Review Exercise – 1

Review Exercise
1. Do not use your Calculator for this question.
1
a) Write down the value of 8 3 . [1]
−2
b) Find the value of 8 3 [2]

2. Do not use your Calculator for this question.

4
a) Find the value of 125 5 [2]
4
b) Simplify 24 x 2 ÷ 18 x 3 [2]

3. Do not use your Calculator for this question.

a) Express √ 80 in the form a √ 5, where a is an integer. [2]
b) Express ( 4− √ 5 )2 in the form b+ c √ 5 , where b and c are integers. [2]

4. Do not use your Calculator for this question.

a) Expand and simplify ( 4+ √ 3 ) ( 4− √ 3 ). [2]
26
b) Express in the form a+ b √ 3 , where a and b are integers. [3]
4+ √ 3

5. Here are three numbers: 1− √ k , 2+5 √ k and 2 √ k

Given that k is a positive integer, find:
a) the mean of the three numbers [2]
b) the range of the three numbers. [1]
 1 4
6. Given that y= x , express each of the following in the form k x n ,
25
where k and n are constants.
a) y−1 [1]
1 1 4
Solution: y = x
25

x4
⤇ y 1=
25
1 25
⤇ = [ reciprocal]
y1 x4
⤇ y−1=25 x−4 [Answer]

1
b) 5 y 2 [1]

1 4
Solution: y= x ,
25

7. Do not use your Calculator for this question.

Find the area of this trapezium in cm2.
Give your answer in the form a+ b √ 2,
where a and b are integers to be found. [4]
8. Do not use your Calculator for this question.
p+q
Given that p=3−2 √ 2 and q=2− √2 , find the value of .
p−q

Give your answer in the form m+n √ 2,

where m and n are rational numbers to be found. [4]

9. a) Factorise the expression x 2−10 x+16 . [1]

 b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 82 y −10 ( 8 y ) +16=0. [2]

10. x 2−8 x−29 ≡ ( x +a )2 +b , where a and b are constants.

a) Find the value of a and the value of b . [2]

b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the roots of x 2−8 x−29=0 are c ± d √ 5 ,
where c and d are integers. [3]

Solution:a ¿ x 2−8 x−29 [here a=1, b=−8, c=−29

8 2 8 2
( ) ()
= x−
2
−
2
−29

B 2 B 2
2
[Formula: x −Bx= x− ( 2) ()
−
2
]

=( x−4 )2−( 4 )2 −29

=( x−4 )2−45
≡ ( x +a )2+ b

Where a=−4 and b=−44 [answer]

b) x 2−8 x−29=0
⤇( x−4 )2−45=0 [ from answer a)]
⤇( x−4 )2=45
❑
⤇( x−4 ) =± √ 44 , [using square root]
⤇ x❑ =4 ± √ 45 ,
⤇ x❑ =4 ±3 √ 5
= c ± d √5
Where c=4, d=3 [answer]
============================
Chapter 2: quadratic function Formulae
1. Quadratic equation form y=ax 2+bx + c where a, b, c are constants & a ≠ 0.
2. Quadratic equations can be solved by:
a)Factorization
i) Factorization by Taking common
ii) Factorization by Using middle term break
iii) Factorization by Using factorization formulae:
a2–b2=(a+b)(a–b)
a3–b3=(a–b)(a2+ab+b2)
a3+b3=(a+b)(a2–ab+b2)

b) completing the square:

B 2 B 2
2
( 2) (2 )
i) x + Bx= x+ −
2 2
B B
ii ¿ x −Bx=( x− ) −( )
2
2 2
2 ❑
b b 2−4 ac
iii) a x + bx+ c =a ( x+ ) −(
4a )
2
2a
2 2 2 2
B B B B B
iv) x + Bx=x +2. x . 2 + ( 2 ) −( 2 ) =( x + 2 ) −( 2 )
2 2

2 2 2 2
B B B B B
v) x −Bx=x −2. x . + ( ) −( ) =( x− ) −( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2

c) Using the formula : If ax 2 +bx +c=0

−b ±( 42−4 ac )
Then, x=
2a
============================================================
11. The functions f and g are defined as f ( x )=x ( x−2) and g ( x )=x+ 5 , x ∈ R. Given that
f ( a )=g ( a ) and a> 0 , find the value of a to three significant figures. [3]

Ans.: 4.19 (3 s.f.)

12. a) Given that f ( x )=x 2−6 x +18 , x ≥ 0 , express f ( x ) in the form ( x−a )2+b , where a and b
are integers. [2]
The curve C with equation y=f ( x ) , x ≥ 0 ,meets the y -axis at P and has a minimum
point at Q .
b)Sketch the graph of C , showing the coordinates of P and Q . [3]
c) Find the x -coordinate of R, giving your answer in the form p+q √ 2 , where p and q
are integers. [2]
Ans.: a) ( x−3 )2 +9 b) P is ( 0 , 18 ) , Q is ( 3 , 9 ) c) x=3+ 4 √ 2

13. The function h ( x )=x 2+ 2 √2 x+ k has equal roots.

a) Find the value of k . [1]
b)Sketch the graph of y=h ( x ) ,clearly labelling any intersections with the coordinate
axes. [3]
Ans.: a) k =2 b)

Solution: a) h ( x )=x 2+ 2 √2 x+ k
Here, a=1, b=2 √2 and c=k
for equal roots b 2−4 ac=0

⤇(2 √ 2)2−4 ×1 × k=0

⤇8−4 k=0
⤇−4 k =−8
⤇4 k =8
⤇k =2
b) h ( x )=x 2+ 2 √2 x+ k
let, y=x 2 +2 √ 2 x +2

when, x=0, y=2,

y=o
0=x 2+2 √ 2 x +2

⤇ x 2+ 2 √ 2 x+2=0
Formula:
F4: Properties of Quadric Equation:
In quadratic equation b 2−4 ac=discriminat /determinat , because it tells the
properties of quadratic equation
1. If b 2−4 ac> 0, the roots [x value or solution] are real and distinct
(different/unequal/ two roots) in this case, the curve intersects
the x−axis at two points. [two roots]

2. If b 2−4 ac< 0 , the roots [x value or solution] are unreal or imaginary

or complex or no real roots. In this case, the curve never touches the
x−axis . [no roots]

3. If b 2−4 ac=0 , the roots [x value or solution] are real and equal root or
coincident or one root. In this case, the curve touches the x−axis at one
point only. [ one root]
14. The function g ( x ) in defined as g ( x )=x 9−7 x 6−8 x 3 , x ∈ R
a) Write g ( x ) in the form x 3 ( x 3 +a )( x 3 +b ) ,where a and b are integers. [1]
b)Hence find the three roots of g ( x ). [1]
Ans.: a) x 3 ( x 3−8 ) ( x 3+1 ) b) −1 , 0 ,2

Solution: a) g ( x )=x 9−7 x 6−8 x 3

¿ x 3 ( x 6−7 x 3−8)

¿ x 3 ( x 6−8 x 3+ x 3 −8)

¿ x 3 ¿]

¿ x 3 ( x3 −8)(x 3+1)

= x 3 ( x 3 +a )( x 3 +b ), where a=−8 and b=1

a) g ( x )=0
⤇ x 9−7 x 6−8 x 3=0
⤇ x 3 ( x 3−8 ) ( x 3+1 ) =¿0 [ from answer (a)]

So, x 3=¿0 , ( x 3−8 )=¿0 and ( x 3 +1 )=¿ 0

So, x=0, 2 and −1 [
15. Given that, x 2+ 10 x +36 ≡ ( x +a )2+ b , where a and b are constants.
a) find the value of a and the value of b . [2]
b) Hence show that the equation x 2+ 10 x +36=0 has no real roots. [2]
The equation x 2+ 10 x +k =0 has equal roots.
c) Find the value of k [2]
d)For this value of k , sketch the graph of y ≡ x 2+ 10 x +k , showing the coordinates of
any points at which the graph meets the coordinate axes. [3]
Ans.: a) a=5 , b=11 b) ( x +5 )2=−11, so no real roots

c) k =25 d)

Solution: a) x 2+ 10 x +36 ≡ ( x +a )2+ b [ given]

B 2 B 2
2
[Formula: x + Bx= x+ ( ) ( )
2
−
2
]

x 2+ 10 x +36

10 2 10 2
(
= x+
2 ) ( )
−
2
+36

b) x 2+ 10 x +36=0 has no real roots.

Here a=1, b=10, c=36
For no real roots,
b 2−4 ac< 0

c) x 2+ 10 x +k =0 has equal roots

Here a=1, b=10, c=k

b 2−4 ac=0
16. Given that x 2+ 2 x +3 ≡ ( x +a )2 +b ,
a) find the value of the constants a and b . [2]
b)Sketch the graph of y=x 2 +2 x+3 , indicating clearly the coordinates of any
intersections with the coordinate axes. [3]
c) Find the value of the discriminant of x 2+ 2 x +3. Explain how the sign of the
discriminant relates to your sketch in part b. [2]
The equation x 2+ kx +3=0, where k is a constant, has no real roots.
d)Find the set of possible values of k , giving your answer in surd form. [2]
Ans.: a) a=1 ,b=2 b)

c) discriminant ¿−8 , so no real roots d) −2 √3< k <2 √ 3

Solution:

hw17. a) By eliminating y from the equations:

y=x −4
2 x2 −xy=8

Show that
x 2+ 4 x−8=0 [2]
b)Hence, or otherwise, solve the simultaneous equations:
y=x −4
2 x2 −xy=8 [2]
Giving your answers in the form a ± b √ 3 , where a and b are integers. [4]
Ans.: a) Substitute y=x −4 into 2 x2 −xy=8 and rearrange
b) x=−2 ± 2 √ 3 , y=−6 ± 2 √3
18. Find the set of values of x for which:
a) 3 ( 2 x +1 ) >5−2 x [2]
b) 2 x2 −7 x+3> 0 [3]
c) both 3 ( 2 x +1 ) >5−2 x and 2 x2 −7 x+3> 0 [1]
1 1 1 1
Ans.: a) x > b) x < or x >3 c) < x < or x >3
4 2 4 2

11. The functions f and g are defined as f ( x )=x ( x−2) and g ( x )=x+ 5 , x ∈ R. Given that
f ( a )=g ( a ) and a> 0 , find the value of a to three significant figures. [3]

Ans.: 4.19 (3 s.f.)

12. a) Given that f ( x )=x 2−6 x +18 , x ≥ 0 , express f ( x ) in the form ( x−a )2+ b , where a and b
are integers. [2]
The curve C with equation y=f ( x ) , x ≥ 0 ,meets the y -axis at P and has a minimum
point at Q .
b)Sketch the graph of C , showing the coordinates of P and Q . [3]
c) Find the x -coordinate of R, giving your answer in the form p+q √ 2 , where p and q
are integers. [2]
Ans.: a) ( x−3 )2 +9 b) P is ( 0 , 18 ) , Q is ( 3 , 9 ) c) x=3+ 4 √ 2

13. The function h ( x )=x 2+ 2 √2 x+ k has equal roots.

a) Find the value of k . [1]
b)Sketch the graph of y=h ( x ) ,clearly labelling any intersections with the coordinate
axes. [3]
Ans.: a) k =2 b)

14. The function g ( x ) in defined as g ( x )=x 9−7 x 6−8 x 3 , x ∈ R

a) Write g ( x ) in the form x 3 ( x 3 +a )( x 3 +b ) ,where a and b are integers. [1]
b)Hence find the three roots of g ( x ). [1]
Ans.: a) x 3 ( x 3−8 ) ( x 3+1 ) b) −1 , 0 ,2

15. Given that, x 2+ 10 x +36 ≡ ( x +a )2+ b , where a and b are constants.

 a) find the value of a and the value of b . [2]
b) Hence show that the equation x 2+ 10 x +36=0 has no real roots. [2]
The equation x 2+ 10 x +k =0 has equal roots.
c) Find the value of k [2]
d)For this value of k , sketch the graph of y ≡ x 2+ 10 x +k , showing the coordinates of
any points at which the graph meets the coordinate axes. [3]
Ans.: a) a=5 , b=11 b) ( x +5 )2=−11, so no real roots

c) k =25 d)

16. Given that x 2+ 2 x +3 ≡ ( x +a )2 +b ,

a) find the value of the constants a and b . [2]
b)Sketch the graph of y=x 2 +2 x+3 , indicating clearly the coordinates of any
intersections with the coordinate axes. [3]
c) Find the value of the discriminant of x 2+ 2 x +3. Explain how the sign of the
discriminant relates to your sketch in part b. [2]
The equation x 2+ kx +3=0, where k is a constant, has no real roots.
d)Find the set of possible values of k , giving your answer in surd form. [2]
Ans.: a) a=1 ,b=2 b)

c) discriminant ¿−8 , so no real roots d) −2 √3< k <2 √ 3

Formula:
F4: Properties of Quadric Equation:
In quadratic equation b 2−4 ac=discriminat /determinat , because it tells the
properties of quadratic equation
1. If b 2−4 ac> 0, the roots [x value or solution] are real and distinct
(different/unequal/ two roots) in this case, the curve intersects
the x−axis at two points. [two roots]

2. If b 2−4 ac< 0 , the roots [x value or solution] are unreal or imaginary

or complex or no real roots or no roots. In this case, the curve never
touches the x−axis . [no roots]

3. If b 2−4 ac=0 , the roots [x value or solution] are real and equal root or
coincident or one root. In this case, the curve touches the x−axis at one
point only. [ one root]
17. a) By eliminating y from the equations:
y=x −4
2 x2 −xy=8

Show that
x 2+ 4 x−8=0 [2]
b)Hence, or otherwise, solve the simultaneous equations:
y=x −4
2 x2 −xy=8 [2]
Giving your answers in the form a ± b √ 3 , where a and b are integers. [4]
Ans.: a) Substitute y=x −4 into 2 x2 −xy=8 and rearrange
b) x=−2 ± 2 √ 3 , y=−6 ± 2 √3

18. Find the set of values of x for which:

a) 3 ( 2 x +1 ) >5−2 x [2]
b) 2 x2 −7 x+3> 0 [3]
c) both 3 ( 2 x +1 ) >5−2 x and 2 x2 −7 x+3> 0 [1]
1 1 1 1
Ans.: a) x > b) x < or x >3 c) < x < or x >3
4 2 4 2

19. The functions p and q are defined as p ( x ) =−2(x +1) and q ( x )=x 2−5 x +2,
x ∈ R. Show algebraically that there is no value of x for which p ( x ) =q ( x ). [3]

Ans.: −2 ( x+1 ) =x 2−5 x +2

x 2−3 x+ 4=0
The discriminant of this is −7< 0 , so no real solutions.
Solution: for p ( x ) =q ( x )
⤇−2 ( x+1 ) =x 2−5 x +2 [ using given value]

⤇−2 x−2=x 2−5 x +2

⤇ x 2−5 x+ 2=−2 x−2 [ side changing vice versa]
⤇ x 2−3 x+ 4=0
Here a=1, b=−3 anc c=4
b 2−4 ac

=(−3)2−4 ×1 × 4
=−7< 0
The discriminant=−7< 0 , so no real solutions.

20. a) Solve the simultaneous equations:

y +2 x=5

2 x2 −3 x − y=16 [5]
b)Hence, or otherwise,
find the set of value of x for which: 2 x2 −3 x −16>5−2 x [2]
7 1
Ans.: a) x= , y =−2; x=−3 , y =11 b) x ←3 or x >3
2 2
hw21. The equation x 2+ kx + ( k +3 ) =0 , where k is a constant, has different real roots.
a) Show that k 2−4 k−12>0 . [2]
b)Find the set of possible value of k . [2]
Ans.: a) Different real roots, discriminant > 0 so k 2−4 k−12>0
b) k ←2 or k > 6

6
hw22. Find the set of values for which <2 , x ≠−5 . [6]
x+5

Ans.: x ←5 or x >−2

23. The functions f and g are defined as f ( x )=9−x 2 and g ( x )=14−6 x , x ∈ R.

a) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y=f ( x ) and y=g ( x ). Indicate clearly
the coordinates of any pints where the graphs intersect with each other or the
coordinate axes. [5]
Solution: f ( x )=9−x 2
⤇ let, y¿ 9−x 2……(i)
When , x=0, y=9
(x,y)=(0,9)
Again when y=0,
0=9−x 2
⤇ x 2=9
⤇ x =± 3
So (x,y)=(3,0) and (−3,0)
……………………………
Again, g ( x )=14−6 x………(ii)
⤇ let, y¿ 14−6 x
When , x=0, y=14
(x,y)=(0,14)
Again when y=0,
0=14−6 x
⤇6 x =14
7
⤇ x=
3
7
(x,y)=( ,0)
3

Intersecting point
(5, 0) and (1,0)

b)On your sketch, shade the region that satisfies the inequalities y >0 and
f ( x ) > g ( x ). [1]

Ans.: a, b
24. a) Factorise completely x 3−4 x. [1]
b)Sketch the curve with equation y=x 3−4 x , showing the coordinates of the points
where the curve crosses the x -axis. [2]
c) On a separate diagram, sketch the curve with equation y= ( x −1 )3 −4 ( x −1 )
Showing the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the x -axis. [2]
Ans.: a) x ( x−2 )( x +2 )
b) c)

Solution:

a) x 3−4 x

= x ( x ¿¿ 2−4 )¿

= x ( x ¿ ¿ 2−22) ¿

= x ( x−2)(x+ 2) [answer]

c) Let y=x 3−4 x ,

X=0, y=0

And y=0, x=0,2,−2

================================================

C1-Chapter 4 Sketching the Curves Formulae or Rules

2. Transformations Method :
a) For x or domain the operation should be opposite
b) For y or codomain the operation should be same

Transformation1: For basic function y=f(x), domain =x and codomain=y.

And for transformed function y=f(x+a) , transformed domain =x–a and codomain=y

Example1: For basic function y=sinx, domain =x and codomain=y.

And for transformed function y=sin(x–300) , transformed domain =x+30 and codomain=y
Domain & codomain For y=sinx Domain & codomain for y=sin(x–30)
(x,y) (x+30,y)
(0,0) (0+30,0)= (30,0)
(90,1) (90+30,1)= (120,1)
(180,0) (180+30,0)= (210,0)
(270,–1) (270+30,–1)= (300,–1)
(360,0) (360+30,0)= (390,0)
between 0 to 3600 starting transformed
for transformed function y=sin(x–300)
domain= –30 and end domain=330
==============================================

25. The figure shows a sketch of the curve with equation

y=f ( x )
. The curve crosses the x -axis at the points (2, 0)

and (4, 0). The minimum point on the curve is P ( 3 ,−2 ).

In separate diagrams, sketch the curves with equation
a) y=−f ( x ) [2]
b) y=f ( 2 x ) [2]
On each diagram, give the coordinates of the points at which the curve crosses the x -
axis, and the coordinates of the image of P under the given transformation.
Ans.: a) b)
 1
( 2 , 0 ) ( 4 , 0 ) and ( 3 , 2 ) (
( 1 , 0 )( 2 , 0 ) and 1 ,−2
2 )
26. The figure shows a sketch of the curve with equation y=f ( x ). The curve passes
through the points (0, 3) and (4, 0) and touches the x -axis at the point ( 1 , 0 ).
On separate diagrams, sketch the curve with equations
a) y=f ( x+1 ) [2]
b) y=2 f ( x ) [2]

c) y=f ( 12 x ) [2]

On each diagram, show clearly the coordinates of all the points where the curve
meets the axes.
Ans.: a) ( 0 , 0 ) and ( 3 , 0 ) b) ( 1 , 0 )( 4 , 0 ) and ( 0 , 6 )

c) ( 2 , 0 ) ( 8 ,0 ) and ( 0 , 3 )

1
27. Given that f ( x )= , x ≠ 0
x

a) sketch the graph of y=f ( x )+3 and state the equations of the asymptotes [2]
b) find the coordinates of the point where y=f ( x )+3 crosses a coordinate axis. [2]

Ans.: a) Asymptotes: y=3 and x=0 b) ( −13 , 0)

28. The point ( 6 ,−8 ) lies on the graph of y=f ( x ). State the coordinates of the point to
which P is transformed on the graph with equation:
a) y=−f ( x ) [1]
b) y=f ( x−3 ) [1]
c) 2 y=f ( x ) [1]
Ans.: a) ( 6 , 8 ) b) ( 9 ,−8 ) c) ( 6 ,−4 )

−a
29. The curve C 1 has equation y= , where a is a positive constant.
x

The curve C 2 has equation y= ( x −b )2 , where b is a positive constant.

a) Sketch C 1 and C 2 on the same set of axes. Label any points where either curve
meets the coordinates in terms of a and b . [4]
b)Using your sketch, state the number of real solutions to the equation
x ( x−5 )2=−7. [1]

Ans.: a) b) 1
 1
30. a) Sketch the graph of y= −4
x2
showing clearly the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the coordinate
axes and stating the equations of the asymptotes. [4]
passes through the origin. Find the two possible values of k . [2]

CHALLENGE
1. a) Solve the equation x 2−10 x+ 9=0
b)Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 3 x−2 ( 3 x −10 ) =−1.
2. A rectangle has an area of 6cm2 and a perimeter of 8 √ 2 cm. Find the dimensions of
the rectangle, giving your answers as surds in their simplest form.
3. Show algebraically that the graph of y=3 x 3 + x 2−x and y=2 x ( x −1 )( x +1 ) have only one
point of intersection, and find the coordinates of this point.