Hydrate Lab

Tehami Raza, Taysir Rezwan, Ali Hussan, and Waleed Cheema

SCH3U

Materials
400 mL beaker
Tongs
Electronic Balance
Hot Plate
Scoopula
Glass Rod
3 g to 5 g of hydrate (Copper(II) sulfate)

Procedure
1. Grind some hydrate down into a fine powder using the mortar and pestle
2. Weigh the beaker
3. Using a scoopula place the powdered-down hydrate into the beaker
4. Record the mass of the hydrate on the electronic balance by subtracting the hydrates
weight from the beaker
5. Place beaker with hydrate onto the hotplate, record the mass
6. Mix the hydrate with a glass rod for the heat to be applied to all parts of the hydrate
7. Once water has evaporated (colour of the compound becomes slightly dull) wait for it to
cool down for 10 minutes.
8. Use the tongs to pick up the beaker with the hydrate onto the balance
9. Record the weight of the remaining hydrate by subtracting the hydrate from the beaker’s
weight and record the results.

Observations

Mass (g) Empty Before After

Beaker 100.13 (without 103.20 (with hydrate) 102.85 (after heating)

hydrate)

Hydrate 0 3.02 2.70

When the hydrate was being heated, it was taken note that a reaction happened. The blue substance
which contained H20 was being evaporated and brought about in a color change. The blue substance
changed into a gray substance which is known as CuSO4. Since the H20 evaporated from the
hydrate, the weight of the hydrate was decreased
Analysis
1. Determine the percent by mass of water in your sample of hydrated compound. Show
your calculations clearly.
Mass of Hydrate - Mass of Anhydrous Compound
= 3.05 - 2.70
= 0.32
Mass of Anhydrous Compound Divided by Total Mass x 100
= (0.32 / 3.02) x 100
= 0.105 x 100
= 10.6%
Determine the empirical formula of your hydrate
H2O= 10.6g
CuSO4= 86.6g

Mass of Water
= 0.32 / 18.0153
= 0.0177

Mass of Anhydrous
= 2.70 / 159.609
= 0.00169

0.0177 / 0.0169
= CuSO4 . H2O

2. The molecular formula

Mass of Hydrate - Mass of anhydrous compound
The mass of water in the compound
= 3.05 - 2.70
= 0.32

Mass of H20 in the beaker/ Molar mass of H2O

Number of Moles of water
= 0.32 / (16.00 + 2 x 1.008)g/ml
= 0.017

Mass of anhydrous compound / molar mass of copper sulfate

Number of moles of anhydrous compound (copper(II) sulfate)

= 2.72 / ((63.546 x 2) + (32.06) + (16 x 4)
= 0.01790

Moles of water / moles of anhydrous compound

The formula
= 0.0177 / 0.0169
= 1.04 / 1
= 1.04 x 7 = 7.3 = 7 Formula; 7CuSO4 . 7H2O

Q#1 Suppose you did not completely convert the hydrate to the anhydrous compound.
Explain how this would affect:

A)The calculated percent by mass of water in the compound.

It would affect the percent of the mass of water in the compound as not all the water inside the
hydrate has been evaporated. This will conclude our results of the percentage mass of water in the
compound to be lower since there leftover hydrate in the anhydrous compound.

B) The molecular formula

The proportion of the molecular formula will result within the CuSO4 having a better
coefficient and H2O having a lower coefficient than the beginning value since a few of the H20
particles will be tallied towards the CuSO4.

Q#2 Suppose the hydrate was heated too quickly and some of it was lost as it spattered out of
the container. Explain how this would affect:

A)The calculated percent by mass of water in the compound.

In case the hydrate was heated too rapidly and some of it scattered out of the holder, the
calculated percent by mass of water within the compound would be higher as the splashed
particles will be counted as the evaporated water.

B)The molecular formula you determined.

The proportion of the molecular formula will result within the CuSO4 having a lower coefficient
and H2O having a higher coefficient than the initial value since the splashed out molecules can
have CuSO4 and will be counted as H20 particles.