ATA 22 AutoFlight-L1

SJI TRAINING CENTER
ATA 22
Auto Flight
SJ100 - GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION ATA 22 AUTOFLIGHT

Technical Training Manual
SJI TRAINING CENTER
THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE USED FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD THIS DOCUMENT BE USED AS A REFERENCE
IT WILL NOT BE UPDATED

Technical Training Manual 2
SJI TRAINING CENTER
REVISION 2.0 (Jan 2011)
ATA 22 – AUTO FLIGHT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT PAGE
AFCS General 4
Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) 6
Autopilot 8
Flight Director 10
AP / FD Modes 12
AutoThrottle 14
AFCS Control & Indicating 18

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AUTO FLIGHT
AUTO FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM (AFCS) - GENERAL

The Auto Flight Control System (AFCS) includes the following major
functions:
► Autopilot
► Flight Director
► Auto Throttle
These functions provide:

► Pitch and Roll Axis control with Autopilot and Flight Director
► Automatic yaw control
► Automatic speed/thrust control
► Category 3A ILS precision approach/autoland

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AFCS
FLIGHT CONTROL
AUTOPILOT SYSTEM
(FCS)
CONTROL
SIGNALS FLIGHT CENTRAL DISPLAY
FROM GUIDANCE FLIGHT DIRECTOR SYSTEM
ONBOARD (FG) (CDS)
SYSTEMS
DIGITAL ENGINE
AUTO THROTTLE CONTROL UNIT
(DECU)
AUTO FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM (AFCS)

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AUTOFLIGHT
INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS (IMA) PLATFORM

The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Platform contains the
computers and software responsible for the AutoFlight Control
System (AFCS). The software is hosted in four computers known as
Core Processing and Input Output Modules (CPIOMs).
Each CPIOM is built with several program applications, which

function simultaneously. The Auto Flight Application (AFA) computes
tasks to perform AP/FD/A/T functions for cruise modes, landing,
take-off and go-around modes.
The CPIOMS interface with the AFCS components required for the
AFA:
► Flight Guidance Control Panel (FGCP) on the center glareshield
► Multipurpose Control and Display Unit (MCDU)
► Primary Flight Control Units (PFCUs)
► Side Stick Controllers
► Throttle Quadrant Assembly
► Digital Engine Control Unit (DECU)
► Central Display System (CDS)

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PFD ND EWD ND PFD
ILS
DATA
FMS
AUTO FLIGHT APPLICATION (IMA)

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AUTOFLIGHT
AUTOPILOT
When Autopilot (AP) is selected from the FCP, the CPIOMS send
signals to the Primary Flight Control Computers (PFCUs) to operate
the flight controls according to the mode selected and heading,
altitude and speed commands. AP/FD speed and lateral control
targets can either be supplied from the FCP or from the FMS.
AP ENGAGEMENT
The AP is engaged through the use of the AP engage pushbutton on
the FCP.
AP DISENGAGEMENT
The AP is disengaged automatically following a detected failure or
when excessive flight parameters are reached. The AP is manually
disengaged as follows:
► by use of the AP disconnect pushbuttons located on the sidesticks
► by pressing the AP engage pushbutton if illuminated
► by manual operation (movement) of either sidestick
► by action on the rudder pedals.

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SURFACES
AUTOPILOT (AP) OPERATION

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AUTOFLIGHT
FLIGHT DIRECTOR (FD)

The (FD) mode uses commands from the Flight Management
System based on the programmed flight plan enetered through the
MCDU. The FD mode gives pitch and roll guidance to the flight crew
for manual flying, or pitch and roll commands for AP operation.
ENGAGEMENT
The FD is engaged through the use of the FD engage pushbutton on
the FCP.

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CDS
CPIOM 22
AFA 2 ADN SWITCHING
MODULES
PFD
SWM 22
CPIOM 21
AFA 2
SWM 21
SWM 12
CPIOM 12
AFA 1
SWM 11
PFD
CPIOM 11
CONTROLS
AFA 1 FOR COMMAND
BARS
FLIGHT DIRECTOR (FD) OPERATION

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AUTOFLIGHT
AUTOPILOT / FLIGHT DIRECTOR (AP/FD) MODES
TAKE-OFF MODE (TO) APPROACH MODE

Take-off mode includes the take-off run phase and speed-hold phase This mode provides either an ILS approach and landing or a non-
during initial climb. A fixed pitch FD bar is displayed at the take-off precision approach depending on the flight plan approach selection.
run phase. After lift-off, guidance is provided for speed and track
hold. The ILS approach and landing have the following phases:
► localizer (LOC) armed / capture / tracking
AP/FD CRUISE MODES ► glideslope (GS) armed / capture / tracking
The PITCH cruise modes are as follows: ► LAND phase (as soon as LOC track and GS track phases have
► Vertical Navigation: FM Descent (VNAV) been achieved and radio altitude is below specific value)
► Vertical Speed (VS) ► flare phase (the aircraft shall be controlled down to touchdown)
► Flight Path Angle (FPA) ► decrab
► Level-off (LVLOFF)
► Altitude Acquire (ALT ACQ) The approach mode is selected by pressing the APPR pushbutton on
► Altitude Hold (ALT HOLD) the FCP.
► Climb/Descent (CLB/DES)
GO-AROUND MODE (GA)
The LATERAL cruise modes are as follows: A Go-Around mode is provided. Under this mode the aircraft is
► Heading (HDG) controlled as follows:
► Track (TRK) ► hold a reference track equal to current track at Go-Around initiation
► FM Navigation (LNAV) ► hold a reference speed equal to the current speed at Go-Around
► Localizer (LOC) initiation
► pitch attitude is limited
The NAV modes provide capture and hold of the active flight plan.
LNAV mode is armed on the ground and becomes active during The mode is initiated by pressing either of the TOGA pushbuttons
initial climb after take-off. located on the throttle levers.

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FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR (FMA)
FLIGHT DIRECTOR BARS
PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)
AP / FD MODES
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AUTOFLIGHT
AUTOTHROTTLE (A/T)
The Auto Throttle (A/T) system is designed to control the engine
thrust according to commands from the Auto Flight Application
(AFA) of the CPIOMs. The commands are based on the selected
mode and flight parameters.
A/T ENGAGEMENT
The A/T is armed on the ground by pressing the A/T pushbutton on
the FCP and is engaged by action on either TOGA button after both
throttle levers are set manually above 50% of NTO.
A/T control is deactivated temporarily starting from a speed of 80
knots (148 km/h) and up to an altitude of 500 feet (152.4 m). The
maintenance mode alarm starts from an altitude of 1500 feet
(457.2m) to notify the crew to activate climb mode (CLB).
The A/T is armed in flight by pressing the A/T pushbutton on the

FCP.
A/T DISENGAGEMENT
A/T function is disengaged as follows:
► by pressing either of the two A/T disconnect buttons located on
the throttle levers
► by pressing the illuminated A/T pushbutton on the FCP (except
during LAND track phase)
► by overriding action on both throttle levers
► under detected failure conditions

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AUTOTHROTTLE (A/T) OPERATION

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AUTOFLIGHT
AUTOTHROTTLE (A/T) ALPHA FLOOR MODE

The A/T system operates the A/T actuators which position the throttle The alpha floor protection mode is designed to protect against
levers according to the control signals from the AFCS. The throttle approaching or entering a stall condition as a result of an excessive
position - the thrust command - is sent to the Digital Engine Control Angle Of Attack (AOA) or low air speed.
Unit (DECU) of the FADEC system. The DECU controls the engine
systems to meet the required thrust demand. When one of the AOA sensors detects an excessive angle of attack
or a low speed condition, the flight control system sends a signal to
the CPIOM/AFA to command the A/T to increase engine power to
NTO. The Alpha floor ‘range’ is outside the normal range of the
The A/T mode commanded depends on the autopilot operational modes and can be reached only by manual
AP/FD mode selected.
control of the aircraft. Under normal conditions, ALPHA Proct (AOA)
AP / FD MODE A/T MODE will be active prior to ALPHA Floor.
V/S, FPA, ALT, ALT ACG SPEED/MACH Alpha Floor mode is activated automatically when the A/T system
DES, CLB THRUST
receives the associated signal from the flight control system even if
the A/T is not engaged. If switched off, the A/T system will be
APPR - FINAL SPEED activated automatically.
- GS SPEED
- LAND RETARD Alpha Floor mode is disengaged at one of following conditions:
TO, GA THRUST ► decrease in angle of attack to safe level
► both throttles reduced from TO

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THROTTLE QUADRANT
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AUTO FLIGHT
AFCS - CONTROL & INDICATING
FLIGHT GUIDANCE CONTROL PANEL (FCP)

The FCP is installed in the glareshield. The FCP incorporates the
following controls for AP/FD and A/T functions:
► AP engagement
► A/T arming
► heading/track selection
► heading/track reference selection
► vertical speed / flight path angle selection
► vertical speed / flight path angle reference selection
► speed/Mach selection
► speed/Mach reference selection
► additional altitude meters indication selection
► altitude reference selection
► mode selection (except for TO and GA modes)
The various controls are shaped to be distinguishable by touch.
SIDE STICK UNITS (SSUs)

The left and right Side Stick Units (SSUs) are used to control the
aircraft in manual flight mode. When the AP is selected and the SSU
is in the neutral (centered) position, the SSU is locked. This provides
feedback to the pilots that AP is engaged. Movement from this locked
position will cause the AP to disconnect.
The SSU is also equipped with an AP disconnect switch.

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AUTOFLIGHT CONTROLS
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AUTO FLIGHT
MULTIPURPOSE CONTROL and DISPLAY UNIT (MCDU)

The left and right MCDUs are located on the center pedestal. They
are the flight crew interface for the Flight Management System (FMS)
and are used to program the flight plan.

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FMS - MCDU
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AUTO FLIGHT
PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) - NORMAL DISPLAY

The Primary Flight Display (PFD) displays all of the pertinent flight
parameters on a segmented page:
► AP / FD / A/T modes
► Speed
► Vertical speed
► Angle of attack
► Attitude / Guidance data (artificial horizon)
► Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)

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FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODE / ILS APPROACH DISPLAY AREAS
PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)

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AUTO FLIGHT
PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) - FAILURE FLAGS

The figure below shows all of the possible failure flags which may be
displayed on the PFD.

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PFD FLAGS (FAULTS)

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AUTO FLIGHT
NAVIGATION DISPLAY (ND)

The Navigation Display (ND) displays all of the pertinent navigation
data and gives a visual representation of the flight plan.

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FLIGHT
PLAN
ROSE Mode ARC Mode
NAVIGATION DISPLAY (ND)

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SJI TRAINING CENTER

SJ100 - GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION ATA 22 AUTOFLIGHT

THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE USED FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD THIS DOCUMENT BE USED AS A REFERENCE

IT WILL NOT BE UPDATED

SJ100 - GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION ATA 22 AUTOFLIGHT

REVISION 2.0 (Jan 2011)