5 Year plans of India

By:
Alka Mishra
M. Sc. Nursing 1st yr
 Index
• Introduction
• History
• Plans
• 12th FYP
• NITI AAYOG
• Conclusion
• Summey
 Plan
• Spells out how the resources of a nation
should be put to use.
• Has some general goals as well as specific
objectives, which are to be achieved within a
specified period of time.
 History of Five year Plans
• Borrowed the concept of five-year plans from the
former soviet union, the pioneer in national planning
• Jawaharlal Nehru was impressed with the
remarkable successes in industrialization achieved by
the USSR in their initial five year plans
• India has an extensive network setup to formulate 5-
year plans under the supervision of the planning
commission
 characteristics of plan

• Spells out how the resources of a nation

should be put to use.
• Has some general goals as well as specific
objectives, which are to be achieved within a
specified period of time.
 Why to Plan
Some of the problems necessitated need for an
immediate plan:
– Vicious circle of poverty
– Low Per Capita Income
– High Rate of Growth of Population.
– Low Level of Literacy.
– Backward Technology.
– Foreign Trade.
– Need for Rapid industrialization
 Objectives of Planning
• Central objective - raise the standard of living of
the people
– To increase per capita and NI
– Higher level of employment
– Growth with social justice
– Increasing industrial output
– To remove bottlenecks in agriculture, manufacturing
industry
– Reduction of inequality in income
– Modernization
– Self- reliance
 Functions

To make an assessment of the

 material,
 capital and
 human resources of the country, including
technical personnel and
To investigate the possibilities of augmenting such
of those resources as are found to be deficient in
relation to the nation’s requirements.
 Conted…
• To formulate a plan for the most effective and
balanced utilization of the country s resources.
• To determine priorities as between projects and
programmes accepted in the plan.

• To indicate the factors that retard economic

development and to determine conditions which
should be established for the success of the plan.
 Stages in Planning
• Formulation- by planning commission. In this stage,
planning commission prepares draft that goes to
National development council. The council then
endorse the draft, and it is forwarded to Parliament.
• Adoption- By Parliament
• Approval- After the approval of Parliament only, the
draft becomes the planned document.
• Execution-By executive
• Supervision- By Officials
 Pre-conditions of Planning
• Collection of Statistical Data- If at collection stage
data is incorrect or irrelevant or collected half
heartedly then economic planning won‘t be effective
at all.
• Economic Organization
• Government Setup
• Public Cooperation- Citizen must provide every
information so that government can formulate
policies for their betterment.
 Organizational set up

• Planning commission was a statuary body

• set up by a Resolution of the Government of India
in March 1950. It has following members:
• Chairman ( Prime Minister)
• Deputy Chairman
• Secretary
• Joint Secretary
• Four Members
 Planning Commission Divisions

• Planning Areas is divided under the following sectors:

Agriculture
Infrastructure
Social Sector
Other sectors/ Areas
• There are total 31 subdivisions of planning
commission under these major divisions.
 5 year plans
• First plan (1951-1956)- Javaharlal Nehru
• Second plan (1956-1961)- Prasanta Chandra
• Third plan (1961-1966) -
• Fourth plan (1969-1974)- Indira Gandhi
• Fifth plan (1974-1979)- Morarji Desai
• Sixth plan (1980-1985)- Rajiv Gandhi
• Seventh plan (1985-1989)
• Period between 1989-91
• Eighth plan (1992-1997)
• Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002)
• Tenth plan (2002-2007)
• Eleventh plan (2007-2012)
FIVE HEALTH HEALTH RELATED FEATURES IMPORATANE POINTS
YEAR ALLOCATI
PLAN ON(%GDP)

Provision of water supply Important features:

1ST 3.4
Plan and sanitation National family
(1951- Control of malaria planning programme
1956) Preventive health care of National malaria
the rural population control programme
through the health units National water supply
and mobile units and sanitation
Health services for the programme
mother and children National filarial
Education and training control programme
and health education National leprosy
Self sufficiency in drugs control programme
and equipment
Family planning and
population control
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPOTANT POINTS
ALLOCATI
ON
(%GDP)

Establishment of institutional
2ND
AN
PL 3
facilities to serve as a basis from National
(1956- which services could be Venereal Disease
1961 rendered to the people locally Control
and in surrounding territories. Programme
Development of technical
manpower through appropriate
National
training programmes Malaria
Intensifying measures to Eradication
control widely spread Programme
communicable diseases
Encouraging active campaign
for environmental hygiene.
Provision of family planning
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT FEATURES
ALLOCATI
ON
(%GDP)

3RD 2.7
Water supply National
PLAN environmental sanitation Trachoma
(1961-
1966)
[rural & Urban] Control
Health care [ hospitals and
dispensaries]
Proigramme
Control of communicable
diseases
Medical education,
research and training
Other services- health
education, school health,
MCH, mental health, health
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT
ALLOCA POINTS
TION
(%GDP)

7.2% was allocated to health services. 42%

4TH 2.1
PLAN Certain objectives of the Mudaliar health care
(1969- Committee were the base for the fourth
plan
1974) FYP in relation to health. These are as
follows: allocation
To provide an effective base for health was for
services in rural areas by strengthening family
the primary health centres. planning
Strengthening of sub-divisional and No
district hospitals to provide effective
emphasis
referral services for primary health
centre, and on
Expansion of the medical and nursing preventive
education and training of paramedical & Curative
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
ALLOCATIO
N (%GDP)

Increasing accessibility of health

5TH 2.1 services to rural areas Kartar Singh
PLAN Correcting regional imbalance
(1974
committee also
Further development of referral
- known as MPHW
services by removing deficiencies, in
1979)
district and sub-divisional hospitals. Committee
Integration of health, family planning
and nutrition
Intensification of the control and
eradication of communicable diseases
especially malaria and small pox
Quantitative improvement in the
education and training of health
personnel by converting unipurpose
workers to multipurpose workers,
Development of referral services by
providing specialists attention to
common diseases in rural areas.
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
ALLOCA
TION
(%GDP)

Elementary education Health for all by

6TH 1.7
PLAN Adult education 200 Ad
Adoption of
Rural health
(1980 national Health Policy
- Rural water supply National Guinea
1985)
Rural road worm eradication
Rural electrification programme
House sites / houses for Leprosy control
rural landless labourers, programme changed
to Leprosy
Environmental
eradication
improvement of slums Programme
Nutrition
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
ALLOCA
TION
(%GDP)

7TH PLAN 1.9

Augment the minimum Multi purpose
(1985- need programme worker training
1989)
Multi purpose worker started
training
Control of
communicable diseases
e.g. Malaria, TB, Leprosy,
Blindness control
Re-orientation of
Medical Education
Emphasis on Medical
research
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
ALLOCATI
ON
(%GDP)

A National Policy on Education in Child Survival &

8TH 1.9 Health Sciences
PLAN safe motherhood
programme to control communicable
(1992- & vector born diseases
Programme
1997)
 The States will be given flexibility in started
establishing health care units as per the Special
local needs emphasis on
In opening new centres the needs of Indian system of
tribal population and communities living
in difficult and inaccessible areas will be
Medicine and
given first priority Homeopathy
Containing population growth one of 
the six most important objectives of the
Eighth Plan, CBR 29.9 /1000in 1990 to 26
/1000by 1997. The IMR 80 /1000 live
births in 1990 to 70 by 1997
PLAN HEALTH A HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
LLOCATION
(%GDP)

operational health information Develop Disease

9TH 1.8
PLAN system and Surveillance &
(1997 - Multi professional education Response
2002) to promote team work mechanism
Skill upgradation of all RCH-I started
categories of health personnel, Implementation
by continuing education of management
Improving operational system for
efficiency through health emergency,
services research. disaster, accident
Increasing awareness through & trauma care at
health education. all levels of health
Increasing accountability and care
responsiveness to health needs
of the by Panchayati Raj
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
ALLOCA
TION
(%GDP)

10TH 1.6
Health care system Planning
Plan Quality and accountability in commission
(2002-
2007)
health care started work
infection control and waste on preparing
management in health care a National
settings Vision 2020
prevention & management of document
NCDs NRHM
Environmental and IDSP
occupational health 
screening common nutritional
diseases
PLAN HEALTH HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS
ALLOCATION
(%GDP)

Reduce infant mortality rate ISM & H at PHC

11TH 0.9
PLAN (1.4 including to 28 and maternal mortality level
(2007- water & ratio to 1 per 1000 live births Emphasis on
2012) sanitation) Reduce TFR to 2.1 District Health plan
Provide clean drinking water & Block Health plan
for all by 2009 and ensure Highest priority to
that there are no slip-backs HIV specially
Reduce malnutrition among Females
children of age group 0-3 to Recommended
half its present level special measures
Reduce anaemia among prevent
women and girls by 50% by discrimination &
the end of the plan empower them to
lead a dignified life
REAL STORY
 1st plan

Target GDP 2.1% Achieved GDP 3.6%

2nd plan

Target GDP 4.5% Achieved GDP 4.27%

3rd plan

Target GDP 5.6% Achieved GDP 2.84%

 4th plan

Target GDP 5.7% Achieved GDP 3.30%

5th plan

Target GDP 4.4% Achieved GDP 4.80%

6th plan :

Target GDP 5.2% Achieved GDP 5.66%

 7th plan

Target GDP 5.0% Achieved GDP 6.01%

8th plan

Target GDP 5.6% Achieved GDP 6.78%

9th plan

Target GDP 6.5% Achieved GDP 5.35%

 10th plan

Target GDP 8% Achieved GDP 7.8%

11th plan

Target GDP 10% Achieved GDP 7.9%

 Real GDP Growth
Country 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-2006

Brazil 5.9 8.5 3.0 1.7 3.1

China 3.0 7.4 9.8 10.0 9.5
India 4.0 2.9 5.6 5.7 7.0
Indonesia 3.7 7.8 6.4 4.8 4.9
Korea 8.3 8.3 7.7 6.3 5.2
Mexico 6.8 6.4 2.3 3.4 2.9
Philippines 5.1 5.8 2.0 2.8 4.8
S.Africa 6.1 3.3 2.2 1.4 4.1
Thailand 7.8 7.5 7.3 5.3 5.0
Source World Development Indicators, World Bank
DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
1996 2001 2006 2011
Population
(million) 934.22 1012.39 1094.13 1178.89

Urban
Population 27.23 28.77 30.35 31.99
(%)
Sex Ratio(
males for 107.9 107.2 106.6 106.0
100
females)
 Projection of national poverty ratio

1996-97 2001-02 2006-07 2011-12

Rural 30.55 18.61 9.64 4.31

Urban 25.58 16.46 9.28 4.49

Total 29.18 17.98 9.53 4.37

 Literacy rates
percentage of literates
90.00%
79.90%
80.00%
70.00% 65.38%
60.00%
52.21%
50.00% 43.57%
40.00% 34.45%
28.90%
30.00%
18.33%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2009
percentage of literates
 % Investment in Healthin Five Year Plans
3.50%

3.00%

2.50%

2.00%

1.50%
% In Health

1.00%

0.50%

0.00%
 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN
• The government on 4th October approved the 12th five year
plan (2012-17)
• growth rate of 8.2 per cent, down from 9 per cent envisaged
earlier, in view of fragile global recovery. The theme of the
Approach Paper is “faster, sustainable and more inclusive
growth” .
• During the 11th Plan (2007-12), India has recorded an
average economic growth rate of 7.9 per cent. This, however,
is lower than the 9 per cent targeted in 11th Plan.
• 12th Plan seeks to achieve 4 per cent agriculture sector
growth during 2012-17.
• The growth target for manufacturing sector has been pegged
at 10 percent. The total plan size has been estimated at
Rs.47.7 lakh crore, 135 per cent more that for the 11th Plan
(2007-12).
 objectives
• Faster, More Inclusive, and Sustainable Growth.
• Could aim at 9.0 to 9.5 percent
• For growth to be more inclusive we need: Better
performance in agriculture
• Faster creation of jobs, especially in
manufacturing
• Stronger efforts at health, education and
Infrastructure.
• Special plans for disadvantaged/backward region
 Strategies
• To strengthen initiatives taken in 11th plan
• To expand the reach of health care services
and work towards long term objective of
establishing a system of Universal Health
Coverage in the country.
 IMPORTANT FEATURES
• 12th plan envisage Universalisation of Secondary Education
by 2017.

• In 11th plan, the total public spending on health (combined

of state and centre) was less than 1% of GDP. 12th plan aims
to increase it to 2.5% of GDP by the end of 12th plan.

• India has evolved National Action Plan for Climate Change

with eight component mission. 12th plan considers it for
implementation to achieve target of 20% to 25%reduction
in emission intensity of GDP over 2005 levels by 2020.
 CONTED....
• IMR (infant mortality rate) was 47 in 2010 and
12th plan aims to bring it down to 25 per 1000
live birth by the end of plan period.
• 12th plan aims to bring down MMR ( maternal
mortality rate) to 1 per 1000 live birth by the
end of plan period.
• Not even single Indian university figures in list
of top 200 universities in the world.12th plan
aims to get 5 Indian university in the list.
 CONTED....
• Even after 65 years of Independence, we have
45% of households do not have electricity
connections.

• 11th plan added 55,000 MW of generation

capacity which was short of target set and 12th
plan envisages to add 88,000 MW by the end of
plan period.

• 12th plan envisages to add 30,000 MW of

renewable energy capacity.
 CONTED...
• 12th plan envisages to electrify all the villages
and to reduce AT & C losses to 20% by the end
of 12th plan.

• The total investment in infrastructure in 12th

plan is estimated to be Rs. 55.7 lakh crore
,which works out to be $1trillion at prevailing
exchange rates.
 CONTED....
• The share of private investment in total
investment in infrastructure rose from 22% in
Tenth Plan to 36.6% in 11th Plan. it will have to
increase to 48% in 12th plan to meet
infrastructure investment target.

• More than 40% of household avail no banking

facility at all in country. insurance premia account
for less than 1% of GDP, which is just one third of
international average.
 CONTED....
• We have capacity to treat only 30% of human
waste we generate.
• Just two cities, Delhi and Mumbai, which
generate 17% of country’s urban sewage have
about 40% of total installed capacity.
• 12th plan envisages that no water scheme in
urban Indian will be sanctioned without
integrated scheme for sewage treatment
 CONTED....
• Every state in 12th plan must have an average
growth rate preferably higher than achieved in
11th plan.
• Head count ratio of consumption poverty is to
be reduced by 10% points over the preceding
estimates by the end of this plan.
• Generate 50 million new job opportunities in
non-farm sector and provide skill certification
to equivalent no. during 12th plan period.
 CONTED.....
• Mean year of schooling to increase to 7 years
by the end of 12th plan.

• Enhanced access to higher education by

creation of 2 million additional seats cohort
aligned to the skill needs of economy.

• Eliminate gender and social gap in school

enrolment by the end of 12th plan .
 CONTED......
• Improve child sex ratio (0-6) to 950 by the end of
12th plan.
• Reduce fertility rate to 2.1 by the end of 12th
plan.
• Reduce under nutrition among children aged 0-3
to half of the NFHS-3 level by the end of 12th
plan.
• Increase investment in infrastructure to 9% of
GDP by the end of 12th plan.
• Increase Gross Irrigated area from 90 million
hectares to 103 million hectares by the end of
12th plan.
 CONTED....
• Connect all villages with all-weather road by
the end of 12th plan.
• Upgrade national and state highways to
minimum two-lane standard by the end of
12th plan.
• Complete Eastern and Western Dedicated
Freight Corridor by the end of 12th plan.
• Increase rural tele-density to 70% by the end
of 12thplan. Currently it is 40.81%.
 CONTED....
• Ensure 50% of rural population has access to
piped drinking water supply and 50% of Gram
Panchayat achieve Nirmal Gram Status by the
end of 12th plan.

• Increase Green Cover (as measured by

Satellite Imagery)by 1 million hectare every
year during 12th plan period
 Important Features& Outcome Indicators
• Reduction of IMR - 25
• Reduction of MMR – 100
• Reduction of TFR – 2:1
• Prevention & reduction of under nutrition of in children under
3years to half of 2005-06 levels
• Prevention & reduction of anaemia among women aged 15 –
49years to 28%
• Raising child sex ratio in 0 – 6 yrs age group to 950
• Reduction in poor household’s out of poket expenditure on
health
• Prevention and reduction of burden of communicable
diseases ( including mental illnesses) & injuries (as shown in
table)
 Communicable disease outcome
Disease 12 th Plan Goal

• Tuberculosis Reduce annual incidence &

mortality by half
• Leprosy Reduce incidence – o Prevalence -<1 /
10,000
• Malaria Annual incidence -<1/ 1000
• Filariasis <1 % microfilaria prevalence/ district
• Dengue &chikungunya ( Sustaining case fatality rate<1%
Containment of outbreaks)
• Japanese Encephalitis Reduction in mortality by 30%
• Kala-azar Elimination by 2015 i.e. <1%10,000 in all
blocks
• HIV/AIDS Reduce new infection to 0 & provide
comprehensive care to those living with
HIV/AIDS
National health programmes
 Public health system
The objective “fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions in
which people can be healthy.”
• The three core public health functions are:
– Assessment and monitoring in order to identify health problems and
priorities;
– Formulation of public policies to solve local and national health
problems and to set priorities; and
– To ensure that every person has access to appropriate and cost-
effective care.
• Recommendations:
– Developing and deploying a Public Health Cadre.
– Territorial responsibility of Public Health officials.
– Training for Public Health functionaries at all levels:
 Conted...
• Decentralization of responsibilities by involving Local Self-
Government Bodies:
• Regular, institution based health checks:
• Attention to balanced nutrition:
• Health Education campaign:
• Standards, regulations and Acts for public health:
• Enhancing community participation in planning, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation
• Occupational health:
 Tertiary care system
Current Scenario:
Total No. of medical colleges = 335
Annual Training Capacity (UG) = 41569
Annual Training Capacity (PG) = 20858
Bed Strength = 2 lac (approx.)
Private hospitals .
Target:
• Doctor : Population = 1 : 2000 (approx.)
• Nurse : Population = 1 : 1130
• Nurse : Physician = 1.5 : 1
 Conted......
Projected Scenario:
• Doctor –Population Ratio = 1:2000 (existing
approx.)
• Registered doctors =7.5 lakhs
• Active =5.5 lakhs.
• Existing training capacity (MBBS) = 41569
• Targeted training capacity (MBBS) = 80,000 (By
2021)
 Conted...............
• Existing training capacity (PG) = 20868
• Targeted training capacity (PG) = 45, 000 (By
2021)
• Doctor –Population Ratio = 1:1000 (Targeted)
• To achieve this, an additional 5.5 lakh doctors
required which will be available by 2020.
mmr
imr
tfr
Under wt children
Out of pocket expenditure
 Niti aayog
• National Institution for Transforming India Aayog
(Hindi नीति आयोग niti aayog, Policy
Commission) is a Government of India policy
think-tank established by Prime Minister
Narendra Modii after his having dissolved the
Planning Commission. Pronounced nithi, meaning
"policy" in Hindi, the acronym stands for National
Institution for Transforming India. "Aayog'" is the
Hindi word for "commission".
• The Union Government of India announced
formation of NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015,
 Organizational setup
The NITI Aayog comprises the following:
• Prime Minister of India as the Chairperson
• Governing Council comprising the Chief Ministers of all
the States and Union territories with Legislatures and
lieutenant governors of other Union Territories.
• Regional Councils will be formed to address specific
issues and contingencies for a specified tenure.
• The Regional Councils will be convened by the Prime
Minister and will comprise of the Chief Ministers of
States and Lt. Governors of Union Territories in the
region. These will be chaired by the Chairperson of the
NITI Aayog or his nominee
• Experts, specialists and practitioners with relevant
domain
• Full-time organizational framework (in addition to
Prime Minister as the Chairperson) comprising
 Conted......
– Vice-Chairperson: Arvind Panagariya
– Members: Three (3) Full-time: economist Bibek Debroy, former
DRDO chief V.K. Saraswat and Agriculture Expert Professor
Ramesh Chand
– Part-time members: Maximum of two from leading universities
research organizations and other relevant institutions in an ex-
officio capacity. Part-time members will be on a rotational basis
– Ex Officio members: Maximum of four members of the Union
Council of Ministers to be nominated by the Prime Minister
– Chief Executive Officer: To be appointed by the Prime Minister
for a fixed tenure, in the rank of Secretary to the Government of
India. Sindhushree Khullar appointed as the Chief Executive
Officer.
– Secretariat as deemed necessary
 objectives
• An administration paradigm in which the
Government is an "enabler" rather than a
"provider of first and last resort."
• Progress from "food security" to focus on a mix of
agricultural production, as well as actual returns
that farmers get from their produce.
• Ensure that India is an active player in the
debates and deliberations on the global
commons.
• Ensure that the economically vibrant middle-class
remains engaged, and its potential is fully
realized.
 Conted......
• Leverage India's pool of entrepreneurial, scientific
and intellectual human capital.
• Incorporate the significant geo-economic and
geo-political strength of the Non-Resident Indian
Community.
• Use urbanization as an opportunity to create a
wholesome and secure habitat through the use of
modern technology.
• Use technology to reduce opacity and potential
for misadventures in governance.
 strategies
• Leveraging of India's demographic dividend,
and realization of the potential of youth, men
and women, through education, skill
development, elimination of gender bias, and
employment
• Elimination of poverty, and the chance for
every Indian to live a life of dignity and self-
respect
• Readdressal of inequalities based on gender
bias, caste and economic disparities
 Conted.............
• Integrate villages institutionally into the
development process
• Policy support to more than 50 million small
businesses, which are a major source of
employment creation
• Safeguarding of our environmental and
ecological assets.
 conclusion
• The concept of five year plan was adapted at the time when the economy
of the country was in dust. The British had left the Indian economy
crippled and the fathers of development formulated 5 years plan to
develop the Indian economy. At that time resources were scattered and
scarce, central command on planning was more relevant, as we grew as
independent economy some of the states prospered more while some are
left far behind, this coupled with the state specific resource and need,
made it more relevant that planning should be more at state level, rather
than central, it should be more relevant, and specific to the place where it
is going to be implemented. Also in recent years the planning commission
found itself restricted with red tape and lost its credibility and relevance.
The NITI Aayog took place of planning commission on the principals of
cooperative federalism, giving states a more free hand in planning and
implementation of schemes, but the contribution and role of five year
plan in development of India as a nation and as an economy will always be
revered.
 summary
• Five year plans were considered as the back
bone of planning in India, Although they
helped India to achieve and realise many goals
but also they failed to initiate comprehensive
growth of India.