentucky của Đảng Cộng hòa và là chủ tịch trước đây của Hiệp
hội Thư ký Quốc gia cho biết: “Điều đó rõ ràng làm tổn hại đến niềm tin vào các cuộc bầu cử.
"Hy vọng của tôi," anh ấy nói, là vào ngày 14 tháng 12 "sẽ có thêm một số tiếng nói, nhưng ruột
của tôi là phải đến ngày 6" (của tháng 1).
Edward Foley, một chuyên gia bầu cử và giáo sư luật hiến pháp tại Đại học Bang Ohio, cho biết
đúng là người chiến thắng trong cuộc bầu cử không chính thức là tổng thống đắc cử cho đến khi
Quốc hội tuyên bố như vậy với cuộc bỏ phiếu vào ngày 6 tháng 1 để chấp nhận kết quả cử tri
đoàn.
“Tôi ít quan tâm đến thời gian hơn, nhưng điều đó sẽ xảy ra,” anh nói.
Để người Mỹ “có niềm tin” vào cuộc bầu cử, bên thua phải nhận thất bại. “Sẽ rất, rất nguy hiểm
nếu bên thua không thể đạt được điều đó,” anh nói.
“Điều cần thiết là các bên phải chơi theo đặc tính đó - ngay cả khi một cá nhân, ông Trump, không
26
thể làm điều đó, thì cả nhóm phải làm điều đó,” ông nói.
"Điều rất đáng lo ngại về động lực đã phát triển kể từ ngày bầu cử là đảng không có khả năng
truyền đạt thông điệp đó vì họ đang nắm lấy tín hiệu từ ông Trump."
Art.12: Nobles R. (2020). Loeffler leaves open the option of objecting to the Electoral
College results (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/kelly-loeffler-electoral-
college/index.html)
LOEFFLER ĐỂ NGỎ LỰA CHỌN PHẢN ĐỐI KẾT QUẢ CỦA CỬ TRI ĐOÀN
(CNN) Sen. Kelly Loeffler, một đảng viên Cộng hòa Georgia, người chuẩn bị tái đắc cử trong cuộc
đua nước rút nóng bỏng diễn ra vào ngày 5 tháng 1, để ngỏ khả năng hôm thứ Tư rằng bà có thể
phản đối kết quả Đại cử tri đoàn về chiến thắng của ông Joe
"Ngày 6 tháng 1 là một chặng đường dài; ngay bây giờ chúng tôi có một cuộc đua vào Thượng
viện để tranh cử ở đây - Georgia," bà Loeffler nói. "Chúng ta phải giành chiến thắng. Tương lai
của đất nước nằm ở lá phiếu. Tôi tập trung vào việc đảm bảo rằng chúng ta giành được điều đó,
để giữ lợi thế ở đây ở Georgia chống lại cánh tả cực đoan, các chính sách xã hội chủ nghĩa dân
chủ và đó là những gì Tôi đang làm mỗi ngày. "
Khi được nhắc nếu cô ấy đang để ngỏ tùy chọn, bà Loeffler trả lời: "Tôi chưa xem xét nó. Ngày 6
tháng 1 là một chặng đường dài; có rất nhiều thứ để lo bây giờ."
Bà Loeffler, người đang bị thách thức bởi Linh mục Raphael Warnock, cũng từ chối gọi ông Biden
là Tổng thống đắc cử trong một cuộc họp báo ngắn sau khi bà bỏ phiếu vào sáng thứ Tư cho các
cuộc đua Georgia. Bà đã làm chệch hướng hoặc phớt lờ một số câu hỏi trực tiếp về kết quả của
cuộc bầu cử tổng thống, tuyên bố rằng bà đang tập trung toàn bộ sức lực của mình cho cuộc đua
ngày 5 tháng Giêng.
Bà nói: “Tổng thống có quyền đối với mọi đòi hỏi pháp lý. "Đó là những gì đang diễn ra ngay bây
giờ. Tôi tập trung vào việc chiến thắng cuộc đua này vào ngày 5 tháng 1."
Cả hai ứng cử viên GOP trong cuộc vượt cạn ở Georgia đều thấy mình ở một vị trí khó khăn khi
họ cố gắng kích động các cử tri cơ sở của Đảng Cộng hòa tham gia vào cuộc vượt cạn, dự kiến
sẽ rất gần.
Những nỗ lực của họ đã trở nên phức tạp bởi Tổng thống Donald Trump, người mặc dù tán thành
bà Loeffler và Thượng nghị sĩ GOP David Perdue, đã dành nhiều thời gian để thách thức kết quả
của cuộc đua tổng thống ở Georgia và tấn công các đảng viên Cộng hòa hàng đầu, những người
giám sát quá trình bỏ phiếu và xác nhận kết quả .
Ông Perdue và bà Loeffler đã dựa vào các cuộc tấn công của Tổng thống mà không xác nhận cụ
thể chúng. Trong cuộc tranh luận cuối cùng của bà với ngài Warnock, Loeffler từ chối mô tả cuộc
bầu cử tháng 11 là "gian lận" nhưng cũng từ chối nói rằng ông Biden là người chiến thắng.
Ngài Warnock nhanh chóng phản bác những bình luận của bà Loffler hôm thứ Tư, cáo buộc bà
27
không tôn trọng cử tri ở Georgia.

"Sau nhiều tuần từ chối thừa nhận thực tế cơ bản rằng Joe Biden và Kamala Harris đã thắng cử,
Kelly Loeffler hiện đang để ngỏ cánh cửa thách thức những kết quả đó tại Quốc hội", Warnock
cho biết trong một tuyên bố. "Đó là sự liều lĩnh và thiếu tôn trọng cử tri Georgia."
Các cử tri Đảng Cộng hòa ở Georgia đã gây áp lực rất lớn lên bà Loeffler và ông Perdue để thể
hiện sự ủng hộ đối với nhiệm vụ xấu số của Trump nhằm lật ngược kết quả. Một số đã làm gián
đoạn chiến dịch tranh cử của họ ngừng yêu cầu họ làm nhiều hơn để ủng hộ Trump. Khi cặp đôi
này xuất hiện trên sân khấu với Trump trong một cuộc biểu tình ở Valdosta, đám đông đã nổ ra
trong tiếng hô vang "Chiến đấu cho Trump."
Nó khiến Loeffler và Perdue rơi vào tình thế buộc phải lội nước cẩn thận qua vấn đề nhạy cảm và
cam kết hoàn toàn trung thành với Trump, bất chấp thực tế là kết quả của cuộc đua tổng thống.
Đến nỗi khi Loeffler được hỏi hôm thứ Tư rằng liệu cô ấy có bao giờ thừa nhận rằng Biden đã
thắng cử hay không, cô ấy đã trả lời:
"Nhìn xem, sẽ có lúc cho điều đó, nếu điều đó trở thành sự thật."
Bà Loeffler có thể có tiếng nói vào ngày 6 tháng 1, thắng hoặc thua. Bởi vì bà ấy đang lấp chỗ
trống khi Thượng nghị sĩ Jonny Isakson nghỉ hưu, bà ấy sẽ tiếp tục tại vị cho đến khi kết quả của
cuộc vượt cạn được chứng nhận bởi ngoại trưởng Georgia. Điều đó có thể mất một tuần hoặc lâu
hơn, tùy thuộc vào thời gian để đếm tất cả các phiếu bầu. Có khả năng là ngay cả khi bà ấy là
người thua cuộc rõ ràng, cô ấy vẫn có thể là thành viên của Thượng viện khi Quốc hội triệu tập để
đưa ra kết quả của Cử tri đoàn.
Art.13: Pengelly M. (2020). Trump's fraud claims undermine democracy, ex-US election
security chief says (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/30/trump-election-fraud-
claims-aim-chris-krebs)
CỰU GIÁM ĐỐC AN NINH BẦU CỬ HOA KỲ NÓI, CÁC TUYÊN BỐ GIAN LẬN CỦA ÔNG
TRUMP LÀM SUY YẾU NỀN DÂN CHỦ
Chris Krebs, người đã bị sa thải khỏi Bộ An ninh Nội địa hai tuần sau cuộc bầu cử, gọi hành động
của Trump là nguy hiểm
Chris Krebs trên Đồi Capitol ở Washington DC vào ngày 14 tháng 5 năm 2019.
Ông Donald Trump và các đồng minh của ông đang "phá hoại nền dân chủ" với những tuyên bố
không có bằng chứng về âm mưu và gian lận, cựu người đứng đầu bộ phận an ninh bầu cử Mỹ
cho biết hôm Chủ nhật, thảo luận về nỗ lực mà ông dẫn đầu trước khi bị tổng thống sa thải.
Ông Chris Krebs nói với CBS 60 Minutes: “Những gì tôi thấy rõ ràng là một nỗ lực nhằm làm suy
giảm niềm tin vào cuộc bầu cử, gây hoang mang cho mọi người và khiến mọi người sợ hãi.
Ông Trump gọi cuộc phỏng vấn là "lố bịch, một chiều [và] một trò đùa quốc tế", khi ông tiếp tục
tweet các thuyết âm mưu và tuyên bố vô căn cứ về sơ suất bầu cử.
Ông Trump đã mất đại cử tri đoàn vào tay ông Joe Biden với kết quả 306-232, kết quả mà ông nói
28
là một cú nổ trời khi ông nghiêng về bà Hillary Clinton vào năm 2016. Ông Biden dẫn trước hơn 6
triệu phiếu phổ thông và giành được hơn 80 triệu sự ủng hộ Người Mỹ, hầu hết các ứng cử viên
tổng thống.
Ông Trump đã cho phép quá trình chuyển đổi diễn ra một cách muộn màng nhưng chưa chịu thất
bại, mặc dù nhóm của ông đã thắng một vụ kiện liên quan đến bầu cử và thua 39.
Tiếp tục những tuyên bố vô căn cứ với các phóng viên trong kỳ nghỉ Lễ Tạ ơn, tổng thống đã nói
rằng ông sẽ rời Nhà Trắng nếu cử tri đoàn được xác nhận cho ông Biden. Nó bỏ phiếu vào ngày
14 tháng 12, kết quả được chứng nhận vào ngày 6 tháng 1. Ngày khánh thành là 20 tháng Giêng.
Krebs, 43 tuổi, đã bị sa thải với tư cách là người đứng đầu Cơ quan An ninh mạng và Cơ sở hạ
tầng của Bộ An ninh Nội địa (Cisa) hai tuần sau ngày bầu cử. Hai ngày sau đó, tại trụ sở Ủy ban
Quốc gia Đảng Cộng hòa ở Washington, luật sư Rudy Giuliani của Trump đã tổ chức một cuộc
họp báo, trong đó ông và thành viên nhóm sau đó là Sidney Powell đã bác bỏ những tuyên bố sai
trái của Trump.
“Điều đó thật đáng buồn,” Krebs nói với CBS.
“Đó không phải là tôi, không chỉ là Cisa. Đó là hàng chục nghìn nhân viên bầu cử ngoài kia đã làm
việc không ngừng nghỉ, 18 giờ ngày, trong nhiều tháng. Họ đang nhận được những lời đe dọa tử
vong vì cố gắng thực hiện một trong những thể chế dân chủ cốt lõi của chúng tôi, một cuộc bầu
cử. Và đó, một lần nữa, đối với tôi, một cuộc họp báo… không có ý nghĩa. Những gì nó đang tích
cực làm đang phá hoại nền dân chủ. Và điều đó thật nguy hiểm. ”
Ông Trump đã tweet để đáp lại, một phần của luồng tin nhắn đêm Chủ nhật.
Ông Krebs nói: “Không có thế lực nước ngoài nào đang lật ngược phiếu bầu. “Không có diễn viên
trong nước nào bỏ phiếu. Tôi đã làm đúng. Chúng tôi đã làm đúng. Đây là một cuộc bầu cử an
toàn. "
Những tuyên bố của các luật sư của Trump về sự can thiệp từ Venezuela hoặc Trung Quốc là
"phi lý", ông nói và nói thêm: "Người dân Mỹ nên có 100% tin tưởng vào lá phiếu của họ."
Tuy nhiên, các cuộc thăm dò cho thấy đa số đảng viên Cộng hòa tin rằng tổng thống. Ông Krebs
bảo vệ các quan chức nhà nước mà Trump, và sau đó là những người ủng hộ ông, đã nhắm mục
tiêu.
“Theo quan điểm của tôi, đó là một trò hề đang xảy ra ngay bây giờ với tất cả những lời đe dọa tử
vong đối với các quan chức bầu cử, đối với các ngoại trưởng,” Krebs nói.
“Tôi muốn mọi người nhìn vào Thư ký [Kathy] Boockvar ở Pennsylvania, Thư ký [Jocelyn] Benson
ở Michigan, Thư ký [Barbara] Cegavske ở Nevada, Thư ký [Katie] Hobbs ở Arizona. Tất cả những
phụ nữ mạnh mẽ đang đứng lên, đang bị tấn công từ mọi phía và họ đang bảo vệ nền dân chủ.
Họ đang làm công việc của họ.
“Hãy nhìn Thư ký [Brad] Raffensperger ở Georgia. Đảng Cộng hòa suốt đời. Ông đặt quốc gia
29
trước đảng khi tổ chức một cuộc bầu cử tự do và công bằng ở tiểu bang đó. Có một số anh hùng
thực sự ra khỏi đó. Có một số người yêu nước thực sự ”.
Art.14: Perez E., Cole D. (2020). William Barr says there is no evidence of widespread fraud
in presidential election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/01/politics/william-barr-election-2020/index.html )
NGÀI WILLIAM BARR NÓI RẰNG KHÔNG CÓ BẰNG CHỨNG VỀ GIAN LẬN PHỔ BIẾN
TRONG CUỘC BẦU CỬ TỔNG THỐNG
(CNN) Bộ Tư pháp đã không tìm thấy bằng chứng hỗ trợ các cáo buộc gian lận trên diện rộng có
thể đã thay đổi kết quả cuộc bầu cử tổng thống vào tháng trước, Bộ trưởng Tư pháp William Barr
cho biết trong một cuộc phỏng vấn với Associated Press được công bố hôm thứ Ba.
Những bình luận từ ông Barr, người luôn kiên định ủng hộ Tổng thống Donald Trump trong nhiệm
kỳ của ông, thể hiện sự quở trách chính thức mới nhất từ các đảng viên Cộng hòa về những
tuyên bố của Tổng thống về hành vi gian lận trên diện rộng để thua ôngJoe Biden.
“Cho đến nay, chúng tôi chưa thấy gian lận trên quy mô có thể dẫn đến kết quả khác trong cuộc
bầu cử,” ông Barr nói.
Ông Barr, người trước cuộc bầu cử lặp lại tuyên bố của Trump rằng bỏ phiếu bằng thư không an
toàn, cho biết cả Bộ Tư pháp và Bộ An ninh Nội địa đã xem xét các tuyên bố gian lận và đưa ra
kết quả trống.
“Có một khẳng định rằng đó sẽ là gian lận có hệ thống và đó sẽ là khẳng định rằng máy móc
được lập trình về cơ bản để làm sai lệch kết quả bầu cử,” ông Barr nói. "Và DHS và DOJ đã xem
xét điều đó, và cho đến nay, chúng tôi chưa thấy bất cứ điều gì để chứng minh điều đó."
Thông báo của ông Barr được đưa ra cùng ngày, ông công khai tiết lộ rằng ông đã bổ nhiệm Luật
sư Hoa Kỳ Connecticut John Durham làm cố vấn đặc biệt điều tra xem liệu tình báo và cơ quan
thực thi pháp luật có vi phạm luật trong việc điều tra chiến dịch tranh cử tổng thống ông Trump
năm 2016 hay không - về cơ bản giữ vấn đề đó tồn tại trong chính quyền ông Biden.
Ông Trump và các luật sư của ông vẫn đang theo đuổi những thách thức pháp lý tuyệt vọng đối
với kết quả bầu cử năm 2020 ở một số bang quan trọng, mặc dù thực tế là một số trong số họ đã
chứng nhận kết quả của mình.
Thống đốc bang Arizona Doug Ducey hôm thứ Hai cho biết cuộc bầu cử ở bang của ông đã diễn
ra an toàn, khiến Tổng thống lên án.
"Tôi đã khá thẳng thắn về hệ thống bầu cử của Arizona và khoe khoang về nó một chút, kể cả
trong Phòng Bầu dục", thống đốc Đảng Cộng hòa đã tweet một phần, ca ngợi các luật và thực
tiễn bầu cử của bang là an toàn và trao quyền cho cử tri. Biden đã đánh bại Trump với 10.457
phiếu bầu ở Arizona, văn phòng ngoại trưởng cho biết.
Và tuần trước, Thống đốc bang Georgia Brian Kemp và ngoại trưởng Georgia đã từ chối lời kêu
gọi của ông Trump yêu cầu họ lật ngược kết quả bầu cử của bang sau khi họ được chứng nhận.
30
Ông Trump đã đưa ra một loạt các tuyên bố vô căn cứ về việc gian lận trong tiểu bang mà không
có bằng chứng nào và ông đã thua ông Biden ở bang này với hơn 12.000 phiếu bầu. Ông Trump
đã chỉ trích Kemp về cách anh ta xử lý việc kiểm phiếu lại của nhà nước.
Barr trước đây đã đưa ra những tuyên bố tương tự với những tuyên bố mà ông Trump đã nhiều
lần đưa ra, kể cả vào tháng 9, khi ông đưa ra một số tuyên bố sai và gây hiểu lầm với Wolf Blitzer
của CNN trong một cuộc phỏng vấn, trong đó ông lên án các bang sử dụng bỏ phiếu bằng thư
trong đại dịch coronavirus.
Barr cho biết: “Những người cố gắng thay đổi các quy tắc sang điều này, phương pháp luận này -
về mặt logic, rất dễ xảy ra gian lận và ép buộc - là liều lĩnh và nguy hiểm và mọi người đang chơi
với lửa”.
Bình luận của ông Barr gần như chắc chắn sẽ đặt ra câu hỏi về mối quan hệ của Trump với tổng
chưởng lý của ông ấy trong tương lai, đặc biệt là khi ông Chris Krebs, quan chức điều hành bộ
phận mạng của Bộ An ninh Nội địa, đã bị Tổng thống đuổi việc vì một tuyên bố mà ông đưa ra.
Tuyên bố của ông Trump về gian lận cử tri rộng rãi là "rất không chính xác."
Ông Barr đã đến Nhà Trắng vào thứ Ba để có cuộc gặp được lên kế hoạch trước với Chánh văn
phòng Mark Meadows, một quan chức nói với CNN.
Hai luật sư làm việc cho ông Trump đã nhanh chóng từ chối đánh giá của ông Barr vào thứ Ba,
lặp lại tuyên bố của họ rằng họ có "bằng chứng phong phú về việc bỏ phiếu bất hợp pháp ở ít
nhất sáu tiểu bang," mà họ nói rằng tổng chưởng lý không bí mật.
Các luật sư Rudy Giuliani và Jenna Ellis cho biết: “Với sự tôn trọng lớn nhất đối với tổng chưởng
lý, ý kiến của ông ấy dường như không có bất kỳ kiến thức hoặc điều tra nào về những bất
thường đáng kể và bằng chứng về gian lận có hệ thống,” luật sư Rudy Giuliani và Jenna Ellis cho
biết trong một tuyên bố.
Art.15: Phillips T., Agren D. (2020) Brazil and Mexico presidents recognize Biden's victory
after facing criticism (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/mexico-amlo-lopez-
obrador-congratulates-joe-biden)
TỔNG THỐNG BRAZIL VÀ MEXICO CÔNG NHẬN CHIẾN THẮNG CỦA BIDEN SAU KHI VẤP
PHẢI CHỈ TRÍCH
Ngài Jair Bolsonaro và ngài Andrés Manuel López Obrador đều thừa nhận chiến thắng của Đảng
Dân chủ sau sáu tuần do dự
Ngài Jair Bolsonaro ở Brasília, Brazil, vào ngày 23 tháng 10. Ảnh: Adriano Machado / Reuters
Các nhà lãnh đạo dân túy của Brazil và Mexico cuối cùng đã công nhận chiến thắng bầu cử của
Joe Biden sau khi vấp phải những lời chỉ trích nặng nề vì sự chần chừ trong sáu tuần của họ.
“Xin gửi lời chúc mừng đến Tổng thống Joe Biden với những lời chúc tốt đẹp nhất của tôi và hy
vọng rằng Hoa Kỳ tiếp tục là vùng đất của tự do và quê hương của những người dũng cảm”,
Tổng thống Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, một người rất ngưỡng mộ ông Donald Trump, đã tweet vào
31
cuối ngày Chiều Thứ Ba. "Tôi sẽ sẵn sàng làm việc với chính phủ mới."
Trước đó, ngài Andrés Manuel López Obrador, tổng thống Mexico, đã gửi cho tổng thống đắc cử
Hoa Kỳ một bức thư dài hai trang ấm áp tương phản với lời nhắn nhủ nhiệt tình dài bảy trang mà
ông gửi cho Trump sau cuộc bầu cử của chính ông vào năm 2018.
Quảng cáo
Quyết định của ông López Obrador đã khiến ông Bolsonaro trở thành thành viên nổi bật nhất của
một nhóm nhỏ những người nắm giữ quyền lực vẫn từ chối xác nhận kết quả. Tổng thống Nga,
ngài Vladimir Putin, cũng chúc mừng ông Biden vào hôm thứ Ba, chúc tổng thống đắc cử "mọi
thành công".
Ông Rubens Ricupero, cựu đại sứ Brazil tại Mỹ cho biết, ông tin rằng hầu hết các nhà ngoại giao
Brazil đều rất kinh ngạc trước sự chậm trễ của ông Bolsonaro trong việc công nhận chiến thắng
của ông Biden. Ông Ricupero nói: “Đó là một phản ứng điên rồ hoàn toàn thiếu logic ngoại giao…
Bất kỳ nhà ngoại giao nào cũng biết điều này là điên rồ.
Ngay cả phó tổng thống Brazil, ông Hamilton Mourão, cũng tỏ ra bối rối. Trước thông báo của ông
Bolsonaro vào thứ Ba, ông Mourão nhún vai khi được các nhà báo hỏi về động cơ của sếp, trả
lời: “Tôi không biết”.
Ông Guga Chacra, một nhà bình luận đối ngoại có trụ sở tại Hoa Kỳ cho GloboNews của Brazil,
cho biết ông tin rằng ông Bolsonaro cảm động trước sự ngưỡng mộ thực sự đối với ông Trump,
người mà ông thường lấy làm nguồn cảm hứng.
“Ông ấy không phải chúc mừng ôngBiden vì anh ấy có bất cứ điều gì cụ thể chống lại anh ấy, mà
vì anh ấy thực sự thần tượng ôngTrump. Anh ấy ngưỡng mộ anh ấy và có lẽ cảm thấy anh ấy nợ
chiến thắng [2018] của mình trước ông Trump. ”
Ngài Benjamin Netanyahu, Narendra Modi và Mohammed bin Salman đều đã công nhận chiến
thắng của Biden bất chấp mối quan hệ nồng ấm của họ với ông Trump, ông Chacra chỉ ra.
“Nhưng đối với họ, ông Trump là một đồng minh nhiều hơn. Đối với ông Bolsonaro, đó là về sự
thờ thần tượng. Anh ấy là một người hâm mộ ông Trump - và anh ấy không xấu hổ về điều đó ”.
Bức thư của ông Amlo cảm ơn ông Biden vì thái độ tích cực của ông đối với người di cư Mexico
và sự sẵn sàng thúc đẩy sự phát triển ở miền nam Mexico và Trung Mỹ để làm chậm quá trình di
cư ra nước ngoài.
Tuy nhiên, Tổng thống Mexico cũng đã gửi một lời cảnh báo tinh tế tới ông Biden, viết: “Chúng tôi
chắc chắn với bạn trong nhiệm kỳ tổng thống [Hoa Kỳ] sẽ có thể tiếp tục áp dụng các nguyên tắc
cơ bản của chính sách đối ngoại đã được thiết lập trong hiến pháp của chúng tôi; đặc biệt là
không can thiệp. "
Ngài Amlo trước đó đã bảo vệ việc từ chối chúc mừng ông Biden của mình bằng cách lập luận
rằng nó tuân thủ chính sách không can thiệp vào các vấn đề đối ngoại của Mexico. Nhưng ôngta
32
cũng tỏ ra tin tưởng vào những tuyên bố gian lận không có cơ sở của Tổng thống Mỹ, nói rằng
ông ta đang chờ giải quyết mọi thách thức pháp lý.
“Sau khi đọc lá thư chúc mừng của AMLO gửi cho ông Biden, tôi chỉ có thể nói rằng sẽ tốt hơn
nếu anh ấy không chúc mừng anh ấy,” Ngài Gabriel Guerra Castellanos, một cựu quan chức
ngoại giao Mexico đã viết trên Twitter. “Nếu ai đó từ bên này biên giới không can thiệp, chúng ta
sẽ có bốn năm băng giá trong mối quan hệ Mỹ-Mexico.”
Bất chấp những lời bình luận khiếm nhã của ông Trump đối với người Mexico trong thời gian ông
lên nắm quyền không thể tránh khỏi, Amlo và Tổng thống Mỹ đã phát triển một mối quan hệ khó
có thể xảy ra.
Viết thư cho ông Trump sau cuộc bầu cử của chính mình vào năm 2018, ông Amlo tự thể hiện
mình là một người theo chủ nghĩa dân túy - và ký kết bằng abrazos (những cái ôm) trái ngược với
lời chào trang trọng hơn (liên quan đến) mà ông hướng tới ông Biden.
“Tôi được khuyến khích bởi thực tế là cả hai chúng tôi đều biết cách thực hiện những gì chúng tôi
nói và chúng tôi đã đối mặt với nghịch cảnh thành công,” anh nói với ôngTrump. “Chúng tôi quản
lý để đặt cử tri và công dân của chúng tôi vào trung tâm và di dời cơ sở chính trị.
Art.16: Pilkington E. (2020). Electoral college vote may be knockout blow to Trump's ploy to
subvert election (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/us-election-electoral-
college-vote-biden-trump)
CUỘC BỎ PHIẾU ĐẠI CỬ TRI ĐOÀN CÓ THỂ LÀ ĐÒN GIÁNG MẠNH VÀO ÂM MƯU LẬT ĐỔ
CUỘC BẦU CỬ CỦA ÔNG TRUMP
Hình thức để củng cố kết quả bầu cử có ý nghĩa chính trị thực sự khi ông Trump tiếp tục nỗ lực
phá hoại kết quả
Hôm thứ Hai, ngài Donald Trump có thể phải chịu một đòn giáng mạnh vào nỗ lực ngày càng vô
vọng của ông nhằm lật ngược kết quả cuộc bầu cử Tổng thống Mỹ khi 538 thành viên của cử tri
đoàn sẽ bỏ phiếu và chính thức đưa ông Joe Biden vào Nhà Trắng.
Theo công thức phức tạp mà Mỹ đã tuân theo kể từ cuộc bầu cử đầu tiên vào năm 1789, cuộc bỏ
phiếu đại cử tri đoàn vào ngày thứ Hai sẽ đánh dấu thời điểm chính thức khi ông Biden trở thành
tổng thống thứ 46 đang được chờ đợi. Các đại cử tri, bao gồm cả những người nổi tiếng chính trị
như Bill và Hillary Clinton, sẽ tập trung tại các thủ đô của các bang trên khắp đất nước để củng cố
kết quả của cuộc đua quan trọng này.
Thông thường, quá trình này là theo nghĩa bóng và hầu như không được ghi chú. Năm nay, với
màn trình diễn nghiêng ngả trước cối xay gió của ông Trump trong một nỗ lực nhằm phủ nhận ý
chí của người dân Mỹ, nó sẽ mang ý nghĩa chính trị thực sự.
Ông Trump tiếp tục những nỗ lực kỳ lạ đó vào cuối tuần, làm dấy lên tình trạng bất ổn chính trị ở
một số thành phố, bao gồm cả thủ đô của quốc gia. Vào sáng Chủ nhật, ông ấy đã viết hoa hết cỡ
trên Twitter rằng đây là “cuộc bầu cử tham nhũng nhất trong lịch sử Hoa Kỳ!”.
33
Trong một cuộc phỏng vấn với Fox & Friends phát sóng vào Chủ nhật, ông khẳng định rằng
nhiệm vụ chống dân chủ của mình vẫn chưa kết thúc. “Chúng tôi tiếp tục và chúng tôi sẽ tiếp tục
đi về phía trước,” ông nói, trước khi lặp lại hàng loạt lời nói dối về cuộc bầu cử đã bị gian lận.
Người phỏng vấn của Fox News, Brian Kilmeade, đã hoàn toàn không phản đối những lời nói sai
sự thật của ông Trump về việc giành được các bang quan trọng bao gồm Pennsylvania và
Georgia.
Bất kỳ hy vọng chùn bước nào của ông Trump có thể vẫn nuôi dưỡng quyền lực đã tan vỡ vào
thứ Sáu khi tòa án tối cao Hoa Kỳ bác bỏ thẳng thừng một vụ kiện do Texas dẫn đầu nhằm ngăn
cản chiến thắng của ông Biden ở bốn bang khác. Trong một trường hợp khác, một thẩm phán tòa
án tối cao Wisconsin đã chỉ trích vụ kiện của ông Trump nhằm mục đích vô hiệu hóa số phiếu bầu
của 200.000 người Mỹ, nói rằng đó là "hành vi phân biệt chủng tộc".
Bất chấp sự từ chối rõ ràng mà ông Trump đã phải chịu trong hàng chục trường hợp, bao gồm cả
trước tòa án cao nhất của quốc gia, âm mưu phá bỏ các quy tắc dân chủ chưa từng có của ông
vẫn tiếp tục gây ra những thiệt hại không thể lường trước cho đất nước với những hậu quả lâu
dài tiềm tàng. Sự thúc đẩy do Texas dẫn đầu nhằm lật ngược kết quả bầu cử đã được sự ủng hộ
của 126 thành viên Đảng Cộng hòa tại Hạ viện - gần hai phần ba số đại hội của đảng - cũng như
tổng chưởng lý bang Đảng Cộng hòa từ 18 bang.
Trong số các đơn vị bầu cử rộng lớn hơn, một cuộc thăm dò gần đây của Đại học Quinnipiac cho
thấy 77% đảng viên Cộng hòa tin - nhầm - rằng có sự gian lận cử tri trên diện rộng trong cuộc bầu
cử ngày 3 tháng 11.
Một biểu hiện khác của tác hại đang được thực hiện là bạo lực bùng phát vào đêm thứ Bảy trên
khắp một số thành phố. Tại Washington DC, 4 người đã bị đâm và phải điều trị tại bệnh viện, và
23 người bị bắt, khi các nhóm cực hữu đụng độ với những người phản đối sau cuộc tuần hành
được gọi là "Ngăn chặn hành vi trộm cắp" được ông Trump nhiệt liệt tán thành.
Các nhóm dân quân cực hữu hòa nhập giữa những người ủng hộ ông Trump và tham gia vào
bạo lực, bao gồm cả các Proud Boys theo chủ nghĩa dân tộc da trắng, những người tự gọi mình
là "những người theo chủ nghĩa sô vanh phương Tây". Michael Flynn, cựu cố vấn an ninh quốc
gia được ông Trump ân xá vì đã nói dối FBI, phát biểu trước một đám đông, thốt lên: “Chúng tôi
quyết định cuộc bầu cử. Chúng tôi đang tiến hành một trận chiến trên khắp nước Mỹ. "
Bạo lực cũng bùng phát ở Olympia, thủ phủ của bang Washington. Một người đã bị bắn trong các
cuộc đụng độ giữa các phe phái vũ trang mạnh, với những người ủng hộ ông Trump và Proud
Boys đối đầu với những người phản đối, và ba người đã bị bắt.
Đoạn video xuất hiện cho thấy người bị bắn bởi một thành viên của Proud Boys và nạn nhân là
một người phản đối, mặc dù các chi tiết vẫn còn sơ sài.
Tại Georgia, một nhóm dân quân riêng biệt, Lực lượng An ninh Georgia III%, đã tham gia một
34
cuộc biểu tình cực hữu tại nhà nước vào thứ Bảy. Nhóm vũ trang đã giúp tổ chức các đoàn lữ
hành gần đây đã đe dọa các quan chức bầu cử địa phương tại nhà của họ, tuyên bố sai sự thật
rằng chiến thắng của ông Biden ở Georgia là gian lận.
Nhóm chuyển tiếp của ông Biden đã theo dõi và ngày càng báo động về hàng loạt các vụ bạo lực
xảy ra xung quanh những tuyên bố giả mạo của ông Trump về một cuộc bầu cử gian lận. Cedric
Richmond, một đại diện của đảng Dân chủ từ Louisiana, người mà Biden đã chọn làm giám đốc
sắp tới của Văn phòng Gắn kết Công chúng của Nhà Trắng, cho biết họ lo lắng về những gì sắp
diễn ra trong kỳ nghỉ lễ.
“Chúng tôi lo ngại về bạo lực,” ông nói với Face the Nation trên CBS News. “Nơi nào có bạo lực
thì nơi đó không phản đối, tức là vi phạm pháp luật, vì vậy chúng tôi lo lắng về điều đó”.
Khi được hỏi về phần lớn đảng viên Cộng hòa tại Hạ viện ủng hộ vụ kiện phù phiếm của Trump
nhằm ngăn chặn kết quả bầu cử được chứng nhận, Richmond ngụ ý sự phản kháng của họ mang
tính sân khấu hơn là thực tế. "Họ nhận ra Chiến thắng của ông Joe Biden. Đây chỉ là một tỷ lệ
nhỏ trong hội nghị của đảng Cộng hòa đang xoa dịu tổng thống đang trên đường ra đi vì họ sợ hãi
với nguồn cấp dữ liệu Twitter của ông.
Bản chất khác thường của việc ông Trump ngoan cố không chịu nhượng bộ đã được Al Gore
nhấn mạnh vào Chủ nhật trong một cuộc phỏng vấn với CNN’s State of the Union. Cách đây đúng
20 năm cho đến ngày này, ông đã nhượng bộ cuộc đua tổng thống năm 2000 đầy cam go với
George W Bush, nói: “Đây là nước Mỹ, chúng ta đặt đất nước trước đảng phái - chúng ta sẽ cùng
nhau đứng sau tổng thống mới của chúng ta”.
Gore nói với CNN rằng ông ấy hy vọng cuộc bỏ phiếu đại cử tri đoàn vào thứ Hai sẽ là bước khởi
đầu cho sự hàn gắn. Ông gọi vụ kiện bị tòa án tối cao bác bỏ là "nực cười và khó hiểu", đồng thời
quy kết những người Cộng hòa tiếp tục gắn bó với Trump vì "lý do mất mát" của ông.
“Với các cuộc bỏ phiếu đại cử tri đoàn vào ngày mai ở tất cả 50 tiểu bang, tôi hy vọng đó sẽ là
thời điểm mà một số người trong số những người đã cố chấp sẽ từ bỏ bóng ma,” Gore nói. "Có
những điều quan trọng hơn là cúi đầu trước nỗi sợ hãi của một kẻ hạ cấp."
Art.17: Stark L., Cohen E. (2020). All 50 states and DC have now certified their presidential
election results
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/09/politics/2020-election-results-certified/index.html )
TẤT CẢ 50 TIỂU BANG VÀ DC HIỆN ĐÃ CHỨNG NHẬN KẾT QUẢ BẦU CỬ TỔNG THỐNG
CỦA HỌ
(CNN) Tất cả 50 tiểu bang và Đặc khu Columbia hiện đã chứng nhận kết quả tổng thống của họ.
Theo kiểm phiếu của CNN, quy trình của Cử tri đoàn bắt đầu tiến hành họp các cử tri vào thứ Hai.
West Virginia đã trở thành bang cuối cùng chứng nhận kết quả bầu cử tổng thống của mình hôm
thứ Tư, và chính thức tuyên bố rằng Tổng thống Donald Trump có được 5 phiếu đại cử tri của
bang này.
35
Tổng thống đắc cử Joe Biden được dự đoán sẽ giành được 306 phiếu đại cử tri và ông Trump
được dự đoán sẽ giành được 232 phiếu. Để trở thành tổng thống, ứng viên cần có 270 phiếu đại
cử tri trong tổng số 538 phiếu có sẵn.
Các chứng nhận của các bang được đưa ra khi ông Trump đã đưa ra tuyên bố vô căn cứ rằng
cuộc bầu cử đã bị gian lận và gieo rắc nghi ngờ về kết quả của cuộc đua tranh cử tổng thống.
Hàng chục vụ kiện chống lại kết quả đã bị bác bỏ ở cấp tiểu bang và liên bang trên khắp đất nước
kể từ cuộc bầu cử tháng 11.
Mỗi tiểu bang có các quy trình khác nhau để xác nhận kết quả , một số tiểu bang chứng nhận
nhóm đại cử tri tổng thống của họ tách biệt với kết quả bầu cử của tiểu bang và địa phương.
Bước quan trọng tiếp theo trong quy trình Cử tri đoàn chính là tiến hành cuộc họp của các đại cử
tri, những người được triệu tập theo luật pháp vào thứ Hai đầu tiên sau ngày thứ Tư thứ hai trong
tháng 12, mà cụ thể là ngày 14 tháng 12 năm nay. Sau đó các lá phiếu của đại cử tri được
chuyển đến các quan chức và được đếm trong một phiên họp chung của Quốc hội vào ngày 6
tháng Giêng.
Một số tiểu bang có luật nhằm ràng buộc các cử tri của họ với ứng cử viên chiến thắng và trong
một số trường hợp quy định rằng những người được gọi là "đại cử tri bất tín" có thể phải chịu
hình phạt hoặc bị thay thế bởi một đại cử tri khác. Hè năm nay, tòa án Tối cao đã đưa phán quyết
rằng các luật như vậy nhằm trừng phạt các thành viên của Cử tri đoàn vì đã vi phạm cam kết bỏ
phiếu cho người chiến thắng trong cuộc bỏ phiếu phổ thông của bang là hợp hiến.
5. Conclusion
After studying and analyzing typical structures, lexical feature, relationship and syntactical feature
of 20 articles about US Presidential Election on CNN.com and The Guardian, we have conclusions:
 Most articles have four main parts: headline, lead, body and ending, some other parts are
illustration, caption, subtitle,…
 Prefixes and suffixes are commonly used in articles to describe the events and people.
 Initialisms and borrowed words are the most frequently used, semantic shift and some other
types of word formation are hardly found in articles.
 The typical sentence pattern is SVO, which is the simple sentence, nominalization is
frequently used with its Vietnamese equivalents by adding ‘sự’, ‘việc’.
 Most articles contain compound words, especially is compound nouns.
6. References
Materials in English
1) Bauer, L. (1983), English Word-Formation, Cambridge University Press
2) Hamawand, Z. (2011), Morphology in English: Word Formation in Cognitive Grammar,
Continuum
36
3) Hogg, R.M., (1999), The Cambridge History of the English Language 4, Cambridge
University Press.
4) MCGregor, W.B. (2015), Linguistics: An introduction,
Bloomsbury Academic
5) Oostendorp, M., Ewen, C.J., Hume, E.V., Rice, K. (2011), The Blackwell Companion to
Phonology, Wiley-Blackwell
6) O'Dwyer, Bernard. (2000), Modern English Structure: Form, Function, and Position –
2nd Edition, Broadview Press.
Materials in Vietnamese
1) Nguyễn Thanh Hương (2017), Contrastive Linguistic
Article for illustration
1) Aratani L. (2020). Donald Trump releases video statement repeating baseless vote
fraud claims
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/02/donald-trump-video-statement-
baseless-vote-fraud-claims)
2) Farrer M. (2020). Donald Trump says he will leave White House if electoral college
votes for Joe Biden
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/27/donald-trump-says-he-will-leave-white-
house-if-electoral-college-votes-for-joe-biden)
3) Farrer M. (2020). Violence flares in Washington as far-right Trump supporters clash
with counter-protesters
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/trump-supporters-rally-against-election-
outcome-as-proud-boys-and-antifa-face-off)
4) Gambino L. (2020). Biden hails democracy and rebukes Trump after electoral college
victory
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/14/joe-biden-electoral-college-victory-
donald-trump)
5) Gambino L. (2020). William Barr steps down as Trump's attorney general
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/14/william-barr-out-attorney-general-
donald-trump)
6) Kelly C. (2020). Supreme Court rejects Texas' and Trump's bid to overturn election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/11/politics/supreme-court-texas-trump-biden/index.html )
7) Laughland O. (2020). 'I won't vote next time': could Georgia Republicans' doubts cost
them the runoffs?
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/georgia-senate-runoff-election-
republicans-fraud-claims)
8) LeBlanc P. (2020). Top Trump ally Chris Christie says it's time to accept Biden won the
election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/17/politics/chris-christie-us-election-cnntv/index.html )
37
9) Levine S. (2020). Supreme court rejects Republican bid to overturn Biden's

Pennsylvania victory
(https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/dec/08/us-supreme-court-republican-pennsylvania-
election-results-trump)
10 McCarthy T. (2020). ‘Will he ever concede?’: Trump keeps GOP leaders in endless
) political limbo
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/09/trump-republicans-presidential-election-
joe-biden)
11 Murphy K. (2020). Trump 'penned political suicide note' at every Covid press
) conference, former Australian PM says
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/17/trump-penned-political-suicide-note-at-
every-covid-press-conference-former-australian-pm-says)
12 Nobles R. (2020). Loeffler leaves open the option of objecting to the Electoral College
) results
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/kelly-loeffler-electoral-college/index.html )
13 Pengelly M. (2020). Trump's fraud claims undermine democracy, ex-US election
) security chief says
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/30/trump-election-fraud-claims-aim-chris-
krebs)
14 Perez E., Cole D. (2020). William Barr says there is no evidence of widespread fraud in
) presidential election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/01/politics/william-barr-election-2020/index.html )
15 Phillips T., Agren D. (2020) Brazil and Mexico presidents recognize Biden's victory after
) facing criticism
(https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/mexico-amlo-lopez-obrador-congratulates-
joe-biden)
16 Pilkington E. (2020). Electoral college vote may be knockout blow to Trump's ploy to
) subvert election
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/us-election-electoral-college-vote-
biden-trump)
17 Stark L., Cohen E. (2020). All 50 states and DC have now certified their presidential
) election results
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/09/politics/2020-election-results-certified/index.html )
18 Sullivan K. (2020). Biden hopes to complete Cabinet picks by Christmas
) (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/10/politics/biden-new-cabinet-picks/index.html )
19 Walters J. (2020). Biden nears record 80m votes as Trump persists in trying to
) overturn result
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/19/biden-latest-votes-record-amid-trump-
legal-challenges)
38
20 Zeleny J., Merica D., Vogue A. (2020). Biden’s search for an attorney general
) complicated by ‘competing questions’
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/biden-attorney-general/index.html )
7. Appendix
APPENDIX
Selected articles about US Presidential Election on CNN.com and The Guardian
1) Aratani L. (2020). Donald Trump releases video statement repeating baseless vote fraud claims
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/02/donald-trump-video-statement-baseless-vote-fraud-
claims)
DONALD TRUMP RELEASES VIDEO STATEMENT REPEATING BASELESS VOTE FRAUD CLAIMS
President claims electoral system ‘under coordinated assault’
Justice department found no evidence of significant fraud
Lauren Aratani and agencies
Thu 3 Dec 2020 01.00 GMT
Facebook and Twitter have placed warnings on a 46-minute video statement released by Donald Trump on
Wednesday, in which the president repeats baseless claims of voter fraud in November’s election, which he
lost to Joe Biden.
President-elect Biden, a veteran Democrat, won the presidential election with 306 electoral college votes,
compared with Trump’s 232. However, Trump has refused to concede, and has instead launched – and lost
– flimsy legal battles in several states, which experts said appeared aimed at dragging out vote counting and
creating a cloud of uncertainty over the electoral process.
“This may be the most important speech I’ve ever made,” Trump says in the video, before making lengthy,
rambling and baseless claims that America’s electoral system is “under coordinated assault and siege”.
Trump, who spoke from the Diplomatic Room, kept up his futile pushback against the election even as state
after state certifies its results and as Biden presses ahead with shaping his cabinet in advance of his
inauguration on 20 January.
Biden received a record 81m votes compared to 74m for Trump. The Democrat also won 306 electoral votes
compared to 232 for Trump. The electoral college split matches Trump’s victory over Hillary Clinton four
years ago, which he described then as a “landslide”.
Trump dug further into his contention of a “rigged election” even though members of his own administration,
including the attorney general, William Barr, say that no proof of widespread voter fraud has been
uncovered. Courts in multiple battleground states have thrown out a barrage of lawsuits filed on behalf of the
president
“This is not just about honoring the votes of 74 million Americans who voted for me,” Trump said. “It’s about
ensuring that Americans can have faith in this election. And in all future elections.”
The Trump video comes a day after Barr said the US Department of Justice had not uncovered evidence of
widespread voter fraud that would change the outcome of the presidential election.
39
In an interview with the Associated Press, Barr said US attorneys and FBI agents had been working to follow
up complaints and information but had uncovered no evidence that would change the outcome of the
election.
“To date, we have not seen fraud on a scale that could have effected a different outcome in the election,”
Barr said. Trump campaign lawyers Rudy Giuliani and Jenna Ellis said in a statement: “With the greatest
respect to the attorney general, his opinion appears to be without any knowledge or investigation of the
substantial irregularities and evidence of systemic fraud.”
As the 8 December deadline for states to certify their results approaches, Trump is fast running out of
options to contest the outcome of the election.
Many of Trump’s claims, including that the US election was subject to widespread “voter fraud”, have been
debunked repeatedly in recent weeks.
'It has to stop': Georgia Republican says Trump's election rhetoric will lead to
violence – video
In fact, Christopher Krebs, the director of the Department of Homeland Security’s
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, voiced confidence in the integrity
of the election ahead of the November vote. And afterward, he knocked down allegations that the count was
tainted by fraud. Krebs was fired by Trump weeks ago.
The video was released a day after one of Georgia’s top election officials made an impassioned plea
to Trump to tone down his rhetoric disputing the election results, saying the president was “inspiring people
to commit potential acts of violence”.
Gabriel Sterling, a Republican who oversaw the implementation of the state’s new voting system, also
issued the stark warning that if Trump and his supporters did not rein in election disinformation “someone is
going to get hurt”.
Sterling, the voting systems manager for the Georgia secretary of state’s office, said last week that he had
police protection around his home because of threats he received after election results were announced.
Trump lost Georgia to Biden by about 13,000 votes.
Trump responded to Sterling’s plea by tweeting baseless claims about the Georgia election and criticising
the state’s Republican governor, Brian Kemp. Twitter flagged his tweet as “disputed”.
2) Farrer M. (2020). Donald Trump says he will leave White House if electoral college votes for Joe
Biden
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/27/donald-trump-says-he-will-leave-white-house-if-
electoral-college-votes-for-joe-biden)
DONALD TRUMP SAYS HE WILL LEAVE WHITE HOUSE IF ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTES FOR JOE
BIDEN
President’s comments are the closest he has come to admitting defeat in election and set stage for
college vote on 14 December
Martin Farrer and agencies
Thu 26 Nov 2020 23.16 GMT
Donald Trump has said that he will leave the White House in January if the electoral college votes for
Democratic president-elect Joe Biden, in the closest the outgoing president has come to conceding defeat.
Biden won the presidential election with 306 electoral college votes – many more than the 270 required – to
Trump’s 232. Biden also leads Trump by more than 6 million in the popular vote tally.
40
Trump has so far defied tradition by refusing to concede defeat, instead making a series of baseless claims
about alleged ballot fraud and launching legal attempts to challenge the outcomes in several states such
Pennsylvania and Michigan.
But desperate efforts by Trump and his aides to overturn results in key states, either by lawsuits or by
pressuring state legislators, have failed.
Speaking to reporters on the Thanksgiving holiday, Trump said if Biden – who is due to be sworn in on 20
January – was certified the election winner by the electoral college, he would depart the White House.
Trump’s comments, made to reporters at the White House after speaking to troops during the traditional
Thanksgiving Day address to US service members, appear to take him one step nearer to admitting defeat.
Asked if he would leave the White House if the college vote went against him, Trump said: “Certainly I will.
And you know that,” adding that: “If they do, they’ve made a mistake.”
Donald Trump arrives for the event on Thursday night. Photograph: Erin Scott/Reuters
However, Trump said it would be “a very hard thing to concede” and declined to say whether he would
attend Biden’s inauguration, which is due to take place on 20 January.
It was the first time he had taken questions from reporters since election day, and at times he turned
combative, calling one reporter a “lightweight” and telling him “don’t talk to me like that”.
Trump’s administration has already given the green light for a formal transition to get underway. But Trump
took issue with Biden moving forward.
“I think it’s not right that he’s trying to pick a Cabinet,” Trump said, even though officials from both teams are
already working together to get Biden’s team up to speed.
At one point he urged reporters not to allow Biden the credit for pending coronavirus vaccines.
“Don’t let him take credit for the vaccines because the vaccines were me and I pushed people harder than
they’ve ever been pushed before,” he said.
As for whether or not he plans to formally declare his candidacy to run again in 2024 – as he has discussed
with aides – Trump he didn’t “want to talk about 2024 yet.”
In late-night tweets, Trump complained that the media had not covered his news conference in the way he
had wanted, saying the main point he had tried to make was that he won the election. Twitter flagged his
comments.
The electoral college is due to meet on 14 December when each state’s nominated electors will cast their
votes for the winner of the state’s presidential ballot. The votes are officially counted by Congress on 6
January.
When asked about Trump’s comments, Biden campaign spokesperson, Michael Gwin said: “President-elect
Biden won 306 electoral votes. States continue to certify those results, the Electoral College will soon meet
to ratify that outcome,” adding: “Biden will be sworn in as President on January 20, 2021.”
Showing that he intends to stay in the political fray until the end of his term, Trump said on Thursday he
would travel on 5 December to Georgia, a once solidly Republican state he lost narrowly to Biden, to
campaign for two Republican Senate candidates.
The two runoff elections in Georgia on 5 January will determine whether the Republicans keep their majority
41
in the Senate.
Biden and Trump both stayed close to home to celebrate Thanksgiving as the coronavirus pandemic raged
across the country.
Biden spent the holiday with his family in Delaware, giving a presidential-style address in a message posted
on Twitter. He said Americans were making a “shared sacrifice for the whole country” and a “statement of
common purpose” by staying at home with their immediate families.
Trump often likes to celebrate holidays at his Mar-a-Largo resort in Florida. But on Thursday he remained in
the Washington area, spending part of the morning at his Trump National Golf Club in Virginia where he
played a round of golf.
The US is rapidly approaching 13m confirmed Covid-19 infections, and by Thursday more than 263,000
people in the country had lost their lives to coronavirus.
Reuters and Associated Press contributed to this report
3) Farrer M. (2020). Violence flares in Washington as far-right Trump supporters clash with counter-
protesters
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/trump-supporters-rally-against-election-outcome-as-
proud-boys-and-antifa-face-off)
VIOLENCE FLARES IN WASHINGTON AS FAR-RIGHT TRUMP SUPPORTERS CLASH WITH
COUNTER-PROTESTERS
Four people reportedly stabbed and 23 arrested in the aftermath of a march to denounce Joe Biden’s
election victory
Martin Farrer
Sun 13 Dec 2020 05.53 GMT
First published on Sun 13 Dec 2020 01.18 GMT
Far-right Trump supporters clash with counter-protesters in Washington – video

Violence has broken out in the streets of Washington DC after far-right groups
clashed with counter-protesters in the aftermath of a march by conservatives
protesting against US president-elect Joe Biden’s election victory.
The trouble flared as darkness fell and crowds began to disperse in the wake of a largely peaceful
demonstration on Saturday by Trump supporters who allege without evidence that the 3 November election
was tainted by fraud.
Proud Boys and Antifa activists square up in Washington. Photograph: Anadolu

Agency/Getty Images
Groups of pro-Trump Proud Boys protesters and Antifa counter protesters brawled in
the city’s downtown streets and although police used pepper spray on members of both sides, the rivals
regrouped and violence continued sporadically.
Four people were taken to hospital with stab wounds with potentially life-threatening injuries, according to
the Washington Post, which quoted DC fire spokesman, Doug Buchanan. Police said 23 people were
arrested.
An estimated 200 members of the Proud Boys, a violent far-right group, had joined the marches earlier on
Saturday near the Trump hotel in the capital. Mixing with church groups who urged the faithful to participate
in “Jericho Marches” and prayer rallies for the defeated president, the Proud Boys contingent wore combat
42
fatigues and ballistic vests, carried helmets and flashed hand signals used by white nationalists.
They shouted insults at rival Antifa protesters and burned Black Lives Matters flags but police succeeded in
keeping the factions apart until the evening
Rival groups clash in Washington. Photograph: Leah Millis/Reuters

Protests also took place in Georgia, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Nevada and
Arizona, where Trump’s campaign has sought to overturn vote counts.
Local media in the Washington state capital of Olympia reported that one person was shot and three
arrested after clashes between pro- and anti-Trump protest groups.
More than 50 federal and state court rulings have upheld Biden’s victory. The US supreme court on Friday
rejected a long-shot lawsuit filed by Texas and backed by Trump seeking to throw out voting results in four
states.
“Whatever the ruling was yesterday ... everybody take a deep, deep breath,” retired army general Mike
Flynn, Trump’s former national security adviser, told protesters in front of the supreme court, referring to the
court’s refusal to hear the Texas case.
Flynn who twice pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about contacts with the former Russian ambassador,
spoke in his first public address since Trump pardoned him in November.
Police stand guard to keep the rival groups apart. Photograph: Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images
“My charge to you is to go back to where you are from” and make demands, Flynn told the crowd, without
being more specific. The US constitution is “not about collective liberty it is about individual liberties, and
they designed it that way”, he said.
Trump has refused to concede defeat, alleging without evidence that he was denied victory by massive
fraud. On his way to Andrews air force base and then to the annual Army-Navy football game in New York,
Trump made three passes in the Marine One helicopter over the cheering protesters.
Earlier on Saturday, Trump’s supporters carrying flags and signs made their way in small knots toward
Congress and the supreme court through downtown Washington, which was closed to traffic by police
vehicles and dump trucks.
Few of the marchers wore masks, despite soaring Covid-19 deaths and cases, defying a mayoral directive
for them to be worn outside. Several thousand people rallied in Washington, fewer than during a similar
protest last month.
As some in the crowd echoed far right conspiracy theories about the election, a truck-pulled trailer flew
Trump 2020 flags and a sign reading “Trump Unity” while blaring the country song “God Bless the USA”.
“It’s clear the election has been stolen,” said Mark Paul Jones of Delaware Water Gap, Pennsylvania, who
sported a tricorner revolutionary war-era hat as he walked toward the supreme court with his wife.
Some protesters referenced the biblical miracle of the battle of Jericho, in which the walls of the city
crumbled after soldiers and priests blowing horns marched around it.
In his speech, Flynn told the protesters they were all standing inside Jericho after breaching its walls.
43
Ron Hazard of Morristown, New Jersey, was one of five people who stopped at the justice department to
blow shofars – a ram’s horn used in Jewish religious ceremonies – to bring down “the spiritual walls of
corruption”.
“We believe what is going on in this county is an important thing. It’s a balance between biblical values and
anti-biblical values,” Hazard said.
Reuters and Associated Press contributed to this report.
4) Gambino L. (2020). Biden hails democracy and rebukes Trump after electoral college victory
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/14/joe-biden-electoral-college-victory-donald-trump)
BIDEN HAILS DEMOCRACY AND REBUKES TRUMP AFTER ELECTORAL COLLEGE VICTORY
The president-elect repudiated Donald Trump and said his assault on the democratic process was
‘unconscionable’
Lauren Gambino
Tue 15 Dec 2020 03.32 GMT
Joe Biden delivered a sharp repudiation of Donald Trump and his weekslong quest to subvert the results of
November’s election, declaring that the “will of the people had prevailed” in a speech that came shortly after
the electoral college officially confirmed his victory.
It was “time to turn the page” on a presidential election that tested the resilience of American democracy, the
president-elect said just moments after Hawaii cast the final four electoral college votes, clearing a milestone
that all but ended Trump’s unprecedented attempt to overturn the results.
Biden hailed the presidential election and its uncharted aftermath as a triumph of American democracy and
“one of the most amazing demonstrations of civic duty we’ve ever seen in our country”.
The final tally – 306 to 232 electoral votes – followed a baseless campaign by the president to reverse the
results of an election that saw historic turnout despite a pandemic. Trump lost not only in the electoral
college but the popular vote, too – by nearly 7m.
Yet for weeks, the president has clung to meritless accusations of voter fraud in a slate of battleground
states that delivered the victory to Biden. His refusal to concede has sowed doubt among his supporters
about the integrity of the vote and undermined faith in the institutions of American governance.
In a speech delivered from Wilmington, Delaware, Biden said “our democracy – pushed, tested, threatened –
proved to be resilient, true and strong”.
Biden, who will become the 46th president of the United States when he is sworn in on 20 January,
continued: “We the people voted. The integrity of our elections remains intact. And so, now it is time to turn
the page, as we’ve done throughout our history – to unite, to heal.”
Since Biden entered the presidential race last year, he has cast the election as a “battle for the soul” of the
nation. In his remarks on Monday night, Biden described his electoral college victory as a fulfilment of that
mission and a rejection of Trump.
The president-elect called Trump’s assault on the democratic process “unconscionable” and assailed
Republicans who embraced his unsubstantiated claims about widespread voter fraud. He singled out the 17
state attorneys general and 126 members of Congress who he said helped legitimize a legal effort to throw
out tens of millions of votes in Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Georgia and “hand the presidency to
a candidate who lost the electoral college, lost the popular vote and lost each and every one of the states
whose votes they were trying to reverse”. The supreme court rejected the lawsuit.
These officials, Biden said, adopted a position “so extreme that we’ve never seen it before – a position that
44
refused to respect the will of the people, refused to respect the rule of law and refused to honor our
constitution”.
Anticipating further resistance from Trump and his allies, Biden noted that the president and his campaign
were “denied no course of action” and stressed that their efforts failed in states with Republican governors
and in courts with Republican-appointed judges.
“They were heard,” he said. “And they were found to be without merit.”
Texas presidential electors take the oath of office to cast ballots on Monday. Photograph: Bob
Daemmrich/ZUMA Wire/REX/Shutterstock
Yet Trump continued to dispute the legitimacy of the election on Monday, claiming that the result was
“RIGGED” due to “massive fraud”. Twitter moved quickly to label the pronouncements “disputed”. As
California’s 55 electors cast their ballots for Biden, pushing him over the 270-vote threshold to win the White
House, Trump announced on Twitter that his attorney general, Bill Barr, was resigning, effective 23
December.
Trump had recently lost patience with Barr, viewed as a loyalist who eagerly advanced the president’s
political agenda, after the attorney general acknowledged that his department had found no evidence of
widespread voter fraud.
In a sign that Republicans were increasingly prepared to accept reality, some senators and members of
Congress acknowledged the electoral college vote.
“The orderly transfer of power is a hallmark of our democracy, and although I supported President Trump,
the electoral college vote today makes clear that Joe Biden is now president-elect,” the Republican senator
Rob Portman, of Ohio, said in a statement.
Biden thanked the handful of Republican senators who have accepted the electoral college vote, after
resisting his victory for weeks. Ever hopeful that four years of deep partisan division will yield a new era of
bipartisanship, Biden said he was “convinced we can work together for the good of the nation”.
With the election all but finalized, he called on elected officials to turn to the “urgent work” of combating the
coronavirus pandemic. On Monday, the US death toll surpassed more than 300,000, a grisly reminder on the
same day Americans began receiving the first shots of a vaccine against the virus.
Though the path forward remains challenging, exacerbated by the divisions that persist, Biden said the
electoral college vote should serve as a sign of hope for a weary nation.
He pointed to the election officials – many of them volunteers – who carried out their duties in the face of
political pressure, threats of violence and, in some cases, an intervention from the president himself. Their
unwavering commitment to the electoral process ensured that the “flame of democracy” was not
extinguished, he said.
“They showed a deep and unwavering faith in and a commitment to the law,” Biden said. “They knew the
elections they oversaw were honest and free and fair. They saw it with their own eyes and they wouldn’t be
bullied into saying anything different.”
5) Gambino L. (2020). William Barr steps down as Trump's attorney general
45
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/14/william-barr-out-attorney-general-donald-trump)
WILLIAM BARR STEPS DOWN AS TRUMP'S ATTORNEY GENERAL
Barr had dismissed Trump’s claims of significant voter fraud
Critics said he made justice department tool of White House
Lauren Gambino in Washington

@laurenegambino
Mon 14 Dec 2020 22.55 GMT
The US attorney general, William Barr, one of Donald Trump’s staunchest allies, has resigned just weeks
after he contradicted the president by saying the justice department had uncovered no evidence of
widespread voter fraud that could change the outcome of the 2020 election.
Barr’s departure ends a tenure marked by brazen displays of fealty to a president whose political agenda he
willingly advanced. Critics said Barr had turned the Department of Justice (DoJ) into an obedient servant of
the White House, eroding its commitment to independence and the rule of law.
Trump sought to play down tensions as he announced Barr’s resignation in a tweet on Monday, moments
after members of the electoral college officially pushed Joe Biden over the 270-vote threshold to win the
White House on Monday. The procedural step effectively ends Trump’s unprecedented bid to overturn the
results of the 2020 presidential election based on false claims of widespread voter fraud that Barr concluded
were meritless.
“Just had a very nice meeting with attorney general Bill Barr at the White House,” the president said. “Our
relationship has been a very good one, he has done an outstanding job! As per letter, Bill will be leaving just
before Christmas to spend the holidays with his family…”
In his resignation letter, released by Trump on Twitter, Barr was characteristically effusive of the president.
He praised Trump’s resilience in the face of what the attorney general described as a “partisan onslaught”
that aimed to undermine a duly elected president.
“No tactic, no matter how abusive and deceitful, was out of bounds,” Barr wrote.
“Your record is all the more historic because you accomplished it in the face of relentless, implacable
resistance,” he continued, adding: “Few could have weathered these attacks, much less forge ahead with a
positive program for the country.”
Jeff Rosen, the deputy attorney general, who Trump called “an outstanding person”, will take over the role of
acting attorney general and “highly respected” Richard Donoghue, an official in Rosen’s office, would
become the deputy attorney general.
Barr surprised many observers by telling the Associated Press in an interview published on 1 December that
he disputed the idea, promulgated by the president and his re-election campaign, that there had been
widespread fraud in the 2020 election.
Trump has attempted to undermine Biden’s victory by pointing to routine, small-scale issues in an election –
questions about signatures, envelopes and postal marks – as evidence of widespread fraud across the
nation that cost him the election.
Trump and some of his allies have also endorsed more bizarre sources of supposed fraud, such as tying
46
Biden’s win to election software created in Venezuela “at the direction of Hugo Chávez” – the former
Venezuelan president who died in 2013.
“There’s been one assertion that would be systemic fraud and that would be the claim that machines were
programmed essentially to skew the election results. And the DHS and DoJ have looked into that, and so far,
we haven’t seen anything to substantiate that,” Barr said in the interview with the AP.
Barr said some people were confusing the role of the federal criminal justice system and asking it to step in
on allegations that should be made in civil lawsuits and reviewed by state or local officials, not the justice
department.
Barr added: “There’s a growing tendency to use the criminal justice system as sort of a default fix-all, and,
people don’t like something – they want the Department of Justice to come in and ‘investigate’.”
Those comments infuriated Trump and his supporters as they have tried – and failed – to find any
meaningful way, via the courts, requested recounts, or pressure on officials, of overturning his defeat by
Biden.
Speculation about Barr’s future was rife from the moment his AP interview was published, as the most high-
profile member of the administration flatly to contradict the president’s continuing arguments that he is the
rightful winner.
For months, Barr also kept a justice department investigation into Joe Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, from
becoming public, despite calls from Republicans and the White House to launch an inquiry into the younger
Biden’s business dealings, according to the Wall Street Journal.
In the weeks before the 2020 election, Trump publicly berated his attorney general for not prosecuting the
president’s political enemies, among them his Democratic opponent and his predecessor, Barack Obama. In
an October interview, Trump said Barr would be remembered as a “very sad, sad situation” if he did not
indict Biden or Obama. Barr’s refusal to act, Trump warned then, could cost him the election.
Trump announced in December 2018 that he was nominating Barr to become his next attorney general,
replacing Jeff Sessions, a loyalist who angered the president when he stepped aside and allowed his deputy
to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Russia’s election interference.
Barr, 70, had previously served as attorney general in the George Bush administration and was initially
viewed by political veterans in Washington as a much-needed stabilizing force who would insulate the
department from political attacks. Yet, assuming the post the post as the Russia investigation into allegations
of collusion between the Trump 2016 election campaign and Russian operatives neared its denouement in
early 2019, Barr quickly upended expectations by ferociously attacking the special counsel investigation that
examined the ties between Russia and the Trump campaign.
In his resignation letter, the attorney general said it was the “nadir” of what he believed was a partisan
crusade against the president “was the effort to cripple, if not oust, your administration with frenzied and
baseless accusations of collusion with Russia”.
Critics have often accused Barr of showing more loyalty to the president than to the nation. In one such
instance, Barr called a press conference last April and offered a misleading preview of Mueller’s report. He
omitted the report’s detailed description of potential obstruction of justice by Trump and falsely claimed the
White House had cooperated fully.
This set the tone for Trump’s inaccurate trumpeting when the report itself came out, in restricted form, that
he and his team had enjoyed “total exoneration” by Mueller – a blatant misinterpretation.
And Barr’s protocol-smashing, partisan path continued from there, as he intervened in criminal cases
47
brought against prominent individuals in Trump’s circle, such as Roger Stone and Michael Flynn.
He also initiated an investigation of the origins of the Russia investigation itself, seen as a fundamental
undermining of the work of Mueller and his team, an effort that continues.
6) Kelly C. (2020). Supreme Court rejects Texas' and Trump's bid to overturn election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/11/politics/supreme-court-texas-trump-biden/index.html)
SUPREME COURT REJECTS TEXAS' AND TRUMP'S BID TO OVERTURN ELECTION
(CNN)The Supreme Court on Friday rejected a bid from Texas' attorney general -- supported by President
Donald Trump -- to block the ballots of millions of voters in battleground states that went in favor of
President-elect Joe Biden.
The court's order, issued with no public dissents, to dismiss the challenge is the strongest indication yet that
Trump has no chance of overturning election results in court, and that even the justices whom he placed
there have no interest in allowing his desperate legal bids to continue.
The Electoral College will convene Monday to affirm Biden's win.
The lawsuit, brought by Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, a staunch Trump ally, sought to sue
Pennsylvania, Michigan, Georgia and Wisconsin -- which all went for Biden -- and invalidate their election
results. And this week, with his options narrowing, Trump, accompanied by the support of several
Republican attorneys general and GOP lawmakers, cranked up pressure to have the Supreme Court weigh
in.
"From a legal perspective, the fat lady has sung," said Steve Vladeck, a CNN Supreme Court analyst and
University of Texas Law professor.
Trump and his legal team -- hamstrung by a series of coronavirus diagnoses among lawyers who had
traveled across the country advocating on behalf of Trump's case -- have for weeks pushed
increasingly desperate appeals and baseless conspiracy theories about his second term being stolen.
"The Supreme Court really let us down. No Wisdom, No Courage!," Trump tweeted around midnight. Mike
Gwin, a spokesman for Biden's campaign, said the decision was "no surprise."
Paxton, calling the court's order "unfortunate," vowed to fight on.
"I will continue to tirelessly defend the integrity and security of our elections and hold accountable those who
shirk established election law for their own convenience," he said in a statement.
Republican election lawyer Ben Ginsberg said Trump's crusade to undermine the election's results through
rhetoric and court challenges "put a huge stress test on our democracy."
"The Republicans who did follow Donald Trump really have an obligation now to make the country strong
again, to heal the chinks that Donald Trump tried to put in the foundation of the country and the democracy,"
Ginsberg told CNN's Wolf Blitzer on "The Situation Room."
Texas denied for lack of standing
The court's order Friday night was unsigned, and court did not provide a vote count, but there were no
dissents to the order made public.
In its short order, the court said that Texas had not demonstrated that it had the legal right to bring the suit
because it had not demonstrated a "judicially cognizable interest in the manner in which another State
conducts its elections."
The order states: "The State of Texas's motion for leave to file a bill of complaint is denied for lack of
standing under Article III of the Constitution. Texas has not demonstrated a judicially cognizable interest in
the manner in which another State conducts its elections. All other pending motions are dismissed as moot."
48
In a statement accompanying the order, Justices Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas said they would have
allowed the case to be filed, but would grant no other relief.
"Even Justice Thomas and Alito, who might otherwise have been sympathetic to these challenges, went out
of their way to express that they would grant no relief on the merits," Vladeck said.
"Not only did the Court reject Texas's effort to challenge the results in four battleground states, but it did so
on a ground that will prevent any other states from doing so," Vladeck added.
Another big loss for Trump
For the past five weeks, federal and state courts have rejected most of Trump's attempts thoroughly.
Hastily-written filings have contained a multitude of elementary errors. Many of the pro-Trump arguments
hinged on what was ultimately hearsay or conjecture. And in many of the cases, Trump backers have said
they don't have evidence proving their allegations yet, but want to review ballots or confidential elections
data more closely to see if they can find proof of fraud.
And though Trump has refused to move on, those closest to him -- including the legal team and his family --
are working on their next steps.
Multiple sources told CNN earlier this week that Trump's legal team and inside what remains of his
campaign staff have been sensing that efforts to overturn or delay the results of the election are coming to
an end. White House staffers are resigning or are out the door, and members of Trump's Cabinet have also
begun meeting with their Biden administration counterparts.
First lady Melania Trump, meanwhile, has begun overseeing shipments of family furniture and art to Mar-a-
Lago. And Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner are in the final stages of purchasing a plot of land within a
Miami enclave known for its privacy and high net worth residents.
Presidential pressure
Hours ahead of the court's decision, the President called on the Supreme Court to intervene in the election,
but seemed to acknowledge that a Biden administration is on its way.
"Now that the Biden Administration will be a scandal plagued mess for years to come, it is much easier for
the Supreme Court of the United States to follow the Constitution and do what everybody knows has to be
done. They must show great Courage & Wisdom. Save the USA!!!" Trump tweeted Friday morning.
Each of the four battleground states targeted by the lawsuit -- Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and
Wisconsin -- issued blistering briefs on Thursday, with Pennsylvania officials going so far as to call the effort
a "seditious abuse of the judicial process."
And although the case started off with Texas challenging four states, it grew into a dispute featuring some 19
Republican attorneys general siding with Texas and 22 Democratic-led states and territories supporting the
battleground states that Biden won.
In addition, 126 House Republicans signed on to an amicus brief in support of Paxton's motion, including
Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy.
Still, several Republican lawmakers in Washington slammed the basis of the suit, citing federalism concerns
and saying Texas shouldn't have a say in how other states hold their elections.
This story has been updated with additional details, background information and reaction.
CNN's Caroline Kelly contributed to this report.
7) Laughland O. (2020). 'I won't vote next time': could Georgia Republicans' doubts cost them the
runoffs?
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/georgia-senate-runoff-election-republicans-fraud-
49
claims)
'I WON'T VOTE NEXT TIME': COULD GEORGIA REPUBLICANS' DOUBTS COST THEM THE
RUNOFFS?
As Trump relentlessly pushes false claims of fraud, some fear lower turnout – while poll workers fear for their
safety
Oliver Laughland in Atlanta and Sam Levine in New York
Sun 13 Dec 2020 07.30 GMT
As the sun dipped on a crisp autumnal evening in southern Georgia, Lauren Voyle stood in line for a front-
row seat on the makeshift risers at the Valdosta regional airport. Donald Trump was due to arrive on the
tarmac in a few hours’ time.
It was the first time the president would hold a rally since losing the election in November and Voyle, who
wore a blue Trump 2020 cap with the slogan “Keep Liberals Crying” on the rim, had driven four and a half
hours from Cumming, a small city in the northern part of the state, to witness what she described as a
historic moment.
The president had ostensibly travelled to Georgia to canvass for the two Republican senate candidates,
David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler, before a critical runoff election in January. But he spent the vast majority of
an incoherent, 90-minute monologue spreading baseless disinformation about a rigged election, continuing
to claim victory after losing by more than 7 million votes. Georgia election officials, meanwhile, have done
three separate counts of the presidential vote, each time confirming Biden’s victory in the state.
Donald Trump attends a rally in support of the senators David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler. Photograph:
Spencer Platt/Getty Images
Some national Republicans fear that Trump’s continued denial of the results could have major
consequences for the party in January, when this Senate election will determine control of the upper
chamber. With over 70% of Republicans, according to recent polling, now believing that November’s
presidential election was not “free and fair”, there are concerns that a collapse in trust in electoral processes
could cost conservatives dearly at the ballot box.
With the Senate election likely to be decided by a thin margin – both Democratic candidates, Jon Ossoff and
Raphael Warnock, are slightly ahead, according to recent polls – even a small drop in turnout on either side
could have significant consequences. In many ways, Voyle was the embodiment of their worst nightmare: a
staunch Republican who would not turn up to vote again.
“We really believe this election was crooked,” said the 57-year-old, who voted in the November election. “I
50
won’t [vote] next time unless they give us a clean election with paper ballots, IDs and fingerprints. I’m not
doing Dominion machines.”
Although Trump urged supporters during his speech to turn out for Loeffler and Perdue, he also regurgitated
many of the conspiracy theories about Dominion voting software and identification issues that Voyle
described.
Of the dozen people interviewed by the Guardian at Trump’s rally, all said they had mostly stopped watching
Fox News, which faced the fury of Trump after accurately calling the election for Joe Biden, shifting their
attention to Newsmax and the One America News Network, two fringe channels propagating baseless
election fraud claims recently championed by the president.
Even among some of those who did plan to vote, there remained a distinct lack of enthusiasm for the two
Republican Senate candidates without Trump on the top of the ticket.
“I’m not feeling it for either of them, but I’ll vote,” said Tammy Bailey, who had driven three hours south to
attend in person. She added: “I feel like they’re both part of the deep state,” suggesting neither candidate
had shown enough support for Trump’s efforts to subvert the election results.
The rally came before a crucial runoff election for Perdue and Loeffler on 5 January. Photograph: Spencer
Platt/Getty Images
Loeffler and Perdue have walked a rhetorical tightrope during their second election season, on the one hand
declining to articulate the full-throated, baseless claims of widespread fraud that Trump has propagated
while on the otherdeclining to recognize Biden as the president-elect and offering their backing for desperate
legal bids to overturn the result.
On Sunday, during a televised debate, Loeffler, a multimillionaire businesswoman, declined three times to
acknowledge the result, instead arguing that Trump had “every right to every legal recourse”.
Democrats in the state are quietly confident that this confusing messaging will play into their hands. “While
they’re scrambling to make clear sense to their base, our message is clear and unified,” said one source
close to the Ossoff campaign.
In his effort to undermine Georgia’s election results, Trump has also attacked two of the top Republicans in
the state, Governor Brian Kemp and Brad Raffensperger, the secretary of state. Despite Trump’s howling,
both men have refused to acquiesce to his request and Raffensperger has loudly dismissed allegations the
election was rigged against Trump. Raffensperger has said that Trump’s own criticism of voting by mail cost
him the election in Georgia.
Asked whether the president’s attacks were hurting Republicans’ chances of winning the runoff,
Raffensperger told the Guardian it would be “helpful” to separate the general election and the coming vote.
“The most helpful thing for the senators is obviously to have everyone focused on them getting re-elected in
the runoff election,” Raffensperger said. “It’s very tough, I understand, to really bifurcate the issue of the
presidential race from the senatorial runoffs, but the better that the state party and the candidates do that,
the better it really is.”
51
Brad Raffensperger, Georgia’s secretary of state, in Atlanta on 7 December. Photograph: Erik S Lesser/EPA

“I would never tell anyone not to turn out to vote. I don’t know why someone would do that. All the true blue,
or I guess true red Republicans, we’ll be all out there, making sure that we vote for our senators,” he added.
Raffensperger, who certified Georgia’s election results for Biden last month, has received threats against
him and his family for doing so, and urged leaders from both sides “to condemn violence and threats of
violence”.
The attacks have also made it harder for local election officials to prepare for the runoff. Janine Eveler, the
director of elections and registration in Cobb county, which encompasses the Atlanta suburbs, said she had
been getting about 50 calls and emails a day from people concerned about the election.
“It has taken away time that we could be working on the election to field all of their questions,” she said,
adding that it was extremely difficult to convince the callers there had not been fraud. “They are unwilling to
listen to any rebuttal of that. It’s fruitless. You can’t really explain anything to anybody because they’re not
willing to listen.”
Eveler said the attacks had taken a toll on election workers. She said her office had lost about 15 workers for
the runoffs, which she attributed to a combination of concerns about Covid, burnout, and the attacks.
“The public scrutiny over things, the accusations of wrongdoing that we’ve endured is very discouraging to
people,” she said. “They don’t make a lot of money. And they’re working really hard. And to be accused of
fraudulent activity, it’s hard for people. Their pictures are in the newspaper all the time, counting ballots.”
The lack of staffing has also meant Cobb county has had to cut by half the number of early voting sites for
the runoff, a move that drew strong objections from civil rights groups who said the few sites that were
available were not adequately accessible for minority voters. Cobb county is one of the largest in Georgia,
home to more than 537,000 registered voters, and flipped to Biden in November – the first time the county
had chosen a Democratic candidate in 40 years.
Eveler acknowledged the accessibility was a problem and said the county was moving one site and working
on a plan to ramp up staffing and open two additional locations during the final week of early voting.
Republicans in the Georgia state legislature have already signaled they intend to use the uncertainty Trump
created around the election to implement new restrictions on voting by mail. State Republicans said this
month they planned to move legislation that would require photo ID with a mail-in ballot, eliminate ballot drop
boxes and require an excuse to vote by mail – a rule that exists in just a handful of states.
Jon Ossoff bumps elbows with Julián Castro during a Latino voter registration event in Lilburn, Georgia, on 7
December. Photograph: Dustin Chambers/Reuters
“I can’t understand why all of a sudden now we have to have these barriers to vote by mail,” said Helen
52
Butler, executive director of the Georgia Coalition for the People’s Agenda, a civil rights group that helps
expand access to the polls. “When the other side used it – and I’m just gonna be honest, more white people
used vote by mail than people of color, because they didn’t trust the process – now that we’ve got them
trusting the process, now they want to go in and change the rules.”
National Democrats, too, see Trump’s efforts to undermine the process as a long-term danger to democracy
across the country, which could extend well beyond the election in Georgia.
At an Ossoff campaign rally in the city of Lilburn, just outside Atlanta, Julián Castro, the former presidential
candidate and US housing secretary, paused in the cold to reflect on the post-election circus.
“The attacks that Donald Trump is launching against the basic foundations of our democracy are dangerous.
They are the types of things that can weaken the common agreement we all have of participating in
democracy, believing in it, supporting it and abiding by it,” he told the Guardian.
“All because this man acts like a child and can’t put the needs of the country above his own selfish needs.”
• This article was amended on 13 December 2020 because an earlier version misspelt the city of Cumming
as Cuming.
8) LeBlanc P. (2020). Top Trump ally Chris Christie says it's time to accept Biden won the election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/17/politics/chris-christie-us-election-cnntv/index.html)
TOP TRUMP ALLY CHRIS CHRISTIE SAYS IT'S TIME TO ACCEPT BIDEN WON THE ELECTION
By Paul LeBlanc, CNN
Updated 0304 GMT (1104 HKT) December 18, 2020
Washington (CNN)Former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, a staunch ally of President Donald Trump, said
Thursday evening it's time to accept that Joe Biden won the 2020 election as the President continues to
push baseless conspiracy theories that his second term is being stolen.
"Whenever anybody loses an election -- party, an individual -- there is great disappointment. But elections
have consequences and this one was clearly won by President-elect Biden by the same margin in the
Electoral College that President Trump won four years ago -- by even more, nearly double the popular vote,"
Christie told CNN's Chris Cuomo on "Prime Time."
"This election, there has been no evidence put forward that has shown me as a former prosecutor that there
is any fraud that would change the results of the election. It's time for us to accept that defeat. Also, by the
way, accept the many victories we had that night. Fourteen new House members, two legislatures at the
state level switched, and a governorship flipped to the Republican party."
"We had a great night except at the top of the ticket," he continued. "So we need to accept that and we need
to move on."
The comments from Christie, who previously derided Trump's legal team as a "national embarrassment,"
come as a growing number of high-profile Republicans acknowledge Biden's victory and refer to him
accurately as "President-elect."
"The Electoral College has spoken," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said on the Senate floor
earlier this week, adding, "Today I want to congratulate President-elect Joe Biden."
But a wide swath of Republicans on Capitol Hill are still siding with Trump or ignoring his daily conspiracy
theories altogether. And the President's staunchest defenders are urging him to fight his loss all the way to
the House floor in January.
It is not unusual for a losing candidate's most fervent supporters to take their case to the House floor --
something that occurred after the 2016, 2004 and 2000 presidential races. But it is unusual for the losing
53
candidate to mount a weeks-long public campaign aimed at sowing discord and distrust over a pillar of
democracy, something that Trump has done relentlessly since losing the race.
Pressed Thursday on being perceived as disloyal to the Republican Party because of his comments, Christie
offered: "I am a person who relies on the facts."
"The facts are that every one of these lawsuits has been thrown out of court, not because these judges and
certainly not the justices of the Supreme Court lacked courage. It's because the claims lacked evidence,"
Christie said.
"You got to fight based on the facts," he added, "and so name calling won't change anything at this point."
9) Levine S. (2020). Supreme court rejects Republican bid to overturn Biden's Pennsylvania victory
(https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/dec/08/us-supreme-court-republican-pennsylvania-election-results-
trump)
SUPREME COURT REJECTS REPUBLICAN BID TO OVERTURN BIDEN'S PENNSYLVANIA VICTORY
Lawsuit filed on behalf of Republican congressman took issue with 2019 state law that expanded
mail-in voting
Sam Levine in New York and agencies
Wed 9 Dec 2020 00.04 GMT
The US supreme court on Tuesday turned away a long-shot bid by Republicans to overturn the election
results in Pennsylvania, where Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump in the 2020 race.
The suit, filed on behalf of Mike Kelly, a Republican congressman from Pennsylvania, took issue with a 2019
state law that adopted no-excuse absentee voting, and argued that the expansion of mail-in voting was
illegal.
Several courts, including the Pennsylvania supreme court, had already denied the request, noting that Kelly
waited until after the 2020 election to file his suit when the law was in place well before the election.
The case is the first piece of 2020 election litigation to reach the US supreme court, which has a 6-3
conservative majority including three Trump appointees. But the decision is not a surprise. As is customary
with emergency requests, the supreme court did not offer an explanation for its decision. There were no
noted dissents.
Pennsylvania was one of the pivotal states in the election, with Biden, a Democrat, defeating Trump after the
Republican president won the state in 2016. State officials had already certified the election results.
Trump has falsely claimed that he won re-election, making unfounded claims about widespread voting fraud
in states including Pennsylvania. Democrats and other critics have accused Trump of aiming to reduce
public confidence in the integrity of US elections and undermine democracy by trying to subvert the will of
the voters.
“This election is over. We must continue to stop this circus of ‘lawsuits’ and move forward,” the Pennsylvania
attorney general, Josh Shapiro, a Democrat, wrote on Twitter.
The supreme court also must decide what to do with another election-related case brought on Tuesday.
Republican-governed Texas, hoping to help Trump, mounted an unusual effort to overturn the election
54
results in Pennsylvania and three other states – Georgia, Michigan and Wisconsin – by filing a
lawsuit against them directly at the supreme court.
The Republican plaintiffs argued that the universal, “no-excuse” mail-in ballot program passed by the
Republican-controlled Pennsylvania legislature in 2019, enabling voters to cast ballots by mail for any
reason, violated the state’s constitution.
Biden won Pennsylvania by 80,000 votes and received a much higher proportion of the mail-in votes than
Trump. Many more people voted by mail this year because of health concerns prompted by the coronavirus
pandemic as they sought to avoid crowds at polling places.
Ahead of the election, Trump urged his supporters not to vote by mail, making groundless claims that mail-in
voting – a longstanding feature of American elections – was rife with fraud.
Pennsylvania said in a court filing that the Republican challengers were asking the justices to “undertake one
of the most dramatic, disruptive invocations of judicial power” in US history by nullifying a state’s certification
of its election results.
The state said most of what the challengers had sought was moot because the election results already were
certified and what they were really wanted was for “the court overturn the results of the election”.
Trump’s campaign and his allies have lost in a stream of lawsuits in key states won by Biden, also including
Georgia, Michigan, Wisconsin and others. Judges have rejected sweeping assertions of voting irregularities.
Biden has amassed 306 electoral votes – exceeding the necessary 270 – compared with 232 for Trump in
the state-by-state electoral college that determines the election’s outcome, while also winning the national
popular vote by more than 7m votes.
Tuesday represents a “safe harbor” deadline set by an 1887 US law for states to certify presidential election
results. Meeting the deadline is not mandatory but provides assurance that a state’s results will not be
second-guessed by Congress. After this deadline, Trump could still pursue lawsuits seeking to overturn
Biden’s victory but the effort would become even more difficult.
Reuters contributed to this report
10 McCarthy T. (2020). ‘Will he ever concede?’: Trump keeps GOP leaders in endless political limbo
) (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/09/trump-republicans-presidential-election-joe-biden)
‘WILL HE EVER CONCEDE?’: TRUMP KEEPS GOP LEADERS IN ENDLESS POLITICAL LIMBO
Republicans in Congress cling to hope that electoral college event will prompt Trump to admit to the
realities of the election results
The majority of Republican voters who think the election was fraudulent, despite no supporting evidence, is
still growing. Photograph: Erin Scott/Reuters
Tom McCarthy and agency
@TeeMcSee
Wed 9 Dec 2020 20.38 GMT
First Republicans in Congress gave Donald Trump a week to admit he lost the presidential election. Then
they called for the lame duck president to have his day in court, where the Trump campaign amassed a 1-51
win-loss record in challenging Democrat Joe Biden’s victory.
55
Next Republicans pointed to the so-called “safe harbor” deadline of 8 December, when states would certify
their respective results, as the date when Trump would surely be forced to admit his loss. But that deadline
came and went on Tuesday, seemingly unnoticed by the White House.
Now, it is beginning to dawn on some members of the Republican leadership that Trump is working on a
calendar all his own, and that the political limbo they now inhabit – unable to take the basic step, as elected
officials in the United States of America, of recognizing the rightful winner of a free and fair election – might
never end, assuming they will not summon the courage to contradict Trump.
“I don’t know that he’s ever gonna concede,” John Thune, the Senate majority whip, told Politico on
Wednesday. More than 200 Republicans in Congress – about 90% of the total – will not say publicly who
won the presidential election, the Washington Post found.
The Republican silence has given Trump a window to expand his attacks on US democracy. The president’s
tweeted lies about fake election fraud have escalated in the last month to include the simple message on
Twitter “#OVERTURN”.
The majority of Republican voters who think the election was fraudulent, despite findings to the contrary by
Trump’s own administration and no supporting evidence, is still growing.
The high stakes are plain. As Trump himself put it on Wednesday: “How can you have a presidency when a
vast majority think the election was RIGGED?”
Some Republicans cling to hopes that upcoming events in the transfer of power – future dates on the
election calendar – will cause Trump to change course, and relax the pressure on them. Next Monday, 14
December, the electoral college meets to cast votes based on state certifications of the result.
On 6 January, Vice-President Mike Pence, in his capacity as president of the US Senate, is to preside over a
ceremonial meeting of a joint session of Congress at which the electoral votes are added up and Joe
Biden is formally declared the next president.
Representative Alex Mooney, a Republican from West Virginia who introduced a House resolution on
Tuesday that encourages neither Trump nor Biden to concede until all the investigations are completed,
expressed faith that the congressional count would convince Trump and end the silence of his colleagues.
“The end is when the roll call is put up here,” Mooney told the Associated Press.
But the five weeks since the election are littered with flawed speculation by Republicans about the
supposedly imminent moment when Trump would admit reality and they could safely follow suit.
“I think the goal here is to give the president and his campaign team some space to demonstrate there is
real evidence to support any claims of voter fraud,” one senior Senate Republican aide told Reuters on 10
November. “If there is, then they will be litigated quickly. If not, we’ll all move on.”
“At some point this has to give,” a second aide told Reuters at the time. “And I give it a week or two.”
The result is a risky standoff like none other in US history. The refusal to agree upon the facts of the election
– which was called for Biden by the leading media decision desks, including the Associated Press
and, thereby, the Guardian, on 7 November, threatens to undermine voter confidence, chisel away at the
legitimacy of Biden’s presidency and re-stack civic norms.
Trump sent his party down this unprecedented path by claiming the election was “rigged”, but Republican
leadership has enabled doubts to swell through their past four weeks of silence.
The president has personally called on some local elected officials to reconsider the results. Now, the
disputed election has taken on a political life of its own that the party’s leadership may not be able to squash,
56
even as Trump’s legal challenges crumble and state and national level officials declared it the most secure
election in US history.
Republicans say it makes little political sense at this point for them to counter Trump’s views lest they risk a
backlash from his supporters – their own constituents – back home.
They are relying on Trump voters to power the Georgia runoff elections on 5 January that will determine
control of the Senate. And while some GOP lawmakers have acknowledged Biden’s victory, most prefer to
keep quiet, letting the process play out “organically”, as one aide put it, into January.
But election experts warn of long-term damage to the long-cherished American system.
“It clearly hurts confidence in the elections,” said Trey Grayson, the Republican former secretary of state for
Kentucky and a past president of the National Association of Secretaries of State.
“My hope,” he said, is by 14 December “there will be some more voices, but my gut is it won’t be until the
6th” (of January).
Edward Foley, an elections expert and constitutional law professor at Ohio State University, said it was true
that the election winner is not officially the president-elect until the Congress declares it so with its vote on 6
January to accept the electoral college results.
“I’m less concerned about the timing, but that it happens,” he said.
For Americans to “have faith” in the elections, the losing side has to accept defeat. “It’s very, very dangerous
if the losing side can’t get to that,” he said.
“It’s essential for the parties to play by that ethos – even if one individual, Mr Trump, can’t do it, the party has
to do it,” he said.
“What’s so disturbing about the dynamic that has developed since election day is that the party has been
incapable of conveying that message because they’re taking their cues from Trump.”
11 Murphy K. (2020). Trump 'penned political suicide note' at every Covid press conference, former
) Australian PM says
(https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/17/trump-penned-political-suicide-note-at-every-covid-
press-conference-former-australian-pm-says)
TRUMP 'PENNED POLITICAL SUICIDE NOTE' AT EVERY COVID PRESS CONFERENCE, FORMER
AUSTRALIAN PM SAYS
If US president handled coronavirus pandemic ‘half-decently’ he would have won election, John
Howard says
Donald Trump was headed to election victory until the pandemic hit, the former Australian PM John Howard
has said. Photograph: Sarah Silbiger/Getty Images
Katharine Murphy Political editor
@murpharoo
Wed 16 Dec 2020 16.30 GMT
The former Australian prime minister John Howard has said Donald Trump penned a lengthy “political
suicide note” with his “terrible” handling of the coronavirus pandemic, without which the Republican would
have prevailed against Joe Biden.
57
Howard, who led a conservative Coalition government for nearly 12 years, made the remarks on Wednesday
night during a question and answer session at the Menzies Research Centre at the conclusion of a lecture
delivered by the former National party leader John Anderson.
“If Donald Trump had handled the pandemic half-decently he would have won the election,” Howard said.
“He was headed towards a victory until the pandemic hit. It was his mishandling of that because, in the end,
the public, when threatened, want their leaders to defend them against the threat.”
Howard said competent public health responses had increased the popularity of political leaders across
Australia.
“That’s why Scott Morrison has very high approvals, Gladys Berejiklian has, our friend [Mark McGowan] in
Western Australia has, and even our friend in Victoria [Daniel Andrews] is surviving – he’s more than
surviving, politically, he is quite perpendicular at the present time,” the former Liberal leader said. “Now part
of that is a perception that difficult as it all was, and so forth, he got the show through.”
Howard noted that Andrews, the Labor premier in Victoria, had been “open to a lot of political attack”.
“I know this is not a political occasion so I shouldn’t join in that attack,” he said.
“But I think there’s something to be said for the proposition – and this is an optimistic thing in a way – that
the side of politics in America that embraced identity politics far more, namely the Democratic party side,
sure Biden won, but given how appallingly Trump handled the pandemic how could he not win?
“Every time [Trump] had a news conference he was penning a political suicide note.”
Howard, Australia’s prime minister from 1996 to 2007, said Trump’s handling of the pandemic was “terrible”
but still the Republicans did “far better than many people expected” in Congress.
Anderson’s lecture to the Liberal-aligned thinktank on Wednesday night railed against “wokeness” and
identity politics.
Despite Biden’s resounding victory both in the electoral college and the popular vote, Howard said he
detected a backlash in “middle America” which prevented the Democrats from gaining control of the
legislature.
“I draw a little bit of encouragement from that, not in a partisan sense – I am more sympathetic to the
Republicans than I am to the Democrats – but I think probably there was a middle America rejection to be
found in that election outcome, notwithstanding the fact that [Biden] won and I think you are starting to see it
reflected in Biden’s choice of people who will serve in his administration – they are not as leftwing and
embracing of political correctness as you might expect.”
Anderson agreed with Howard’s thesis and declared the media in Australia and the US were preoccupied
with characterising Trump as a “terrible person” rather than analysing his policies.
The former Nationals leader and deputy prime minister did not reflect on Trump’s habitual lying while in
office or the scandals that ultimately defined his presidency.
Anderson noted that an “astonishing” number of Americans voted for Trump despite the mismanagement of
Covid-19. Howard said in response to that observation: “He did have a number of flaws.”
And Anderson said the looming runoff election in the state of Georgia was “a very important runoff for the
globe – I mean what happens in American politics at this point in history is probably as important to us as
what happens here”.
“I’m so motivated by what I see as the real potential for us to lose our freedoms,” Anderson said. “I’m so
despairing at our lack of, am I allowed to say, manning up.”
After deciding he should instead say “humanising up” – “there’s a touch of wokeism in everyone” – Anderson
58
concluded by stating that when it came to the defence of freedom “it’s all hands to the wheel”.
12 Nobles R. (2020). Loeffler leaves open the option of objecting to the Electoral College results
) (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/kelly-loeffler-electoral-college/index.html)
LOEFFLER LEAVES OPEN THE OPTION OF OBJECTING TO THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE RESULTS
By Ryan Nobles, CNN
(CNN)Sen. Kelly Loeffler, a Georgia Republican who is up for reelection in a heated runoff race set for
January 5, left open the possibility Wednesday that she may object to the Electoral College results of Joe
Biden's victory when the matter is brought before the US Congress next month.
"January 6 is a long ways off; right now we've got a Senate race to run here in Georgia," Loeffler said.
"We've got to win. The future of the country is on the ballot. I'm focused on making sure that we win that, to
hold the line here in Georgia against the radical left, the democrat socialist policies, and that's what I'm doing
every single day."
When pressed if she was leaving the option open, Loeffler responded: "I haven't looked at it. January 6 is a
long way off; there's a lot to play out between now."
Loeffler, who is being challenged by the Rev. Raphael Warnock, also refused to call Biden the President-
elect during a short news conference after she cast her ballot Wednesday morning for the Georgia races.
She deflected or ignored several direct questions about the results of the presidential election, claiming she
was focusing all of her energy on the January 5 runoff.
"The President has a right to every legal recourse," she said. "That's what's playing out right now. I'm
focused on winning this race on January 5."
Both GOP candidates in the Georgia runoff have found themselves in a difficult position as they attempt to
fire up Republican base voters to participate in the runoff, which is expected to be very close.
Their efforts have been complicated by President Donald Trump, who, despite endorsing Loeffler and GOP
Sen. David Perdue, has spent much of his time challenging the results of the presidential race in Georgia
and attacking leading Republicans who oversaw the voting process and confirmed the results.
Perdue and Loeffler have leaned in to the President's attacks without specifically endorsing them. During her
last debate with Warnock, Loeffler refused to describe the November election as "rigged" but also declined
to say that Biden was the winner.
Warnock quickly pounced on Loffler's comments Wednesday, accusing her of disrespecting voters in
Georgia.
"After refusing for weeks to acknowledge the basic fact that Joe Biden and Kamala Harris won the election,
Kelly Loeffler is now leaving the door open to challenging those results in Congress," Warnock said in a
statement. "That's reckless and disrespectful of Georgia voters."
Republican voters in Georgia have put an enormous amount of pressure on Loeffler and Perdue to
demonstrate support for Trump's ill-fated quest to overturn the results. Some have interrupted their
campaign stops demanding they do more to stand up for Trump. When the pair appeared onstage with
Trump during a rally in Valdosta, the crowd erupted in a chant of "Fight for Trump."
It's left Loeffler and Perdue in a situation where they been forced to wade carefully through the sensitive
issue and commit full loyalty to Trump, despite the reality of the results of the presidential race. So much so
that when Loeffler was asked Wednesday if she will ever concede that Biden won the election she
responded:
59
"Look, there will be a time for that, if that becomes true."

Loeffler may have a say on January 6, win or lose. Because she is filling a seat vacated by the retirement of
Sen. Jonny Isakson, she will remain in office until the results of the runoff are certified by the Georgia
secretary of state. That could take a week or longer, depending on how long it takes to count all the votes. It
is likely that even if she is the apparent loser, she may still be a member of the Senate when Congress
convenes to take up the Electoral College results.
13 Pengelly M. (2020). Trump's fraud claims undermine democracy, ex-US election security chief says
) (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/30/trump-election-fraud-claims-aim-chris-krebs)
TRUMP'S FRAUD CLAIMS UNDERMINE DEMOCRACY, EX-US ELECTION SECURITY CHIEF SAYS
Chris Krebs, who was fired from Department of Homeland Security two weeks after the election, calls
Trump’s actions dangerous
Chris Krebs on Capitol Hill in Washington DC on 14 May 2019. Photograph: Shawn Thew/EPA

Martin Pengelly in New York
@MartinPengelly
Mon 30 Nov 2020 15.51 GMT
Donald Trump and his allies are “undermining democracy” with evidence-free claims of fraud and
conspiracy, the former head of US election security said on Sunday, discussing the effort he led before he
was fired by the president.
“What I saw was an apparent attempt to undermine confidence in the election, to confuse people, to scare
people,” Chris Krebs told CBS 60 Minutes.
Trump called the interview “ridiculous, one-sided [and] an international joke”, as he continued to tweet
conspiracy theories and baseless claims of electoral malpractice.
Trump lost the electoral college to Joe Biden by 306-232, the result he said was a landslide when it was in
his favour over Hillary Clinton in 2016. Biden is more than 6m ahead in the popular vote and won the support
of more than 80m Americans, the most of any presidential candidate.
Trump belatedly allowed the transition to proceed but has not conceded defeat, despite his team having won
one election-related lawsuit and lost 39.
Relaying baseless claims to reporters over the Thanksgiving holiday, the president did say he will leave the
White House if the electoral college is confirmed for Biden. It votes on 14 December, a result certified on 6
January. Inauguration day is 20 January.
Krebs, 43, was fired as head of the Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure
Security Agency (Cisa) two weeks after election day. Two days after that, at Republican National Committee
headquarters in Washington, the Trump attorney Rudy Giuliani gave a press conference in which he and
then team member Sidney Powell pushed Trump’s false claims.
“It was upsetting,” Krebs told CBS.
“It’s not me, it’s not just Cisa. It’s the tens of thousands of election workers out there that had been working
nonstop, 18-hour days, for months. They’re getting death threats for trying to carry out one of our core
democratic institutions, an election. And that was, again, to me, a press conference that … didn’t make
60
sense. What it was actively doing was undermining democracy. And that’s dangerous.”
Trump tweeted in response, part of a stream of Sunday night messages.
“There is no foreign power that is flipping votes,” Krebs said. “There’s no domestic actor flipping votes. I did it
right. We did it right. This was a secure election.”
Claims by Trump lawyers of interference from Venezuela or China were “farcical”, he said, adding: “The
American people should have 100% confidence in their vote.”
Polling, however, shows a majority of Republicans believe the president. Krebs defended state officials who
Trump, and subsequently his supporters, have targeted.
“It’s in my view a travesty what’s happening right now with all these death threats to election officials, to
secretaries of state,” Krebs said.
“I want everybody to look at Secretary [Kathy] Boockvar in Pennsylvania, Secretary [Jocelyn] Benson in
Michigan, Secretary [Barbara] Cegavske in Nevada, Secretary [Katie] Hobbs in Arizona. All strong women
that are standing up, that are under attack from all sides, and they’re defending democracy. They’re doing
their jobs.
“Look at Secretary [Brad] Raffensperger in Georgia. Lifelong Republican. He put country before party in his
holding a free and fair election in that state. There are some real heroes out there. There are some real
patriots.”
14 Perez E., Cole D. (2020). William Barr says there is no evidence of widespread fraud in presidential
) election
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/01/politics/william-barr-election-2020/index.html)
WILLIAM BARR SAYS THERE IS NO EVIDENCE OF WIDESPREAD FRAUD IN PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
By Evan Perez and Devan Cole, CNN
(CNN)The Justice Department hasn't found evidence to support allegations of widespread fraud that could
have changed the result of last month's presidential election, Attorney General William Barr said in an
interview with the Associated Press published Tuesday.
The comments from Barr, who has been steadfast in his support of President Donald Trump during his
tenure, represent the latest official rebuke from Republicans of the President's claims of widespread fraud in
his loss to Joe Biden.
"To date, we have not seen fraud on a scale that could have effected a different outcome in the election,"
Barr said.
Barr, who prior to the election echoed Trump's claims that mail-in voting wasn't secure, said both the Justice
Department and the Department of Homeland Security have looked into claims of fraud and come up empty.
"There's been one assertion that would be systemic fraud and that would be the claim that machines were
programmed essentially to skew the election results," Barr said. "And the DHS and DOJ have looked into
that, and so far, we haven't seen anything to substantiate that."
Barr's announcement came the same day he publicly revealed he appointed Connecticut US Attorney John
Durham to act as special counsel investigating whether intelligence and law enforcement violated the law in
investigating the 2016 Trump presidential campaign -- essentially keeping that issue alive into the Biden
administration.
Trump and his attorneys are still pursuing desperate legal challenges to the 2020 election results in some
61
key states, despite the fact that a number of them have already certified their results.
Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey said Monday that his state's elections were secure, drawing condemnation from
the President.
"I've been pretty outspoken about Arizona's election system, and bragged about it quite a bit, including in the
Oval Office," the Republican governor tweeted in part, praising the state's election laws and practices as
secure and empowering to voters. Biden beat Trump by 10,457 votes in Arizona, the secretary of state's
office said.
And last week, Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp and Georgia's secretary of state rejected Trump's calls for them to
overturn the state's election results after they were certified. Trump has made a series of unfounded claims
of fraud in the state, for which there is no evidence, and he lost the state to Biden by more than 12,000
votes. Trump has criticized Kemp for how he handled the state's recount.
Barr had previously pushed similar claims to the ones Trump has repeatedly made, including in September,
when he made a number of false and misleading statements to CNN's Wolf Blitzer in an interview in which
he condemned states using mail-in voting during the coronavirus pandemic.
"People trying to change the rules to this, to this methodology -- which, as a matter of logic, is very open to
fraud and coercion -- is reckless and dangerous and people are playing with fire," Barr said at the time.
Barr's comments will almost certainly raise questions about Trump's relationship to his attorney general
moving forward, especially given the fact that Chris Krebs, the official running the cyber arm of the
Department of Homeland Security, was jettisoned by the President because of a statement he released
saying Trump's claims of widespread voter fraud were "highly inaccurate."
Barr went to the White House on Tuesday for a pre-planned meeting with chief of staff Mark Meadows, an
official told CNN.
Two attorneys working for Trump swiftly rejected Barr's assessment on Tuesday, repeating their claim that
they have "ample evidence of illegal voting in at least six states," which they say the attorney general isn't
privy to.
"With the greatest respect to the attorney general, his opinion appears to be without any knowledge or
investigation of the substantial irregularities and evidence of systemic fraud," attorneys Rudy Giuliani and
Jenna Ellis said in a statement.
This story has been updated with additional information on Barr's actions.
CNN's Caroline Kelly, Katelyn Polantz and Kaitlan Collins contributed to this report.
15 Phillips T., Agren D. (2020) Brazil and Mexico presidents recognize Biden's victory after facing
) criticism
(https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/mexico-amlo-lopez-obrador-congratulates-joe-biden)
BRAZIL AND MEXICO PRESIDENTS RECOGNIZE BIDEN'S VICTORY AFTER FACING CRITICISM
Jair Bolsonaro and Andrés Manuel López Obrador both acknowledged Democrat’s win after six-week
hesitation
Jair Bolsonaro in Brasília, Brazil, on 23 October. Photograph: Adriano Machado/Reuters

Tom Phillips in Rio de Janeiro and David Agren in Mexico City
62
Tue 15 Dec 2020 21.20 GMT

The populist leaders of Brazil and Mexico have both finally recognized Joe Biden’s election victory after
facing heavy criticism for their six-week hesitation.
“Greetings to President Joe Biden with my best wishes and the hope that the US continues to be the land of
the free and the home of the brave,” the Brazilian president, Jair Bolsonaro, a pre-eminent Donald Trump
admirer, tweeted late on Tuesday afternoon. “I will be ready to work with the new government.”
Earlier Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Mexico’s president, sent the US president-elect a lukewarm two-page
letter which contrasted with the enthusiastic seven-page missive he sent Trump after his own election in
2018.
López Obrador’s decision had left Bolsonaro as the most prominent member of a tiny band of holdouts still
declining to endorse the result.The Russian president, Vladimir Putin, also congratulated Biden on Tuesday,
wishing the president-elect “every success”.
Rubens Ricupero, Brazil’s former ambassador to the US said he believed most Brazilian diplomats were
aghast at Bolsonaro’s delay in recognizing Biden’s win. “It’s a lunatic reaction that is utterly lacking in any
kind of diplomatic logic … Any diplomat with their head screwed on knows this is madness,” Ricupero said.
Even Brazil’s vice-president, Hamilton Mourão, had appeared perplexed. Before Bolsonaro’s announcement
on Tuesday, Mourão shrugged when quizzed by journalists over his boss’s motives, answering: “I don’t
know.”
Guga Chacra, a US-based foreign affairs commentator for Brazil’s GloboNews network, said he believed
Bolsonaro was moved by genuine admiration for Trump, who he often cites as an inspiration.
“He hasn’t not congratulated Biden because he has anything specific against him, but because he truly
idolizes Trump. He admires him and perhaps feels he owes his [2018] victory to Trump.”
Benjamin Netanyahu, Narendra Modi and Mohammed bin Salman had all recognized Biden’s win despite
their warm ties with Trump, Chacra pointed out. “But for them Trump was more of an ally. For Bolsonaro it’s
about idolatry. He’s a Trump fan – and he’s not ashamed of it.”
Amlo’s letter thanked Biden for his positive attitudes toward Mexican migrants and his willingness to promote
development in southern Mexico and Central America to slow outward migration.
But the Mexican president also sent a subtle warning to Biden, writing: “We have the certainty with you in the
[US] presidency it will be possible to continue applying the basic principles of foreign policy established in
our constitution; especially that of non-intervention.”
Amlo had previously defended his refusal to congratulate Biden by arguing it adhered to Mexico’s policy of
non-intervention in foreign affairs. But he also appeared to give credence to the US president’s
unsubstantiated claims of fraud, saying he was waiting for the resolution of any legal challenges.
“Having read AMLO’s congratulatory letter to Biden, I can only say it would have been better if he had not
congratulated him,” tweeted Gabriel Guerra Castellanos, a former Mexican diplomat. “If someone from this
side of the border doesn’t intervene, we will have four icy years in the US-Mexico relationship.”
Despite Trump’s discourteous comments toward Mexican during his improbable rise to power, Amlo and the
US president developed an unlikely relationship.
Writing to Trump after his own election in 2018, Amlo presented himself as a fellow populist – and signed off
with abrazos (hugs) as opposed to the more formal un saludo (regards) he directed at Biden.
“I am encouraged by the fact that we both know how to fulfill what we say and we have faced adversity
successfully,” he told Trump. “We managed to put our voters and citizens at the center and displace the
63
political establishment.
16 Pilkington E. (2020). Electoral college vote may be knockout blow to Trump's ploy to subvert election
) (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/dec/13/us-election-electoral-college-vote-biden-trump)
ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE MAY BE KNOCKOUT BLOW TO TRUMP'S PLOY TO SUBVERT
ELECTION
Formality to cement outcome of election takes on real political significance as Trump continues
efforts to undermine results
Ed Pilkington
@edpilkington
Mon 14 Dec 2020 10.41 GMT
Donald Trump on Monday could suffer a withering blow to his increasingly hopeless effort to overturn the
results of the US presidential election when 538 members of the electoral college will cast their ballots and
formally send Joe Biden to the White House.
Under the arcane formula which America has followed since the first election in 1789, Monday’s electoral
college vote will mark the official moment when Biden becomes the 46th president-in-waiting. Electors,
including political celebrities such as both Bill and Hillary Clinton, will gather in state capitols across the
country to cement the outcome of this momentous race.
Normally, the process is figurative and barely noted. This year, given Trump’s volatile display of tilting at
windmills in an attempt to negate the will of the American people, it will carry real political significance.
Trump continued those quixotic efforts over the weekend, sparking political unrest in several cities including
the nation’s capital. On Sunday morning he tweeted in all caps that this was the “most corrupt election in US
history!”.
In an interview with Fox & Friends that aired on Sunday, he insisted that his anti-democratic mission was not
over. “We keep going and we’re going to continue to go forward,” he said, before repeating a slew of lies
about the election having been rigged.
Trump’s barefaced untruths about having won key states including Pennsylvania and Georgia went entirely
unchallenged by the Fox News interviewer, Brian Kilmeade.
Any faltering hopes Trump might still harbor of hanging on to power were shattered on Friday when the US
supreme court bluntly dismissed a lawsuit led by Texas to block Biden’s victory in four other states. In a
different case, a Wisconsin supreme court judge decried Trump’s lawsuit aiming to nullify the votes of
200,000 Americans, saying it “smacked of racism”.
Despite the categoric rebuff that Trump has suffered in dozens of cases, including before the nation’s
highest court, his unprecedented ploy to tear up democratic norms continues to inflict untold damage on the
country with potential long-term consequences. The Texas-led push to overturn the election result was
backed by 126 Republicans in the House of Representatives – almost two-thirds of the party’s conference –
as well as Republican state attorneys general from 18 states.
Among the wider electorate, a recent Quinnipiac University poll found that 77% of Republicans believe –
64
mistakenly – that there was widespread voter fraud in the 3 November election.
Another manifestation of the harm that is being done was the violence that erupted on Saturday night across
several cities. In Washington DC, four people were stabbed and required hospital treatment, and 23 were
arrested, when far-right groups clashed with counter-protesters following a so-called “Stop the Steal”
march enthusiastically endorsed by Trump.
Far-right militia groups mingled among the Trump supporters and engaged in the violence, including the
white nationalist Proud Boys who call themselves “western chauvinists”. Michael Flynn, the former national
security adviser who Trump pardoned for lying to the FBI, addressed a crowd, exclaiming: “We decide the
election. We’re waging a battle across America.”
Violence also broke out in Olympia, the state capital of Washington state. One person was shot in clashes
between heavily armed factions, with Trump supporters and Proud Boys facing off against counter-
protesters, and three people were arrested.
Video footage appeared to show that the shot was fired by a member of the Proud Boys and that the victim
was a counter-protester, although details remained sketchy.
In Georgia, a separate militia group, Georgia Security Force III%, were in attendance at a far-right rally at the
statehouse on Saturday. The armed group has helped to organise recent caravans that have
intimidated local election officials at their homes claiming falsely that Biden’s victory in Georgia was
fraudulent.
Biden’s transition team has watched with growing alarm the spate of violent incidents that has cropped up
around Trump’s spurious claims of a rigged election. Cedric Richmond, a Democratic representative from
Louisiana who Biden has tapped as the incoming director of the White House Office of Public Engagement,
said they were anxious about what lay ahead in the holiday season.
“We are concerned about violence,” he told Face the Nation on CBS News. “Where there’s violence it is not
protest, that is breaking the law, so we are worried about it.”
Asked about the majority of House Republicans who backed Trump’s frivolous lawsuit to block election
results being certified, Richmond implied their resistance was more theatrical than real. “They recognize Joe
Biden’s victory. This is just a small proportion of the Republican conference that is appeasing the president
on his way out because they are scared of his Twitter” feed.
The outlier nature of Trump’s stubborn refusal to concede was underlined on Sunday by Al Gore in an
interview with CNN’s State of the Union. Exactly 20 years ago to the day, he conceded the bitterly-fought
2000 presidential race to George W Bush, saying: “This is America, we put country before party – we will
stand together behind our new president.”
Gore told CNN that he hoped Monday’s electoral college vote would be the beginning of healing. He called
the lawsuit dismissed by the supreme court “ridiculous and unintelligible”, and castigated those Republicans
who continued to stick with Trump in his “lost cause”.
“With the electoral college votes tomorrow in all 50 states, I hope that will be the point at which some of
those who have hung on will give up the ghost,” Gore said. “There are things more important than bowing to
the fear of a demagogue.”
17 Stark L., Cohen E. (2020). All 50 states and DC have now certified their presidential election results
) (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/09/politics/2020-election-results-certified/index.html)
ALL 50 STATES AND DC HAVE NOW CERTIFIED THEIR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS
By Liz Stark and Ethan Cohen, CNN
65
(CNN)All 50 states and the District of Columbia have now certified their presidential results, according to
CNN's tally, as the Electoral College process moves forward with the meeting of electors on Monday.
West Virginia became the final state to certify its presidential election results Wednesday, formally declaring
that President Donald Trump is entitled to the state's five electoral votes.
President-elect Joe Biden is projected to win 306 electoral votes, and Trump is projected to win 232. It takes
270 electoral votes of the 538 available to become president.
The states' certifications come as Trump has baselessly claimed that the election was rigged and sowed
doubt about the outcome of the presidential race. Dozens of lawsuits challenging the results have been
dismissed at the state and federal levels across the country since the November election.
Each state has different processes for certifying results, and some states certified their slate of presidential
electors separately from state and local election results.
The next major step in the Electoral College process is the meeting of the electors, who are required by
law to convene on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, which this year is December
14. The electors' votes are later transmitted to officials and counted in a joint session of Congress on
January 6.
Some states have laws that seek to bind their electors to the winning candidate and in some instances
stipulate that so-called "faithless electors" may be subject to penalties or replaced by another elector. The
Supreme Court ruled this summer that such laws punishing members of the Electoral College for breaking a
pledge to vote for the state's popular vote winner are constitutional.
18 Sullivan K. (2020). Biden hopes to complete Cabinet picks by Christmas
) (https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/10/politics/biden-new-cabinet-picks/index.html)
BIDEN HOPES TO COMPLETE CABINET PICKS BY CHRISTMAS
By Kate Sullivan and Jeff Zeleny, CNN
Washington (CNN)President-elect Joe Biden's goal is to have his remaining Cabinet selections announced
before Christmas, a transition official told CNN, with no plans of delaying any decisions until the outcome of
the Georgia runoffs determines control of the Senate.
This is contingent on Biden making up his mind and not delaying decisions on his picks, as he hears
criticism and suggestions from outside supporters and advocates.
Several announcements are expected next week. CIA director is expected to be at the beginning of the
week, with others grouped together later.
The timing of an attorney general announcement remains unclear, with sources offering conflicting
indications of when it will happen. A separate source on Thursday insisted Biden has yet to reach a final
decision, but others believe he has. The four finalists are Alabama Sen. Doug Jones, Merrick Garland, Sally
Yates and Deval Patrick, with Jones and Garland seen as the top two options.
Meanwhile, on Thursday, the President-elect announced a slate of new Cabinet nominees and picks for top
roles in his administration, including Denis McDonough for secretary of Veterans Affairs, Tom Vilsack for
66
Agriculture secretary and Marcia Fudge for secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

Biden tapped Susan Rice, former national security adviser during the Obama administration, as his director
of the Domestic Policy Council. The President-elect also announced Katherine Tai, who oversaw trade
enforcement for China during the Obama administration, as his nominee for United States Trade
Representative. All of Biden's picks announced Thursday except Rice will require confirmation by the United
States Senate to serve in their roles.
Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris are expected to introduce these key administration members
at an event on Friday in Wilmington, Delaware, the transition team said. CNN had previously reported all of
these administration picks.
The picks reflect how Biden is turning to longtime advisers and experts in their respective fields for top posts
in his administration. Many have close ties with Biden, and developed relationships with the President-elect
while working in the Obama administration.
"This dedicated and distinguished group of public servants will bring the highest level of experience,
compassion, and integrity to bear, solving problems and expanding possibilities for the American people in
the face of steep challenges," Biden said in a statement.
The President-elect continued, "The roles they will take on are where the rubber meets the road — where
competent and crisis-tested governance can make a meaningful difference in people's lives, enhancing the
dignity, equity, security, and prosperity of the day-to-day lives of Americans. This is the right team for this
moment in history, and I know that each of these leaders will hit the ground running on day one to take on
the interconnected crises families are facing today."
Vilsack served as agriculture secretary for the entirety of President Barack Obama's time in the White
House. He was unanimously confirmed by the US Senate in January 2009 and served in that post until he
stepped down in 2017, shortly before President Donald Trump took office. Vilsack is also the former
governor of Iowa -- in 1998, Vilsak became the first Democrat elected governor of Iowa in more than 30
years. He served as governor from 1999 to 2007.
McDonough was a longtime chief of staff to former President Barack Obama. He served as chief of staff
during Obama's entire second term and also worked as deputy national security adviser. McDonough
developed a close relationship with Biden while serving in both positions. He also chaired the National
Security Council's Deputies Committee, which is responsible for formulating the administration's national
security and foreign policy.
Fudge has represented Ohio's 11th Congressional District since 2008. She serves on a number of
committees, and previously chaired the Congressional Black Caucus. Prior to running for Congress, Fudge
made history as the first woman and first African American to be elected mayor of Warrensville Heights,
Ohio.
Rice was thought to be a contender to be Biden's vice president or secretary of state. First Obama's UN
ambassador and then later his national security adviser, Rice has a long and close relationship with Biden
and has deep foreign policy experience. She also served in Clinton's administration as the special assistant
to the president and senior director for African affairs at the White House, the assistant secretary for the
Bureau of African Affairs at the State Department and the director of international organizations and
peacekeeping at the National Security Council.
Tai is seen as an expert on China trade policy, and if confirmed by the Senate, would be the first woman of
color to serve as USTR. She is currently the top Democratic trade counsel for the House Ways and Means
67
Committee. Tai played a key role in negotiating trade policy for Democrats in the United States-Mexico-
Canada Agreement, which came under Trump's administration and replaced the North American Free Trade
Agreement.
19 Walters J. (2020). Biden nears record 80m votes as Trump persists in trying to overturn result
) (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/19/biden-latest-votes-record-amid-trump-legal-challenges)
BIDEN NEARS RECORD 80M VOTES AS TRUMP PERSISTS IN TRYING TO OVERTURN RESULT
Rising Biden tally and his popular vote lead overshadowed by Trump escalating
his false insistence that he actually won
Joanna Walters in New York and agency
@Joannawalters13
Thu 19 Nov 2020 18.40 GMT
Joe Biden is approaching a record 80m votes, with ballots still being counted and having already recorded
the highest number of votes for a US presidential election winner, as Donald Trump persisted on Thursday in
denying the result and trying to overturn it.
In a gigantic turnout of the US electorate, Trump has now got a record number of votes for a losing
candidate.
With more than 155m votes counted and California and New York – Democratic bastions – still counting,
turnout stood on Thursday at 65% of all eligible voters, the highest since 1908, according to data from the
Associated Press and the US Elections Project.
The rising Biden tally and his popular vote lead – nearly 6 million votes – has been overshadowed by Trump
escalating his false insistence that he actually won the 3 November election and his campaign and
supporters now intensifying efforts to stop or delay results being certified by state officials.
“It’s just a lot of noise going on, because Donald Trump is a bull who carries his own china shop with him,”
said Douglas Brinkley, a presidential historian at Rice University. “Once the noise recedes, it’s going to be
clear that Biden won a very convincing victory.”
Indeed, some experts are saying that the way the lame duck president is digging in on his false claims of
victory and an election stolen from him by widespread fraud, as all the while his legal challenges fall one by
one is actually serving to entrench his failure.
“Each [legal] loss further cements Biden’s win,” said election law expert Richard Hasen, Axios reported on
Thursday.
But Trump’s last ditch could also be dangerous.
“History shows that any leader who constructs a major myth, that is later shown to be false, will eventually
fall,” Harvard science historian and Merchants of Doubt author Naomi Oreskes further told Axios.
She added: “The risk is that he takes his country down with him.”
Trump has made up to 30 legal challenges so far and by Thursday morning, more than two weeks after the
polls closed for in-person voting and the bulk of mail-in ballots were received, 19 of those lawsuits had been
denied, dismissed, settled or withdrawn, NBC reported.
He is fighting the result in various ways in Pennsylvania, which tipped the election to Biden when it was
declared for the Democrat on 7 November and he passed the crucial 270-electoral college vote mark, also in
Georgia, Michigan, Wisconsin, Nevada and Arizona.
Biden currently has an electoral college lead of 290-232. But that does not include electors from Georgia,
where Biden leads Trump by 0.3 percentage points as officials conduct a hand tally which concluded on
Wednesday night with every expectation that Biden would be confirmed the winner on Thursday.
68
The Associated Press, the news agency whose projections of winners in each state are followed by the
Guardian, had not called the race in Georgia on Thursday morning, even though CNN has already called it
for Biden.
If Biden’s lead holds he will win the electoral college that determines the victor for the White House with 306
votes to 232 for Trump – the identical margin Trump won in 2016 over Hillary Clinton, which he then
described as a “landslide”.
On Thursday, Trump mounted an all-out assault on the election result in Michigan, reportedly planning to fly
state lawmakers to meet with him in Washington and phoning county officials in an apparent attempt to
derail the certification of Biden’s 150,000-vote victory in the state.
Some analysts believe the noise and confusion being generated by Trump is an end in itself, and sowing
chaos is the goal rather than a real attempt to overturn an election Trump – and increasingly those around
him – must know he has lost.
“This is all about maintaining his ego and visibility,” said Judd Gregg, the former Republican governor and
US senator from New Hampshire.
He added: “He’s raising a lot of money and he intends to use it.”
The scenario of confusion and doubt is exactly what Trump spent much of 2020 laying the groundwork for,
particularly with his unfounded claims that mail-in ballots would be subject to systemic fraud. That wasn’t
true before 2020 or in this election.
“His response should surprise no one. He foreshadowed it well before the election and it continues his
pattern of declaring victory, regardless of the actual facts,” said Tim Pawlenty, the former Republican
governor of Minnesota.
20 Zeleny J., Merica D., Vogue A. (2020). Biden’s search for an attorney general complicated by
) ‘competing questions’
(https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/biden-attorney-general/index.html)
BIDEN’S SEARCH FOR AN ATTORNEY GENERAL COMPLICATED BY ‘COMPETING QUESTIONS’
By Jeff Zeleny, Dan Merica and Ariane de Vogue, CNN
Washington (CNN)The deliberations among President-elect Joe Biden's tight circle of advisers about whom
he should nominate as attorney general have emerged as some of the more complicated of the transition,
sources familiar with the process tell CNN, with possible investigations into President Donald Trump, a
federal probe into Hunter Biden's business dealings and pressure from powerful outside groups hanging
over the process.
The discussions inside the transition team are down to a series of front-runners, people familiar with the
search tell CNN, with Judge Merrick Garland and Alabama's Sen. Doug Jones seen as the two most likely
choices. A final decision is not expected until next week.
In Garland, Biden's team sees someone who is unimpeachable and politically independent at a time when
rebuilding trust in the Department of Justice will be critical and a number of thorny political issues could
cross the attorney general's desk. Jones, on the other hand, has a strong civil rights background and is seen
as far closer to Biden, although that relationship could raise questions about his ability to impartially oversee
a department that is actively investigating the incoming president's son.
"Those are the competing questions," a person following the transition closely tells CNN. "Someone
perceived as above reproach or someone closer to Biden."
69
Sources told CNN that while Garland and Jones are currently seen as the leading contenders, it's always
possible that Biden will take a second look at former acting Attorney General Sally Yates or former
Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick.
None of Biden's earlier Cabinet picks were made in a vacuum and all have been subject to both internal and
external pressures. But the choice of attorney general has been more fraught, underscoring the tug of war
that has come alive inside the Democratic Party, with civil rights groups and progressives working hard to
influence Biden's decision.
Because many of the people being considered for attorney general are White, sources said there is a desire
inside Biden's orbit to roll out selections for other top Justice Department jobs, including possibly deputy
attorney general and the head of the department's civil rights division.
While many Cabinet picks have been longtime advisers and loyalists to Biden, people familiar with the
matter say the choice of attorney general is being viewed in a different light, in part because of the newly
announced federal probe into Hunter Biden's business dealings in China, which was launched before the
election but did not become public until earlier this month.
Even before the federal probe was announced, the President-elect and chief of staff Ron Klain were said to
be looking for someone who appeared above political reproach when making decisions about Trump-era
investigations in the Department of Justice under the Biden administration.
Garland is see as someone who would lead the department without political influence, but he does little to
excite liberals and would open up a seat on a key court.
"Harry Reid went nuclear in 2013 to enable Obama to fill seats on the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, widely
seen as the 2nd highest court in the land," tweeted Brian Fallon, the executive director of the liberal
advocacy group Demand Justice, who previously worked at the Department of Justice. "Opening up
Garland's seat on that same court, when there are plenty of other perfectly good AG picks, would be most
unfortunate."
Jones is far closer to Biden and has a strong civil rights record from his prosecution of Ku Klux Klan
members in Alabama but is inherently more political, given he is finishing his term as a Democratic senator.
And his relationship with Biden, while a selling point for the President-elect, could be used by Republicans to
question his impartially.
Jones declined to discuss Biden's attorney general selection or the conversations he's had about the job
while walking to Senate votes on Wednesday. Asked about the calls for a special counsel on the Hunter
Biden investigation, Jones said, "I don't think that would be appropriate for me to comment."
Jim Cole, a former deputy attorney general, said knowledge of politics is "not always a complete disqualifier
or a bad thing."
"One of the things the attorney general has to deal with is politics," Cole said. "You are going to have to deal
with politics one way or another. It is not that you are going to be guided by politics, but you need to
understand them."
A focus on someone who is impartial is partly borne out of Democratic reaction to Trump, who regularly
leaned on the Justice Department both publicly and privately to advance some of his political goals.
"I'm not going to be telling them what they have to do and don't have to do," Biden said of his attorney
general pick in an interview with CNN. "I'm not going to be saying, 'Go prosecute A, B or C' -- I'm not going
to be telling them. That's not the role. It's not my Justice Department, it's the people's Justice Department."
And at an event over the summer, Biden said the attorney general is "not the president's private lawyer."
70
"I will not interfere with the Justice Department's judgment of whether or not they think they should pursue
the prosecution of anyone that they think has violated the law," he said.
Garland does not have a particularly close relationship with Biden, but the argument being made on his
behalf includes that he is a universally respected jurist whose previous tenure at the Department of Justice
reflects that he knows the department well and would be able to navigate the need to remain independent
from the White House on prosecution matters and align with it on important policy agenda items.
Jones, however, has a far stronger background on civil rights. He previously worked as the US attorney for
the Northern District of Alabama and was the lead prosecutor suing KKK members responsible for the 16th
Street Baptist Church bombing.
Several civil rights leaders have implored Biden to select a person of color to lead the Justice Department,
given the forceful calls for racial justice after a remarkable year of protests and police brutality.
"We are in an era of heightened alert in the areas of race and criminal justice," the Rev. Al Sharpton, who
leads the National Action Network, told CNN earlier this month. "And anything that does not recognize that
means that people who voted for him, feeling he would deal with this issue, will feel a sense of betrayal."
Sharpton has said, however, that he is comfortable with Jones because of the senator's record on civil
rights.
For weeks, a small group of advisers on Biden's transition team has been poring over Garland's rulings and
statements. He was closely vetted four years ago as a Supreme Court nominee in the Obama administration
-- a nomination that was never taken up by Republicans in the Senate -- but the cases are being reviewed
again to avoid any surprises in today's more fractured Democratic Party.
Progressive groups bemoaned Garland's centrist reputation in 2016, with many still blaming former
President Barack Obama for choosing a nominee seen as more palatable to Republicans than some
Democrats. Now the Biden transition team is beginning to work to try to answer progressive leaders'
concerns about Garland -- should Biden choose him.
"Millions of people did not protest for racial justice this summer for the next attorney general to have opinions
on criminal justice reform to the right of the average Democrat," said Waleed Shahid, spokesman for the
liberal Justice Democrats.
The decision on an attorney general was always expected to be one of the last Cabinet picks Biden made,
given the critical importance in the post-Trump era and his long tenure on the Senate Judiciary Committee.
But as the Biden transition has been stung by a series of leaks around other Cabinet picks, the
conversations around those selections have gotten smaller and smaller, a source said. The hope is that
Biden will be able to announce the name before Christmas.
CNN's Nicquel Terry Ellis, Sarah Mucha and Jeremy Herb contributed to this report.
71

Translation Assignment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Translation Assignment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assignment on Translation Practice 1

ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATION

ARTICLES ABOUT US PRESIDENTAL ELECTION ON CNN.COM

(An assignment on Translation Practice 1)

By: Cao Thu Hien – ETE38

3.1.4. Back information 9

3.2.2. Part/ whole relationships 11

1.3. Limitation of the study

1.4. Method of the study

1.5. Design of the study

Part 2: Typical structure of an article on CNN.com and The Guardian

Part 3: Lexical features of US Presidential Election 2020

Part 5: Translation of selected articles

Part 6: Conclusion, References and Appendix.

2. Typical structure of an article on CNN and The Guardian

[Article 12: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/kelly-loeffler-electoral-college/index.html]

=> This article is ended with back information about Covid-19

available, enable, incapable, remarkable, comfortable,

buildings for passengers to wait in

Here are initialisms which can be found in 20 articles of US presidential election:

No. Article Initialisms Full form Meaning

9 7 DC District of Columbia an area of the eastern US that

3.1.4. Back information

No. Article Sentences Back

No. Article Sentences Conversion

3.1.7. Borrowed words

No. Article No. Borrowed Word Borrowed from

2 20,18,17 district Middle Dutch and French ‘district’, from Latin ‘districtus’

3.2.2. Part/ whole relationships

3.2.6. Polysemy and homonymy

This is polysemy which was found in 20 selected articles:

No. Article Sentences Polysemy Explanation

50 states certified results.

(CNN)All 50 states and the District of Columbia

President-elect win 306

270 electoral votes taken

The states' certifications come as Trump

Each state has different processes for certifying

The next major step in the Electoral College

December, which this year is December 14.

Electors’ votes transmitted

Some states have laws that seek to bind their

The Supreme Court ruled this summer that Laws punish electoral

3.3.2 Noun phrase in selected articles and their Vietnamese equivalents

ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE

Premodifier Head Noun Post-modifier

Art Noun Phrase Vietnamese

7 a crisp evening in Một buổi tối mùa thu rực rỡ ở

the meeting of electors Cuộc họp của các cử tri

former adviser x Cựu cố vấn an ninh quốc gia

3.3.3. Nominalization in selected articles and their Vietnamese equivalents

Nominalized English Vietnamese equivalents

3.3.4. Headline interpreting

Australian PM says Australian PM says

3.4.1. Terms and expressions in form of noun phrase

1 conservative majority đa số bảo thủ

4. Translation of selected articles

"Và tôi cho nó một hoặc hai tuần."

không tôn trọng cử tri ở Georgia.

9) Levine S. (2020). Supreme court rejects Republican bid to overturn Biden's

Far-right Trump supporters clash with counter-protesters in Washington – video

Proud Boys and Antifa activists square up in Washington. Photograph: Anadolu

Rival groups clash in Washington. Photograph: Leah Millis/Reuters