ADJECTIVE

“Adjective is a word that is used to modify a Predicative: “If an adjective is used in

noun or pronoun” predicative part and not before a noun”
E.g. Sujata is an intelligent student. E.g. He is not well.
I watched a fantastic movie last night. You are fantastic.
Explanation: In the above sentences There are ten kinds of Adjectives
"intelligent" and "fantastic" are used as an 1. Proper Adjective
adjective to qualify “student” and “movie” 2. Adjective of Quality/descriptive
respectively. 3. Adjective of Quantity
Use of Adjectives 4. Adjective of Number
There are two places of adjectives in a 5. Demonstrative Adjective
sentence. 6. Distributive Adjective
a. Attributive 7. Possessive Adjective
b. Predicative 8. Interrogative Adjective
Attributive: “If an adjective is used before a 9. Emphatic Adjective
noun” 10. Participle Adjective
E.g. Mohan is a biased manager. 11. Exclamatory Adjective
There are red roses in the garden.

Proper Adjective:
“It is framed with Proper Noun”
Proper Noun Proper Adjective Proper Noun Proper Adjective
India Indian China Chinese
Switzerland Swiss Australia Australian
Africa African Nepal Nepalese
America American France French

E.g. Indian people are hard working. A lot of groundwater in Delhi and
They are not interested in American gold. N.C.R. is not potable.
Note: “Indian” and “American” are used as Adjective of Number:
Proper Adjectives. “It shows the number of a noun”
Adjective of quality: Key “how many”
“It shows colour, shape, origin, and size of a E.g. one, sixth, fifth, double, two, fifty-five,
noun” second, triple, seven, eleven, seventy, few,
E.g. I saw a strange man in the street. many, and some etc.
It is a beautiful morning. E.g. I have read many novels to improve my
Note: “strange” and “beautiful” are adjectives reading skills.
of quality. There are twenty chairs in the room.
Adjective of Quantity: There are two kinds of the adjective of number:
“It shows the quantity of a noun” a. Definite number
Key: “how Much” b. Indefinite number.
E.g. A good deal of, a great deal of, a large Definite number:
amount of, a large quantity of, some, lots It shows the certain number which is fixed. It is
of, a lot of and plenty of, etc. divided into two parts.
E.g. There is plenty of water on the moon. a. Ordinal number (first, second and
third……etc.)
b. Cardinal number (one, two, and Note: These adjectives are always followed by
three……etc.) a singular noun and singular verb.
Usages E.g. Each player has to start his practice by 7:30
1. We always use definite article "the" before am daily.
ordinal numbers. Neither poet has composed any interesting
E.g. India is the seventh-largest country in the piece of poetry.
world.
They were travelling in the last coach of Possessive Adjective:
this metro. E.g. My, our, your, his, her, its, and their.
2. If both “ordinal” and “cardinal” numbers Note: These adjectives are always followed by
are used in a sentence, we use “ordinal” a noun.
before “cardinal” E.g. They don’t like your sitting here.
E.g. The first two works of Shakespeare were A thief has stolen his diamond.
comedies.
The last three parts of this sequence are Interrogative Adjective:
not excellent. E.g. Whose, which and what etc. when they are
Indefinite number: used before a noun.
“It shows uncertain number” E.g. Which classroom is yours?
E.g. Some, few, all, certain, several, lots of, a lot What manner of man is he?
of and most, etc.
E.g. Some novels of the Romantic age are really Emphatic Adjective:
interesting. Very and own
I bought a few short stories. E.g. This is my own car.
I like this very colour.
Demonstrative Adjective: I saw it with my own eyes.
This, That, These, Those, Certain, a certain, such That is the very thing we want.
and such a, etc.
Note: We use the singular noun and singular Participle Adjective:
verb after "this" and "that". “If a verb qualifies a noun, is called a Participle
E.g. This novel was published in the summer Adjective”
last year. E.g. Children were happy to see a talking
Don’t be in such a hurry. parrot.
Certain students can prove themselves in I saw a bloomed flower in the garden.
the exams.
Note: We use plural nouns and plural verbs Exclamatory Adjective:
after "these" and "those". What genius!
E.g. Those students have applied for certain What folly!
competitive exams. What an idea!
What a piece of work is man!
Distributive Adjective:
E.g. Each, Every, Either and Neither.
 Degrees of comparison
Positive Comparative Superlative
Tall Taller Tallest
High Higher Highest
White Whiter Whitest
Wide Wider Widest
Sad Sadder Saddest
Red Redder Reddest
Easy Easier Easiest
Happy Happier Happiest
Gay Gayer Gayest
Gray Grayer Grayest
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Useful More useful Most useful
Good/ well Better best
Bad/ill/evil Worse Worst
Fore Former Foremost/first
Late Latter/ later Latest/last
Little Less/lesser Least
Much/many More Most
Old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
Nigh Nigher nighest/next
Fore Further Furthest
Positive degree:
As………..as (it is used in affirmative sentences)
So………..as (it is used in negative sentences)
E.g. Ram will be as intelligent as his friend.
Ravi won’t be so bad as Rakesh
E.g. No river in the world is as holy as the Ganga. (W)
No other river in the world is as holy as the Ganga. (R)
Explanation: “no + singular countable noun” shows the context of all. Ganga is a river so it should be
separated from all the rivers to diversify the objects. We should write “no other”
E.g. No metal in the world is as expensive as diamond (R)
Explanation: Here “diamond” is not a metal.
No other city in India is so polluted as Delhi (R) (Don’t say “no city”)

Comparative degree:
We always use “than” after comparative degrees.
E.g. Burj Khalifa is taller than any other building in the world.
This novel is more readable than any other novel in English literature.
Note: Comparison should be in the same objects.
E.g. The climate of Delhi is more polluted than J&K (W)
The climate of Delhi is more polluted than that of J&K (R)
The plans of Bharti Airtel are more economical than Reliance Jio. (W)
The plans of Bharti Airtel are more economical than those of Reliance Jio. (R)
Note: a. we use article“the” with comparatives if they are used in grading measures.
E.g. a. The higher you go the cooler it gets.
The more you study the more confusion you have.
b. If the term of the two is mentioned, we use article “the” before comparatives.
E.g. Marry is the wiser of the two poets.
Richard is the braver of the two warriors.

Superlative Degree:
We always use article “the” before superlative degrees.
E.g. This is the easiest question of this book.
After getting selection you will be the happiest person on the earth.
Rule: We always use “to” in place of “than” after the following adjectives.
Senior, junior, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, and preferable, etc.
E.g. My friend is senior than you (W)
My friend is senior to you (R)
Coffee is more preferable than tea in India (W)
Coffee is preferable to tea in India(R)
Note: we never use more before preferable, it is a comparative word.
Note: We never make comparative or superlative of the following adjectives.
Perfect, unique, brilliant, ideal, chief, singular, awesome, fantastic, whole, universal, fabulous, circular,
angular, blind, dumb, deaf, etc.
E.g. Mahatma Gandhi is the most ideal to everyone. (W)
Mahatma Gandhi is the ideal to everyone (R)
This church is a more perfect example of medieval architecture. (W)
This church is a perfect example of medieval architecture. (R)
Note: The following adjectives are used after the noun "attributively"
Afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake and worth.
E.g. I found a baby asleep
The horse was alone in the field. (Don’t say alone horse)
I have a novel worth reading.
Note: If two adjectives require different prepositions, appropriate prepositions should be used.
E.g. He is senior and more intelligent than your manager. (W)
He is senior to and more intelligent than your manager. (R)
Note: Use comparative degree with Half/ twice or thrice etc. use simile instead.
1. He is half wiser than you (incorrect)
He is half as wise as you (correct)
2. This box is twice heavier than that one (incorrect)
This box is twice as heavy as that one (Correct)
Note: The proper sequence of adjectives
[Size> shape > age >colour> quality > nationality > material + noun]
A. Classifying adjectives are used closer to a noun.
B. Noun modifiers are used the closest to the noun.
1. They had a wooden old big round table (W)
They had a big round old wooden table (R)
2. He is an old wise man (W)
He is a wise old man (R)
Note: Always use positive degree after as; so; too; very and enough.
1. It is too good (Don’t say Too better)
2. You are enough tall (Don’t say enough taller)

Use of Some Qualifiers

Little/ a little/ the little “used for uncountable nouns”
Little (not much/ hardly any)
A little (some)
The little (not much but all)
E.g. I have little money so I cannot buy books.
A little knowledge is dangerous.
He met me on the way and I gave him the little money that I had at that time.
Few/ a few/ the few “used for plural countable nouns”
Few (not many/ hardly any)
A few (some)
The few (not many but all)
E.g. I have a few coins so I can help you.
I read few novels last month because I was too busy.
Later (time)
Latter (position)
E.g. We will discuss it later in the meeting.
Rahul Gandhi put his first step in Indian politics later than Modi Ji.
John and Shelley are friends. Latter (Shelley) is a poet and former (John) is a doctor.
Elder (family)
Older (person/ things)
E.g. Ram is my elder brother.
Sohan is older than you
Eldest (family)
Oldest (person/ things)
E.g. Have you visited the oldest temple of Delhi?
Rohan is the eldest member of my family.
First (in position)
Foremost (famous)
E.g. I have read the first ode of P.B. Shelley.
Who is the foremost prime minister of his time?
Good (adjective)
Well (adjective/adverb)
E.g. All the students are good (Adj.)
The patient is well (Adj.)
This machine is not working well because of bad weather conditions.
(Adverb)
Latest (recent)
Last (position)
E.g. Have you got the latest news of India’s winning the innings?
I have read the last novel of Thomas Hardy.