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File: Final_referral_2.docx

Student: Emoke Hoka

- 2020312emoke.hoka@study.beds.ac.uk

Word count: 1682

Assessment task: Essay

Feedback areas:

Structure

Choice of language

Spelling

Referencing

State of document: Almost ready to hand in

Submission ID: ef3d6d52-e888-4e47-8285-eb951b8a4d1e

Final_referral_2.docx

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SRY, United Kingdom Joined in 2021
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Academic Writing

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15
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Focus areas

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Structure 2

Citation Assist

Your draft has been checked for text that matches existing public sources.

Text match 1

Powered by
FYA003-0
Contemporary Social Issues
Using
ONE sociological perspective explain the contemporary issue of the Elderly
Student
Number: 2020312
Milton
Keynes Campus
Using
ONE sociological perspective explain the contemporary issue of the Elderly
Essay
plan
This
essay will present the role
of the elderly within society using a functionalist perspective
and
will analyse the factors that affect how the elderly are perceived by
members of society.
This
essay will bear the following specific objectives:
Introduction:

Definition
of Functionalist perspective (Townley and Middleton, 1978)
What
ageism is and how this affects the elderly and society (Singh
and Bajorek, 2014)
Main
body:

What
functionalist theory is and how this affects the role of the elderly
in terms of society
(Lumen,
2021)

Describe
one strength of the sociological theory (Palmore, Branch and Harris,
2013)

Describe
one weakness of the sociological theory (Hochschild,
1975)

Issues
faced by the elderly (Herring, 2009)

Discussion
on [The preposition you have used here is not correct for the context and
needs reviewing. This should be 'of'.] the discrimination and inequality faced by the
elderly in society

How
have these inequalities effected the elderly population during the
recent pandemic
(Suleman et al.,2021)
Conclusion:
I
am hoping to conclude this essay with a good understanding of the
role of the elderly within
society, to present a functionalist theory
and the way this affects the role of elderly within
society. [You have repeated this word/phrase. You could replace this just by using the
word 'elderly'.]Also, in
this essay I will try to present how the discrimination and
inequalities
effect [This spelling is incorrect. Please review.]the elderly population and how these
inequalities
were perceived during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Reference
list:
Herring,
J.W. (2009)’
Older
People In Law And Society’, Oxford
University Press,
(2009)
Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 17/2010, Available at:
SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1551900
(Accessed:
23 October 2021).
Hochschild,
A., (1975) ’Disengagement Theory: A Critique and Proposal’. American
Sociological Review,
40(5), p.553.
 Lumen
(2021) ‘The Functionalist Perspective on Aging’
Boundless Sociology.
Available at:
<https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/the-functionalist-
perspective-on-aging/>
(Accessed: 2 September 2021). [Please remember to check all
referencing against your institution's referencing style guide.]
Palmore,
E., Branch, L. and Harris, D. (2013) ‘Encyclopedia of Ageism’.
1st
ed. New York:
Routledge,
p.113.
Singh,
S. and Bajorek, B. (2014) ‘Defining "elderly" in clinical
practice guidelines for
pharmacotherapy’, Pharmacy
Practice (Internet),
12(4), pp.0-0.
Suleman,
M., Sonthalia, S., Webb, C., Tinson, A., Kane, M., Bunbury, S.,
Finch, D. and Bibby,
J. (2021). ‘Unequal pandemic, fairer recovery:
The COVID-19 impact inquiry report’. The
Health Foundation; (2021). Available
at:
(https://doi.org/10.37829/HF-2021-HL12)
(Accessed:
25 October 2021).
Townley,
C. and Middleton, M. (1978) ‘Sociological
Perspectives’. Association
for the
Teaching of the Social Sciences (England).,
p.37. Available at: <https://eric.ed.gov/?
id=ED193097>
(Accessed: 25 October 2021).
Using
ONE sociological perspective explain the contemporary issue of the
Elderly
The
aim of this essay is to discuss the role of the elderly in society
using a functionalist
perspective. [An introduction should contain an outline of your premises (main points)
that you intend to cover in your body paragraphs. Please refer to notes in the Feedback
Summary for more information.]
As
stated by Singh and Bajorek (2014),” ageing is an inevitable
process, commonly measured
by chronological age and, as a convention,
a person aged 65 years, or more is often referred
to as ‘elderly’.
However, the ageing process is not uniform across the population due
to
differences in genetics, lifestyle and overall health.” Ageism,
as defined by Robert Butler
(1975) means “a process of systematic
stereotyping or discrimination against people because
they are old”.
World [Remember to use the definite article 'the' before nouns that are
definitely being referred to. This should be 'The World...']Health Organisation (2014)
identifies ageism like [The word choice is inappropriate for the context. The word 'as'
would be better here.]“the
stereotypes (how we think), prejudice (how we feel) and
discrimination (how we act) towards others or oneself based on age”.
The
functionalist perspective sees society as an organism in which all
the elements work
together to ensure the organism’s continuing
well-being (Townley
and Middleton, 1978).
In
sociology, functionalist theory is an approach based on the premise
that all components of a
society – institutions, roles, norms, and
so on – serve a purpose and are all essential for the
society’s
long-term survival (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2021). [Please remember to check
all referencing against your institution's referencing style guide.]
In
sociology during the
1950s and 1960s, the first theories which
reflected ageing from a functionalist perspective
were prevalent.
They highlighted how individuals adjusted to shifting roles in
society as they
aged and how those roles benefited the society. These
early theories commonly believed that
ageing is associated with
physical and psychological decline and that shifting social roles
must account for this decline (Hendricks, 1992). As stated by The
American sociologist Talcott
Parsons (1940s and 1950s), society must
find roles for older people that are appropriate for
their age and
abilities. Failure to do so, as seen by Parsons, could result in
older people being
demoralized and isolated from society (Lumen,
2021).
Disengagement
Theory
The
Disengagement Theory believes that is natural and understandable for
elderly [Remember to use the definite article 'the' before nouns that are definitely being
referred to. ] to separate from society and personal relationships as they
age, outlining a
contemporary social issue impacting older people:
social withdrawal or isolation (Maddox,
1964). Elaine Cumming and
Warren Earl Henry introduced the theory in their 1961 book
“Growing
Old,” and it generated debate shortly after its publication
(Hochschild, 1975).
One
advantage of this theory is represented by the idea that
disengagement is beneficial to
society’s functioning since it
supports the longevity of its major social institutions. Although
death is imminent, the number of disruptions caused by it can be
reduced by
withdrawal [Remember to use the definite article 'the' before nouns that are definitely
being referred to.] of older adults from their institutional duties
(Palmore, Branch and Harris,
2013).
One
disadvantage of this theory is that it was assumed that elderly were
no longer capable of
completing their duties effectively. However, if
the elderly stop engaging, the society will suffer
as a result of
their loss of knowledge and understanding (Hochschild, 1975).
Issues
faced by the elderly
Herring
(2009), suggested that the biggest challenges that elderly people
face today are as
follow:

Ageism
and lost sense of purpose
Financial
insecurity
Difficulty
with everyday tasks and mobility
Access
to healthcare services
Mistreatment
and abuse
The
consequence of ageism is that elderly regularly experience
discriminatory treatment.
Thereby society is not able to benefit from
the valuable resources that older persons offer –
as volunteers,
employees and in many different roles (Herring, 2009).
Inequality
as defined by Cambridge Dictionary (2021), means the unfair situation
in society
when some people have more opportunities, money, etc than
other people. [Avoid the use of
single-sentence paragraphs. Please refer to feedback under Structure.]

The
Equality Act (2010) is a law which protects you from unequal
treatment and offers a
range of legislative methods for combating age
discrimination in the workplace and in the
supply of products and
services. Even though is [This area is missing words or phrases that,
if added, would help your writing be more grammatically complete and clear to the
reader. This should be '...though it is illegal...'] illegal, age discrimination is still
prevalent in
employment (Age
UK, 2018).
Some
examples of age discrimination and inequality highlighted by Age UK
(2019), include:

Loss
of employment due to advancing age.
Because
of their age, they [The meaning here is unclear. You should write 'the elderly'
here.] are unable to obtain interest-free credit, a new
credit card, vehicle insurance or
travel insurance.
Experiencing
poor service in a store or restaurant because of the company’s
attitude
toward senior citizens.
Being
denied a referral from a doctor to a consultant because of being
‘too old’.
 Being
refused membership to a club or trade association because of age.

According
to World Health Organisation (2014), negative attitudes on ageing and
older people
have severe consequences for older people's physical and
mental health. Elderly persons
who feel they are a burden perceive
their lives to be less valuable, putting them at risk of
depression
and social isolation.

Kilaru
and Gee (2020) states that the findings of a study conducted in 27
countries revealed
that governments around the world have introduced
age-based public health measures to
restrict the movement of older
people at different stages of the pandemic. These include
banning
people over a certain age from leaving their home. Restrictions of
older people’s
movement have not only denied their right to freedom
of movement but also limited their
equal enjoyment of other rights
like: [C1, 2 matches found, Part of this appears to be a
direct quote, but you have not used quotation marks. ]

Right
to social security
Right
to work
Right
to health
Right
to care and support
Freedom
from violence, abuse, and neglect

Moreover,
older persons have been disproportionately impacted by the recent
pandemic.
According to WHO (2021) over 95% of the deaths from
Covid-19 occurred among people
older than 60 years.

To
summarise, the
functionalist theory looked at how the different parts of society
work
together for it to function smoothly and how functionalists
believe that the elderly is one of
society’s fundamental groups.
However, the  disengagement
theory  argues
that withdrawal
from society is a normal behaviour portrayed by the
aging individual (Hochschild,
1975).
One
of the contemporary issues faced by the elderly persons is ageism
which has an impact on
both society and culture , is [Try and avoid the use of unnecessary words as it leads to
wordiness and poor readability. You can delete this word here as your sentence makes
sense without it.]  leading to
age discrimination, and devaluing and disempowering older
people (Age
UK, 2021).

Reference
list:
Age
UK (2018) Ageism
and age equality.
Available
at:
<https://www.ageuk.org.uk/globalassets/age-uk/documents/policy-positions/cross-cutting-
issues/ageism-and-age-equality-pp-great-britain-august-2018.pdf>
(Accessed: 2 September
2021).
Herring,
J.W. (2009)’
Older
People In Law And Society’, Oxford
University Press,
(2009)
Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 17/2010, Available at:
SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1551900
(Accessed:
23 October 2021).
Hochschild,
A. (1975) ‘Disengagement Theory: A Critique and Proposal.’ American
Sociological Review,
40(5), p.553.
Kilaru,
A. and Gee, R. (2020) ‘Structural Ageism and the Health of Older
Adults’, JAMA
Health
Forum,
1(10), p.e201249.
Lumen
(2021) The
Functionalist Perspective on Aging | Boundless Sociology.
Available at:
<https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/the-functionalist-
perspective-on-aging/>
(Accessed: 2 September 2021).
Maddox,
G. (1964) ‘A Critical Evaluation.’ The
Gerontologist,
4(2 Part 1), pp.80-82.
Orimo
H. et
al.
(2006) ‘Reviewing the definition of “elderly”, Geriatrics
& gerontology
international. 2006;6(3):149–158. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2006.
00341.x. 
Open
Libraries (2021) 12.3
Sociological Perspectives on Aging.
Available at:
<https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/12-3-sociological-perspectives-on-aging/>
(Accessed: 1 September 2021).
Palmore,
E., Branch, L. and Harris, D. (2013) ‘Encyclopedia of Ageism’.
1st
ed. New York:
Routledge,
p.113.
Singh,
S. and Bajorek, B. (2014) ‘Defining "elderly" in clinical
practice guidelines for
pharmacotherapy’, Pharmacy
Practice (Internet),
12(4), pp.0-0.
Social
Science (2021) 11.3A:
The Functionalist Perspective.
Available at:
<https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Introduction_to_Sociology/Book%3A_
Sociology_(Boundless)/11%3A_Gender_Stratification_and_Inequality/11.03%3A_Sociological
_Perspectives_on_Gender_Stratification/11.3A%3A_The_Functionalist_Perspective>.
(Accessed: 2 September 2021).
Sociology
Guide (2021) Sociological
Theories of Ageing, Social Theory of Aging,
Psychological Theories of
Ageing.
Available at:
<https://www.sociologyguide.com/ageing/theories-of-ageing.php>.
(Accessed: 2 September
2021).
Suleman,
M., Sonthalia, S., Webb, C., Tinson, A., Kane, M., Bunbury, S.,
Finch, D. and Bibby,
J. (2021). ‘Unequal pandemic, fairer recovery:
The COVID-19 impact inquiry report’. The
Health Foundation; (2021). Available
at:
(https://doi.org/10.37829/HF-2021-HL12)
(Accessed:
25 October 2021).
Townley,
C. and Middleton, M., (1978) ‘Sociological
Perspectives.’ Association
for the
Teaching of the Social Sciences (England).,
(online) (ED193097), p.37. Available at:
<https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED193097> (Accessed 26 October 2021).
University
Press, C. (2021) Inequality.
(online) Dictionary.cambridge.org. Available at:
<https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/inequality>
(Accessed 21 October 2021).
WHO
(2010): Definition
of an older or elderly person. Available
at:
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/index.html.
(Accessed: 2 September
2021). [You will need to double-check your reference list as it contains inconsistencies
that need to be reviewed. Be sure to use the referencing guide provided by your
institution. Below, you have listed the full name of WHO rather than the acronym. You
should be consistent in your reference list.]
World
Health Organisation (2014): 10
facts on ageing and the life course.
Available at :
http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/ageing/ageing_facts/en/index.html.
(Accessed: 2
September 2021)
Appendix: Citation Assist

C1. Kilaru
and Gee (2020) states that the findings of a study conducted in 27
countries revealed that governments
around the world have introduced
age-based public health measures to restrict the movement of older
people at
different stages of the pandemic. These include banning
people over a certain age from leaving their home.
Restrictions of
older people’s movement have not only denied their right to freedom
of movement but also limited
their equal enjoyment of other rights
like:
2 matches found
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/2030Agenda/ThirdSession/statements/HelpAge-
International.pdf
https://social.un.org/ageing-working-group/documents/eleventh/Unequal-treatment-English.pdf