UNIVERSITY OF GUYANA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIV 3115 – STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS I

FORCE METHOD OF ANALYSIS [FLEXIBILITY METHOD]

This document seeks to provide the analysis of the frame within the CIV_3115_1_Force_Method
Lecture note. For the entire analysis, the unknowns at a particular section are assumed to act
accordance with the beam convention.

Solution to Example 5:

Figure 1

Reactions for first primary structure:

3𝑘/𝑓𝑡 × 30𝑓𝑡
𝐴𝑦 = 𝐵𝑦 = = 45 𝑘(↑)[𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦]
2

→ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 0

Isolating the members and Joint to exposure the member-end forces:

Member AB

↑ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐹𝑦𝐴𝐵 + 45 𝑘 = 0, 𝐹𝑦𝐴𝐵 = 45 𝑘(↓)

→ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 0

↺ +, ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

1
 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 0

These member-end forces act in the opposite direction on member BC.

Reactions for second primary structure:

↻ +, ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0

2
𝐴𝑦 (30𝑓𝑡) − 1 𝑘(20𝑓𝑡) = 0, 𝐴𝑦 = 𝑘 (↑)
3

→ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐴𝑥 + 1 𝑘 = 0, 𝐴𝑥 = 1 𝑘(⟵)

↑ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

2
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 = 0, 𝐶𝑦 = 𝑘(↓)
3

Isolating the members and Joint to exposure the member-end forces:

Member AB

↑ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

2 2
𝐹𝑦𝐴𝐵 + 𝑘 = 0, 𝐹𝑦𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘(↓)
3 3

→ +, ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝑥𝐴𝐵 + 1𝑘 = 0, 𝐹𝑥𝐴𝐵 = 1 𝑘(←)

↺ +, ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

𝑀𝐵𝐴 + 1 𝑘(20𝑓𝑡) = 0, 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 20 𝑘𝑓𝑡(↻)

These member-end forces act in the opposite direction on member BC.

Sectioning the individual members as shown in Figure 1 to develop the moment equations.

First primary structure:

↺ +, ∑ 𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0

𝑀𝑥1 = 0

↻ +, ∑ 𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0

𝑥2 3
𝑀𝑥2 + 3𝑥2 ( ) − 45𝑥2 = 0, 𝑀𝑥2 = 45𝑥2 − 𝑥22
2 2

Second primary structure:

2
 ↺ +, ∑ 𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0

𝑀𝑥1 + 1(𝑥1 ) = 0, 𝑚𝑥1 = −𝑥1

↺ +, ∑ 𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 0

2 2
𝑚𝑥2 + 20 − 𝑥2 = 0, 𝑀𝑥2 = 𝑥2 − 20
3 3

Evaluating 𝑓𝐴𝐴 for both members:

𝑚𝑥2
𝑓𝐴𝐴 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼

30 (
2 2
3 𝑥2 − 20) (3 𝑥2 − 20) 𝑑𝑥
20 (−𝑥 )(−𝑥 )
1 1
𝑓𝐴𝐴 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥1 + ∫ 2
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼

4
30 ( 𝑥 2 −
80
3 𝑥2 + 400) 𝑑𝑥
20
𝑥12 2
𝑓𝐴𝐴 =∫ 𝑑𝑥1 + ∫ 9 2
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼

20 30
𝑥13 1 4 3 80 2 20,000 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑓𝐴𝐴 =[ ] + [ 𝑥2 − 𝑥2 + 400𝑥2 ] =
3𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼 27 6 0 3𝐸𝐼

Evaluating ∆𝐴𝑂 for both members:

𝑀𝑂 𝑚𝐴
∆𝐴𝑂 = ∑ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼

1 30 3 2
∆𝐴𝑂 = ∫ (45𝑥2 − 𝑥22 ) ( 𝑥2 − 20) 𝑑𝑥2
𝐸𝐼 0 2 3

1 30
∆𝐴𝑂 = ∫ (−𝑥23 + 60𝑥2 − 900𝑥2 ) 𝑑𝑥2
𝐸𝐼 0

30
1 𝑥24 60 900𝑥22 67500 𝑘𝑓𝑡 3
∆𝐴𝑂 = [− + 𝑥 3 − ] =−
𝐸𝐼 4 3 2 0 𝐸𝐼