UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES

VOCABULARY
1. be driven to the verge of…  :bị đẩy đến bờ của…..
2. biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ (n): nhà sinh vật học
3. deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ (n): sự phá rừng
4. derive (from) /di'raiv/  (v): bắt nguồn từ
5. enact /ɪˈnækt/  (v): ban hành (đạo luật)
6. gorilla /ɡəˈrɪlə/ (n): con khỉ đột
7. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n):môi trường sống,chỗ ở (người)
8. leopard /'lepəd/ (n): con báo
9. parrot /ˈpærət/ (n): con vẹt
10. reserve /ri'zə:v/  (n): khu bảo tồn, (v): dự trữ
11. rhinoceros /rai'nɔsərəs/ (n): con tê giác
12. sociable /ˈsəʊʃəbl/  (a): dễ gần gũi, hoà đồng
13. urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n): sự đô thị hoá
14. vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ (a): dẽ bị tổn thương
15. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ (n): động vật hoang dã
16. worm /wə:m/  (n): sâu, trùng
17. endanger /in'deindʒə(r)/ (v):gây nguy hiểm
18. danger /deindʒə/ (n):mối đe doạ, sự nguy hiểm
19. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): duyệt chủng
20. globe /ɡləʊb/ (n): quả cầu
21. damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/(v) (v): gây tổn hại,(n): sự thiệt hại
22. contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/(v) (v): làm bẩn, làm nhiễm (bệnh)
23. fertile /'fə:tail/  (a): màu mỡ
24. awareness /əˈweənəs/ (a): nhận thức về ai/cái gì
25. conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ (n): sự bảo tồn
26. survive /sə'vaiv/  (v): sống sót; còn lại
27. develop /dɪˈveləp/ (v): phát triển
28. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ (a): cần thiết,chủ yếu, (n): yếu tố cần thiết
29. project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ (n): dự án, kế hoạch
30. fashionable /ˈfæʃnəbl/ (a): lịch sự, sang trọng
31. livelihood 'laivlihud/ (n): cách kiếm sống
32. numerous /ˈnjuːmərəs/ (a): đông đảo
33. poach /pout∫/ (v): săn trộm, xâm phạm

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a
close meaning to the original one.
1. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their
environment.
a. Biology b. Biological c. Biologist d. Biologically
2. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
3. Probability of extinction depends _______ both the population size and fine details of the population demography.
a. on b. in c. from d. for
4. Many modern medicines are derived _______ plants and animals.
a. on b. for c. from d. in
5. 15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ____ risk ____ extinction.
a. at / of b. on / in c. for / with d. in / at
6. Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more desirable for
collectors and poachers.
a. awareness b. preservation c. support d. impact
7. World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to do the mission of the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of
natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
a. contamination b. energy c. extinction d. development
8. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
a. reserve b. generation c. natural environment d. diversity
9. It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely populated, such as much
of Asia and Africa.
a. disappeared b. increased c. threatened d. reduced
10. _______ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment. .
a. Biodiversity b. Conservation c. Globe d. Individual
11. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
12. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _______ and degradation are the
leading threats.
a. destroy b. destructive c. destructor d. destruction
13. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species _______ extinction.
a. from b. in c. for d. on
14. Clearing forests for timber has resulted _______ the loss of biodiversity.
a. with b. at c. in d. for
15. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
a. destruction b. contamination c. fertilizer d. variety
16. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _______.
a. prosperous b. prefect c. vulnerable d. remained
17. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
a. vanishing b. damaging c. polluting d. destroying
18. _______ is the protection of environment and natural resources.
a. Survival b. Commerce c. Conservation d. Extinction
19. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
a. organization b. contamination c. protection d. damage
20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _______ of extinction.
a. wall b. fence c. verge d. bridge
21. Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _______.
a. fertile b. fertility c. fertilizers d. fertilizable
22. Chemical wastes from factories are _______ that cause serious damage to species habitats.
a. pollutes b. pollutants c. pollutions d. polluters
23. Although we are aware _______ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it.
a. from b. on c. for d. of
24. They have built a particular reserve' which is suitable _______ pandas.
a. at b. upon c. in d. for
25. Everyone knows what is happening to _______ earth but we just do not know how to stop it.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
26. Many species have become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
a. destroy b. drain c. endanger d. discover
27. If an area is _______, all the trees there are cut down or destroyed.
a. endangered b. deforested c. contaminated d. polluted
28. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
a. raise b. produce c. supply d. reserve
29. All the countries of the area have _______ to protect their wildlife but they are rarely enforced.
a. efforts b. laws c. results d. reserves
30. Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of conservation needs.
a. effort b. benefit c. exploitation d. knowledge
LISTENING
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
31. a. endangered b. destroyed c. damaged d. provided
32. a. attitude b. survive c. introduce d. human
33. a. medicine b. priority c. crisis d. primary
34. a. chemical b. which c. change d. each
35. a. protect b. commercial c. construction d. climate
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
36. a. temperature b. serious c. awareness d. chemical
37. a. ability b. agriculture c. development d. contaminate
38. a. government b. agency c. benefit d. diversity
39. a. disappearance b. vulnerable c. conservation d. generation
40. a. current b. global c. crisis d. mankind
41. a. extinction b. animal c. classify d. primary
42. a. biologist b. seriously c. commercial d. identify
43. a. habitat b. different c. industry d. introduce
44. a. medicine b. endanger c. addition d. survival
45. a. derive b. provide c. modern d. depend
SPEAKING
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. Two friends
Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of endangered species.
46. Nam: Would you like to join my wildlife protection team? Lan: ____
A. Yes, I like working for this organization very much. B. Thank you. I've always wanted to do something to help.
C. Where is it located? D. There are so many wildlife protection teams.
47. Lan: Can we meet this Sunday to discuss our plan for the wildlife protection project? Nam: ____
A. Yes, we did that. B. Sunday is the weekend.
C. Sunday suits me fine. D. Sunday is a great day.
48. Nam: What do you think about killing animals like dogs and cats for food? Lan: ____
A. It is really cruel. B. I prefer dogs to cats. C. Both of them are pets. D. Dogs are really faithful.
49. Lan: Do you think I should accept an offer to do voluntary work in the zoo? Nam: ____
A. Why did they offer you the job? B. Zoos have a lot of animals.
C. Voluntary work is meaningful. D. I definitely think you should say yes.
50. Nam: I'd like to hear your ideas on how to protect vulnerable species. Lan: ____
A. I'd say people's awareness is very important. B. You're always asking me for advice.
C. I like your ideas so much. D. These animals are vulnerable.
51. 86. Nam: I'm planning to raise a couple of rabbits at home. Lan: ____
A. Rabbits are very fast. B. I've never seen rabbits before.
C. I've decided to raise a cat. D. That's a good idea.
52. Nam: Do you want me to give you a lift home? Lan: ____
A. A lift? No, I'm afraid of height. B. Thank you. It's very kind of you!
C. I live in a flat on the eighth floor. D. My house doesn't have a lift.
53. Nam: If you like, I can check the deadline for our assignment. Lan: ____
A. I don't really like this assignment. B. Assignments are just a waste of time.
C. Thanks, but that won't be necessary. D. I am scared of deadlines.
54. Nam: Would you mind if sometimes I called at around 10 pm to discuss our assignment? Lan: ____
A. No, of course not. C. I mind a lot. D. I like discussions. B. Yes, of course I would.
55. Nam: Could you find all the information related to Komodo dragons? Lan: ____
A. Komodo dragons are also vulnerable. B. Are they still living?
C. I've never heard of them. What do they look like? D. I think that'll be very difficult.
56. Lan: Do you enjoy visiting zoos? Nam: ____
A. Zoos are places where animals are kept. B. I've visited that zoo twice.
C. Yeah, that's really fun. D. I like funny animals.
57. Lan: Have you ever visited a botanical garden or a nature park? Nam: ____
A. There is a botanical garden in the area. B. Yes, only once when I was 12.
C. There are a lot of trees and flowers in the botanical garden.
D. Nature parks are expensive to maintain.
58. Lan: Are you concerned about animals becoming extinct? Nam: ____
A. I'm really worried. Our biodiversity will be broken. B. When will they become extinct?
C. Which animals are endangered? D. I love keeping animals as pets.
59. Nam: What animals in our country are endangered? Lan: ____
A. Are they endangered animals? B. Endangered animals are dangerous.
C. Endangered animals should be protected. D. Tigers and elephants are nearly extinct.
60. Lan: How can we protect endangered species? Nam: ____
A. It is out of the question. B. Both the governments and individuals need to help them.
C. Poachers don't care about endangered animals. D. All endangered animals are extinct.
WRITING
61. Every student is required to write an essay on the topic.
A. Every student might write an essay on the topic. B. Every student must write an essay on the topic.
 C. Every student should write an essay on the topic. D. They require every student write an essay on the topic.
62. Even though it was raining heavily, the explorers decided to continue their journey.
      A. It rained so heavily that the explorers could not continue their journey.
      B. The explorers put off their journey due to the heavy rain.
      C. The heavy rain could not prevent the explorers from continuing their journey.
      D. If it had rained heavily, the explorers would not have continued their journey.
63. Even though the team played well, they lost.
      A. The team lost because they played well. B. The team played well, so they lost.
      C. Despite the fact that the team played well, they lost. D. In spite of playing well, the team won.
64. Although he was able to do the job, he wasn’t given the position.
      A. The position wasn’t given to him in spite of his ability to do the job.
      B. He was given neither the job nor the position.
      C. Because he couldn’t do the job, he wasn’t given the position.
      D. He got the position despite being unable to do the job.
65. I had never seen her before. However, I recognized her from a photograph.
      A. I recognized her from a photograph before I had never seen her.
      B. Although I had never seen her before but I recognized her from a photograph.
      C. After I had seen her, I recognized her from a photograph.
      D. Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.
66. In spite of all our efforts, we failed in the final match.
      A. Although we tried very hard, we failed in the final match.
      B. We made all our efforts so that we could again success in the final match.
      C. Whatever efforts we had made, we weren’t able to win in the final match.
      D. We failed in the final match as a result of all our great efforts.
67. Some events were cancelled. Thousands of people attended the festival.
      A. No matter how many people attended the festival, some events were cancelled
      B. In spite some cancelled events, thousands of people attended the festival.
      C. As some events were cancelled, thousands of people attended the festival.
      D. Despite the cancellation of some events, thousands of people attended the festival.
68. The weather was very hot. They continued playing football.
      A. Although the hot weather, they continued playing football.
      B. In spite of the hot weather, they continued playing football.
      C. In spite of the weather was hot, they continued playing football.
      D. Despite the weather was hot, they continued playing football.
69. Most scientists know him well. However, very few ordinary people have heard of him.
      A. He is the only scientist that is not known to the general public.
      B. Not only scientists but also the general public know him as a big name.
      C. Although he is well known to scientists, he is little known to the general public.
      D. Many ordinary people know him better than most scientists do.
70. The fire-fighters made every effort to put off the flames. The building burned down completely.
      A. The building burned down completely though the fire-fighters made every effort to put off the flames.
      B. Had it not been for the fire-fighters’ every effort, the building would have burned down completely.
      C. Making every effort to put off the flames, the fire-fighters completely burned down the building.
      D. Since the fire-fighters made every effort to put off the flames, the building burned down completely.
71. I strongly disapproved of your behavior. However, I will help you this time.
      A. Despite of my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time.
      B. Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time.
      C. Because of your behavior, I will help you this time.
      D. Although I strongly disapproved of your behavior, but I will help you this time.
72. The villagers refuse to leave. Their food supply is threatened.
      A. The villagers refuse to leave, so their food supply is threatened.
      B. The villagers refuse to leave although their food supply is threatened.
      C. The villagers refuse to leave despite their threatened food supply.
      D. The villagers refuse to leave because their food supply is threatened.
73. The new restaurant looks good. However, it seems to have few costumers.
      A. In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business.
      B. The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better.
      C. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance.
      D. If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better.
74. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking.
      A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking       B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking
      C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking       D. However we felt cold, we kept walking
75. He is very rich, but he isn’t very happy.
      A. Although he is very rich, but he isn’t very happy.       B. Although he is very rich, he isn’t very happy.
      C. Although he isn’t very rich, but he is very happy.       D. Because he is very rich, but he isn’t very happy.
LANGUAGE FORCUS
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence
76. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now.
a. needn't b. must c. has to d. should
77. He is unreliable. What he says _______ be believed.
a. cannot b. must not c. may not d. might not
78. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me.
a. should / can't b. have to / must c. can / needn't d. might / mustn't
79. When you have a small child in the house, you _______ leave small objects lying around. Such objects _______ be
swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
a. should / must b. should not / might c. needn't / may d. mustn't / can't
80. Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He _______ it here last night.
a. must have left b. should have left c. must be leaving d. needn't leave
81. Jenny's engagement ring was precious! It _______ have cost a fortune.
a. must b. should c. can d. needn't
82. You _______ take your umbrella along with you today. It _______ rain later on this afternoon.
a. ought to / mustn't b. needn't / will c. will / must d. should / might
83. I _______ be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably _______ take a taxi if I want to be on time.
a. must/ have to b. may / must c. should / needn't d. mustn't / shouldn't
84. You _______ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
a. needn't b. mustn't c. do not have to d. may not
85. I am not deaf. You _______ shout.
a. must b. mustn't c. need d. needn’t
86. John failed again. He _______ harder.
a. must have tried b. should have tried c. can tried d. may have tried
87. _______ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem. Actually, you _______ keep it if you want to.
a. May / can b. Must / might c. Will / should d. Might / needn’t
88. I do not mind at all. You _______ apologize.
a. shouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. oughtn't to
89. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He _______ exhausted after such a long flight now.
a. must be b. must be being c. must have been d. should have been
90. The lamp _______ be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.
a. should not b. might not c. must not d. will not
91. It is a top secret. You _______ tell anyone about it.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. mightn't d. won't
92. We have plenty of time for doing the work. We _______ be hurried.
a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. mayn't
93. _______ I have a day off tomorrow? - Of course not. We have a lot of things to do.
a. Must b. Will c. May d. Need
94. The computer _______ reprogramming. There is something wrong with the software.
a. must b. need c. should d. may
95. _______ I be here by 6 o'clock? - No, you _______.
a. Shall/mightn't b. Must / needn't c. Will / mayn't d. Might / won't
96. Jane often wears beautiful new clothes. She _______ be very rich.
a. must b. could c. might d. needn’t
97. You _______ touch that switch, whatever you do.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. won't d. wouldn't
98. Susan ___ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
a. mustn't b. couldn't c. can't d. needn't
99. You _______ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.
a. needn't b. couldn't c. mayn't d. mustn't
100. - Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport this morning.
- She _______ there waiting for us
a. needn't sit b. might still sit c. must still be sitting d. should have sat