ERI-02 Procedures in Instrumenting A Building Structures Reynaldo Floredeliza 2016.02.18

PRESENTED By:
Engr. REYNALDO A. FLORDELIZA ASCE PE Ph/M. ASEP
ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 1

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WEB SITE : http://www.rafconsult.co.nr
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HOW IT ALL STARTED

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M 7.2 SHOCKS WAVES PROPAGATES EASILY
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HOW MUCH ENERGY FORCE
WILL MOTHER NATURE
GIVE JUST TO BALANCE
THE LAW OF NATURE ?

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RING
OF
FIRE

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WOLDWIDE EARTHQUAKE VISUALIZATION MAP 2012-2013
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CUT AWAY SECTION
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QUAKE EPICENTER
ground shaking SOURCE

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M 6.5
QUAKE GENERATORS
M 7.0
M 7.8
M7
M 7.5
ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES M 7.5 20

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CREEPING

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WHAT ARE THE FOUR DESTRUCTIVE
FORCES OF NATURE THAT
ENGINEERS HAVE TO UNDERSTAND
 EARTHQUAKES
 WIND
 WATER
 FIRE

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EARTHQUAKES / LANDSLIDE

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EARTHQUAKES /
LIQUEFACTION

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EARTHQUAKES / BLDG COLLAPSED

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WIND TYPHOONS/HURRICANES/TORNADOS

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WATER / FLOODS / TSUNAMIS / STORM SURGE

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What dangers
awaits when the
West Valley Fault
moves?

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IF YOU TAKE THIS
FOR GRANTED THAT
IS YOUR FAULT 
MUNTINLUPA MUNICIPAL HALL IS TRANSECTED BY VALLEY FAULT
APPROXIMATELY
ERI -02 20 Mts. AWAY
PROCEDURES FROMBUILDING
IN INSTRUMENTING THE MAYORS
STRUCTURES OFFICE 37
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THE LARGEST
EARTHQUAKE TO
AFFECT MANILA
30 NOVEMBER 1645
Mag 7.5
WAS SEVERE ALMOST
EVERYTHING
CRUMBLE AND
CATHEDRAL WAS
DESTROYED BY
TSUNAMI
HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
(1600-2006)
ACTIVE FAULTS IN THE
PHILIPPINE ISLAND

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There is a large inventory of buildings within 0-10 km of
the many major faults capable of generating M>7.2
earthquakes.

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 THE SWAYING AND TWISTING OF
BUILDING.
 TIME IT TAKES SEISMIC WAVES TO

TRAVEL FROM THE FOUNDATION TO THE
ROOF. AND FOR THE EXCEEDANCE OF
BUILDING’S SEISMIC DESIGN CAPACITY.
 HOW THE FRAME OF THE BUILDINGS

CHANGED DURING THE EARTHQUAKE.
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After a major earthquake it is imperative to monitor the condition of buildings
in near-real time in order to be able to assess their structural integrity
immediately. Structural health monitoring is achieved by the array of sensors
in the building and an open-source on-site data analysis system. This
innovative system provides information about how buildings move and distort
during shaking and where possible damage likely occurred. Several
independent algorithms check for variations in movements of a building frame
and its vibration characteristics, If the damage detection algorithms agree,
alarm messages are sent .
This information allows rapid assessment of building safety in the aftermath of
a major quake and supports decisions about necessary repairs, replacements,
and other maintenance and rehabilitation measures. In the long run, this
system also monitors the building’s structural components for indications of
deterioration and fatigue, enabling the building to be made more resilient and
sustainable through improved maintenance. Recordings from structural-health
monitoring systems are critical to designing buildings and to preventing loss of
life.
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IN PARTICULAR it will help Engineers :
 Improve earthquake-resistant design provisions of
building codes.
 Understand how damage to structural and nonstructural

components (such as equipment and pipes etc.) occurs
from strong shaking,
 Evaluate and improve earthquake-resistant design

techniques and also methods for predicting the seismic
performance of structures, and
 Assess building safety immediately following a

damaging quake,

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SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION OF
BUILDINGS PER NSCP 2010.

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= 8 Km/sec
= 4 km/sec

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

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What is the difference between a seismograph and
an accelerograph? Which one is used for
structural monitoring and which is for
earthquake detection?
 A seismograph is a generic term used to describe a recording device

that detects ground motion due to earthquake. Typically this will
comprise a recorder and a seismometer, which is a sensor that
detects the velocity of the ground. Seismometers are usually very
sensitive and will easily detect a typical quarry blast at a range of
100km.
 An accelerograph is recorder that uses an accelerometer, which as

you can tell from the name detects the acceleration of the ground.
Accelerometers are much less sensitive than seismometers, but have
a much greater range, detecting ±2g or more of ground acceleration
(things start flying off the ground at 1g, when gravity is overcome).
By comparison a seismometer will clip at full scale if you tap it too hard
with your finger.

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Introduction
Installation of earthquake recording
instrumentation in the
National Structural Code of the Philippines [NSCP]
first appeared in NSCP 1992. “Every building &
over 14 storey's in height is recommended to be
provided with no less than 3 approved recording
accelerographs. The instruments shall be located
in the basement, midpoint and near the top of the
building.” At this period, structural engineers were
only interested in the strength design capacity of
the buildings. This provision in the Code was
never implemented except for the nuclear power
plant in Bataan which has these instruments.
In the NSCP 2001, the provision stated that “

Unless waived by the building official, every
building in Seismic Zone 4 over six stories in
height with an aggregate area of 5500 square
meters or more, and every building over ten
storey's in height regardless of floor area, shall be
provided with not less than three approved
recording accelerographs.
The accelerographs shall be interconnected for

common start and common timing.” Code
developers started to recognize the importance of
strength but serviceability as well. The
experiences from the 1994 Northridge and the
1995 Kobe earthquakes gave credence to these
considerations. But still the placement of
instrumentation to the buildings was not given
that importance due to the reliance of the Code
makers to the researches done in the United
States and Japan. ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 55
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NSCP 2010 EXCERPT SAYS
The NSCP 2010 states “Unless
waived by the building official,
every building in Seismic Zone 4
over 50 m in height shall be
provided with not less than three
approved recording
accelerographs.
The accelerographs shall be
interconnected for common start
and common timing.” The Code
developers feel that the
Philippines need to have its own
sets earthquake records in order
to have a degree of confidence
in the seismic parameters being
used in its seismic load
provisions.

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SEIsMIC INSTRUMENTATION OF STRUCTURES
EARTHQUAKE RECORDING INSTRUMENT (ERI)

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The main objective of seismic Instrumentation
program for structural system is to Improve our
understanding of the behavior and potential for
damage of structures under the dynamic loads of
earthquakes. This will be achieved through the
development of integrated network that
measures the earthquake source, transmitted
ground motions, and structural response.
These measurements will be correlated with
observation of structural performance to evaluate
the current design and construction practices in
order to minimize damage to buildings during
future earthquakes.
ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES
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Table 1. SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
TYPE/HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS LOCATION REQUIREMENTS
GOVERNMENT
BUILDINGS At least 3 accelerographs located
at: ERI in compliance
A. Hospitals, schools and other 1. Ground floor/lowest with the IRR
buildings above fifty (50) meters in basement;
height. 2. Middle Floor, and
3. Floor below roof
B. Hospitals with fifty (50) bed One accelerograph installed at ERI in compliance
capacity or more and schools with Ground Floor/Lowest Basement with the IRR
twenty (20) classrooms or more but
not less than three (3) storeys
C. Provincial/ City/ One accelerograph installed at ERI in compliance

Municipal Halls and Buildings the Ground Floor/Lowest with the IRR
Basement

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Table 1. SEISMIC INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
TYPE/HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS LOCATION REQUIREMENTS
PRIVATE
BUILDINGS At least 3 accelerographs located:
1. Ground floor/Lowest Basement
ERI in compliance with the IRR
2. Middle floor, and

A. Buildings above fifty (50) meters in 3. Floor below Roof
height.
B. Hospitals with fifty (50) bed capacity One accelerograph installed at the ERI in compliance with the IRR
or more and schools with twenty (20) ground.
classrooms or more but not less than 3
storeys.
C. Commercial Buildings with One accelerograph installed at the ERI in compliance with the IRR
occupancy of at least 1,000 persons or ground floor/lowest basement.
gross floor area of at least 10,000
square meters
D. Industrial Buildings with occupancy One accelerograph installed at the ERI in compliance with the IRR
of at least 1,000 persons and gross ground floor/lowest basement.
floor area of at least 10,000 sq m

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(ERI) EARTHQUAKE RECORDING INSTRUMENTS
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BLUE PRINT OF THE AS-BUILT PLANS OF THE BUILDINGS

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STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATION/COMPUTATION ANALYSIS
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•Determination
of dynamic
characteristics
of structural
systems is
important in
assessing their
vulnerability
and in
developing
procedures to
analyses and
design future
structures. The
data recorded
from
instrumented
structures is
used to
determine
structural
characteristics.
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COMPREHENSIVE SOIL TEST AND REPORT 73
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IRR ARTICLE IV PAR. 2
E.R.I. REQUIREMENTS
SAYS

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INSTRUMENTATION OF ARTICLE IV PAR.2 E.R.I.
BUILDINGS REQUIREMENTS
No. Compliance list

All owners of existing buildings listed in Table 1 shall provide
25 accessible seismic instrumentation room for the installation of
appropriate earthquake recording instruments.
Location of said instrument shall be determined by a
 26
Civil/Structural Engineer.
For proposed building, the Civil/Structural Engineer shall include
the layout, installation requirements, and location of the
 27 instrumentation in the structural plan submitted for building
permit purposes.
The actual installation of the instruments shall be under the

 28 supervision of the Certified Civil/Structural Engineer, verified and
confirmed by the Building Official.

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The overall mass and
stiffness of a structure
is considered

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LUMPED MASS
INTO SDOF

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10 mm
TOP
10 mm
NTH FLOOR
MID
10 mm
GRND
x Y 10 mm
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TOP BELOW ROOF DECK
MID LEVEL
@ Nth floor
Z
Ht. Calculated by locating the
Center MASS & RIGIDITY thru
Finite Element Modelling
BASEMENT LEVEL
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METHODOLOGY APPROACH: As expected in most tall
buildings, higher modes are
excited. Higher modes play
an important role in the
response of building
structures and therefore
must be carefully evaluated
to assess their future
performances. Drift ratios
calculated from observed
data in certain cases exceed
code drift limitations for part
or all of the structural
systems. Assessing the drift
exposure of structural
systems are ever more
z important since the
design/analyses of buildings
are recently being shifted
towards a performance
based design procedure.
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MULTIPLE BUILDINGS I.R.R SAYS
For clustered buildings with completely similar design and construction,
it should follow theERI
same requirements
-02 PROCEDURES for a single
IN INSTRUMENTING building.
BUILDING STRUCTURES 90
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COORDINATES

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LONGITUDE
LATITUDE

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LONG DIRECTION AXIS OF BUILDINGS
MAGNETIC NORTH ORIENTATION
ANGLE IN DEGREES

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PER I.R.R. VI LOCATION & INSTALLATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS

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6.38 deg.
N 6.38 W deg.
6.38 deg.
6.38 deg
ALLOW.= 6.38 + 0.5 = 6.88 DEG.

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L
A
AAZIMUTH NORTH
L
ANGLE
B
1.MEASURE EQUAL OFFSET DISTANCE
2.STATION INSTRUMENT @ B
3. ORIENT COMPASS @ NORTH THEN TARGET POINT A.

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ARTICLE IV PAR.1 E.R.I. GENERAL
Location and Installation of
the instrument per IRR
No. Compliance list

The instrument shall be located so that access by qualified
74 technical Y
X personnel is maintained at all times and is unobstructed
by room contents.
A sign stating “MAINTAIN CLEAR ACCESS TO THIS INSTRUMENT”
75
shall be posted in a conspicuous location.
76 No instrument shall be located in refuge area.
The preferred locations of the instruments are in small, seldom
used rooms or closets near a column(in a vertically-aligned stack)
77
with adequate space to securely mount the instrument an
approved protective enclosure attached securely to the floor.
The location shall be marked on theASsubmitted
LONG AS structural
IT FALLSad WITHIN THE
78
architectural floor plans and properly
CM.approved.
& CR PRECISELY.
For buildings with 3 or more accelerographs, the instruments shall
79 be located in the ground floor/lowest
Z basement, middle floor, and
floor below the roof.
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WITH NEW GENERATION OF ACCELEROGRPAH THIS NO LONGER AN ISSUE.

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ac·cel·er·a·tion
[ak-sel-uh-rey-shuhn .noun
1.the act of accelerating; increase of speed or velocity.
2.a change in velocity.
3.Mechanics . the time rate of change of velocity with respect
to magnitude or direction; the derivative of velocity with respect to time.
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WHAT ENGINEERS NEED ARE THE DATA :
Not in a thermal paper output it should be in a
numerical format data accelerograph output
For the use in mathematical modeling of the bldg.
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REFERENCE AXIS
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The methods used in studying structural response
records are quite diverse time history

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If physically feasible, it is advisable to
include into the instrumentation scheme, a
building specific free-field station.
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This is due to the desire that
motions recorded by a free-field
station should not be influenced by
the shaking of the buildings. As can
be expected, in urban areas, this
may be a problem due to the
density of built facilities.
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Such a free-field station is usually deployed at a
distance greater than 1.5-2 times the height of
the nearest/tallest building.
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In general, free-field and ground-level motions
should be known in order to quantify the
interaction of soil and structure.
However, data recorded at building specific

free-field stations can be used to augment data
bases used for structural response studies as
well as ground motion studies including
development of attenuation relationships and
quantification of site response transfer functions
and characteristics.
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M. 6.4

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Distribution of stations in the Taiwan Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP). The solid
triangular symbols represent strong-motion stations. Underlying base map is a shaded DEM image
of Taiwan. Red lines show ERI active faults inINTaiwan.
-02 PROCEDURES Elevations
INSTRUMENTING also indicated by different colors .
are STRUCTURES
BUILDING 126
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Station FileName LR Model
Code RecLen
Pre_evt (sec) P-res SC (sec) Lat (deg N) Long (deg E) Elev (km)
(sec)
CHY093 51226300.qmx C093 241.00 9.0 -0.480 E 23.6538 120.1472 0.003 C IDSA
ILA049 QT311000.263 I049 87.00 5.7 1.528 D 24.7655 121.7480 0.007 V A900A
KAU001 49726300.qmx K001 101.00 11.8 0.489 D 23.1618 120.6355 0.365 C IDSA
KAU011 QT250000.263 K011 138.00 9.4 1.033 E 22.7613 120.2558 0.010 C A900
TAP006 99826300.qmx P006 115.00 0.6 0.173 E 25.0947 121.5093 0.005 VC ETNA
TAP012 A0526300.qmx P012 127.00 6.9 -0.015 E 25.0563 121.5078 0.050 VC ETNA
TAP020 A0226300.qmx P020 146.00 7.8 0.008 E 25.0388 121.5263 0.015 VC ETNA
TAP021 F8026300.qmx P021 144.00 9.4 -0.455 E 25.0378 121.5432 0.020 VC ETNA
TAP028 F7626300.qmx P028 108.00 6.1 -0.009 D 25.0045 121.5073 0.010 V ETNA
TAP032 QT094000.263 P032 116.00 8.7 1.810 D 25.0007 121.4748 0.030 A900
TAP042 QT008000.263 P042 90.00 7.0 2.426 D 25.1255 121.4532 0.005 A900
TAP049 QT071000.263 P049 90.00 2.554 D 25.1480 121.4365 0.090 C A900

TAP051 QT007000.263 P051 90.00 6.8 2.676 B 25.1008 121.4403 0.015 C A900
TAP078 43326300.qmx P078 83.00 1.906 B 25.0354 121.8595 0.100 VC IDSA
TAP088 F7426300.qmx P088 144.00 10.6 -0.494 D 25.0385 121.5762 0.020 VC ETNA
TAP089 99426300.qmx P089 97.00 5.4 -0.445 D 25.0270 121.5595 0.001 VC ETNA
TAP094 F7026300.qmx P094 118.00 1.1 -0.829 D 25.1410 121.4758 0.020 C ETNA
TAP098 F8226300.qmx P098 112.00 4.0 -0.810 C 25.1030 121.5395 0.130 V ETNA
TAP104 98426300.qmx P104 92.00 3.0 1.120 B 25.1580 121.7202 0.060 ETNA
TCU015 QT088000.263 T015 150.00 13.9 0.622 C 24.7572 120.9345 0.051 VC A900
TCU017 QT058000.263 T017 90.00 12.0 1.143 ? 24.7808 121.0068 0.102 VC A900
TCU018 QT009000.263 T018 76.00 0.2 3.498 C 24.8800 121.0535 0.100 C A900
TCU026 QT101000.263 T026 90.00 10.5 0.518 D 24.7757 121.0750 0.110 C A900
TCU033 QT186000.263 T033 166.00 13.5 0.615 D 24.6855 120.8623 0.005 C A900
TCU034 QT217000.263 T034 162.00 12.7 0.733 C 24.6390 120.8568 0.010 C A900
TCU045 QT156000.263 T045 90.00 14.7 0.293 C 24.5412 120.9137 0.210 VC A900
TCU047 QT105000.263 T047 180.00 14.5 0.700 C 24.6188 120.9387 0.023 VC A900
TCU072 QT209000.263 T072 160.00 18.6 0.040 D 24.0407 120.8488 0.363 VC A900
TCU074 QT202000.263 T074 160.00 18.3 -0.090 D 23.9622 120.9618 0.450 VC A900
TCU075 QT173000.263 T075 160.00 18.6 0.471 D 23.9827 120.6778 0.096 VC A900
TCU078 QT020000.263 T078 160.00 18.3 -0.096 D 23.8120 120.8455 0.272 VC A900
TCU079 QT121000.263 T079 160.00 18.7 -0.066 D 23.8395 120.8942 0.681 VC A900
TCU081 QT367000.263 T081 90.00 9.0 1.898 D 24.8022 120.9695 0.034 A900A
TCU084 QT448000.263 T084 160.00 18.8 -0.019 ? 23.8830 120.8998 1.015 V A900A
TCU089 QT351000.263 T089 160.00 18.3 -0.099 C 23.9037 120.8565 0.020 V A900A
TCU094 QT012000.263 T094 90.00 10.2 0.438 C 24.7695 121.0488 0.118 C A900
TCU129 QT436000.263 T129 160.00 18.5 0.469 D 23.8783 120.6843 0.110 VC A900A

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NOTES:
Station: Accelerograph's station name (up to 6-characters).
Filename: Name of the processed strong-motion data file for the main shock.
Code: Accelerograph's station code (up to 4 characters
RecLen: Record length of the processed strong-motion data file in seconds.
Pre_evt: Pre_event window length in seconds for the DC-offset correction.
(Available pre-event data is (Pre_evt+2) seconds in length.)
P-res: P-residue in seconds computed in the mainshock hypocenter solution.
(P-res = Observed P_travel time - Calculated P_travel time.)
SC: Site Class according to the suggested value by C. T. Lee (2001).
(Site classes B, C, D, and E are comparable to S_B, S_C, S_D, and S_E
of the 1997 UBC provisions.)
Lat: Station latitude in degrees North.
Long: Station longitude in degrees East.
Elev: Station elevation in kilometers.
LR: Station location remark -- V=verified; C=confirmed;
Model: Instrument model of the accelerograph.

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REFERENCES
Chiu, H. C.,1998: Analysis of near-source strong motion recording on the June 5, 1994 NanAo
Earthquake., Symposium on the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, 131-140 (in Chinese).
Chiu, J. M., M. J. Huang, W. H. K. Lee, C. C. Liu, S. T. Mau, T. C. Shin, T. L. Teng, Y. B. Tsai, F. T. Wu, C.
H. Yeh, and Y. T. Yeh, 1993: Report of Technical Evaluations of Free-field Accelerographs and Strong-
motion Structural Array Systems.
International Conference of Building Officials, 1994: Uniform Building Code, International Conference of
Building Officials, Whittier, California.
Kuo, K. W., 1992: The geological character of the CWB Strong Motion Network-Taipei area (in Chinese).
Central Weather Bureau Open-file Report.
Kuo, K. W., 1993: The geological character of the CWB Strong Motion Network-Taoyuan Hsinchu and
Miaoli area (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau Open-file Report.
Kuo, K. W., 1994: The geological character of the CWB Strong Motion-Network Chianan area (in
Chinese). Central Weather Bureau Open-file Report.
Liu, K. S., T. C. Shin, W. H. K. Lee, and Y. B. Tsai, 1993: Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program-
The characteristics comparison of free-field accelerographs (in Chinese). Meteorological J. of the Central
Weather Bureau, 39, 132-150.
Shin,T. C.,1993:Progress summary of the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, Symposium
on theTaiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, 1-10 (in Chinese).
Teledyne Geotech,1994: Accelocorder III / A-900A Operation and Maintenance Manual.
Teng T. L., M. Hsu, W. H. K.Lee, Y. B. Tsai, F. T. Wu, Y. T. Yeh, and G. Liu, 1994: Annual Report to the
Central Weather Bureau on Earthquake Early Warning System and Implementation of the Strong Motion
Instrumentation Program.
Terra Technology Corp., 1994: IDS-3602A 16-Bit Digital Seismograph.

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Within vulnerability assessment, we have to deal with
questions on, for example, ageing, structural design, quality
of materials and the building state. Knowing the dynamic
parameters of a structure (e.g. a building or a bridge) may be
useful:
(1) to calibrate its elastic properties for numerical modelling,
(2) to detect the modification of its behavior after retrofitting or damage,
(3) to predict its behavior under earthquakes.

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A PROJECT PLAN
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EQUIPTMENT
2 LONG STROKES
APS DYNAMIC
SHAKER
AND AN
ACCELEROMETER
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
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ACELLEROMETERS
A sensor is a transducer
whose purpose is to sense
(i.e. detect) some
characteristic of its
environs;
SHAKERS
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Dynamic analysis for simple structures can be carried out manually,
but for complex structures finite element analysis can be used to calculate
the mode shapes and frequencies.

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The main advantage of FVT is the fact that this method provides
"scaled" results. Because the input force is measured,
information on the mass and stiffness matrices of the structure is
gathered. This allows automated updating of FE models. Model
updating using the results of an AVT investigation is possible
with manual techniques only.

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Ambient vibrations provide information about the
modal parameters of a structure that we can extract
using Modal Analysis methods
Techniques using ambient vibration recordings is to

complement and improve seismic vulnerability
investigations of existing buildings. Ambient
vibrations recorded in buildings are processed for
estimating the dynamic parameters of the building
based on modal parameter estimates

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EQUIPTMENT
Modern day modal analysis systems are composed of
1)sensors such as transducers (typically accelerometers, load cells), or non
contact via a Laser vibrometer, Or stereophotogrammetric cameras
2) data acquisition system and an analog-to-digital converter frontend (to

digitize analog instrumentation signals) and
3) host PC (personal computer) to view the data and analyze it.

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CONCLUSIONS
Natural frequencies and modes of vibrations of Building can be determined
experimentally and analytically. This case study shows that is it possible to
accomplish an effective model updating of a large civil engineering structure using the
results from an Output-Only Modal Identification analysis. The use of an automatic
model-updating tool greatly facilitates determining which are the model parameters
that can be modified in order to achieve a good correlation between experimental and
analytical results. But at the end of a model updating exercise it is up to the analyst to
accept the changes suggested by the modal updating program and to justify how
realistic are the changes to be done.
Dynamic analysis can be used to find dynamic

displacements, time history, and modal analysis
In structural engineering, modal analysis uses the overall mass and stiffness of a
structure to find the various periods at which it will naturally resonate. These periods of
vibration are very important to note in earthquake engineering, as it is imperative that
a building's natural frequency does not match the frequency of expected earthquakes
in the region in which the building is to be constructed. If a structure's natural
frequency matches an earthquake's frequency[citation needed], the structure may continue
to resonate and experience structural damage.
Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) is a method working completely in the time domain

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FREQUENCY=1.235 Hz
DAMPING = 1.984 %
FREQUENCY=1.232Hz
DAMPING =1.810 %

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The main advantage of AVT is the fact that no artificial excitation
is necessary. This makes such tests comparatively cheap. In
addition, AVT investigations can be performed without
embarrassing the normal user.
Because of its low cost and the efficiency of operational modal
analysis, the ambient vibration method is well adapted to large-
scale analysis for which a large set of buildings has to be
analyzed.
This choice can be made in a much more reliable way when

based on the results of a preliminary Finite Element analysis of
the structure.
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5. Conclusions
Herein we demonstrated the utility of a set of simple techniques using ambient vibration recordings
to complement seismic vulnerability assessment investigations of existing buildings. Decomposing
the motion of a building into simple modes (bending and torsion) is the first step in the assessment
of its behavior under an earthquake we computed.
, therefore,
the modal parameters using the FDD methodFDD (Frequency Domain Decomposition), which is
easy to perform and reliable even in case of close modes. The experiments showed that the FDD
is able to extract reliable information (frequency, modal shapes and eventually damping) even if
the basic assumption of white noise is not fulfilled. The values of the measured frequencies are
directly linked to the stiffness of the building so that we can assess the average stiffness ratio
between the longitudinal and the transverse directions. For vulnerability assessment this is not
sufficient so we used a simple lumped-mass model with an assumption on the stiffness matrix
(shear beam) in order to calculate the stiffness at each story. The choice of this stiffness model is
based on the sequence of the resonance frequencies of the studied building. The inversion of the
stiffness matrix is analytical in this case and two modes are practically needed for a reliable
stiffness determination. Having the stiffness at each story, we can identify soft stories or bad
structural configurations, which increase the vulnerability of the building to earthquakes. We
showed, for example, that the studied building displayed an irregularity in the third story, which
makes it more vulnerable to earthquakes than other buildings of the same type. The presented
method is therefore able to identify the most vulnerable buildings within a building class. The
modal model, free of any assumptions on the stiffness behavior of the building, allows the
computation of its elastic motion subjected to weak to moderate earthquakes and then the inter-
story drift. Using directly this drift or by applying the integrity threshold concept developed by
Boutin et al. [9] for reinforced concrete, one can decide whether the building reaches the inelastic
range, i.e. the beginning of permanent damage. Several earthquake scenarios can also be applied
in order to identify for what acceleration levels the building stays within its elastic domain

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UTILIZATION OF DATA FROM INSTRUMENTED
STRUCTURES: to time history, response spectrum or modal analyses)
Mathematical modeling (finite element models subjected

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PGA = 0.3569 g ; Duration = 53.72 sec

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LONGITUDE
LATITUDE

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COORDINATES

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Mathematical modeling (finite element
models subjected to time history, response
spectrum or modal analyses);
System identification techniques;
Spectral analyses: response spectra, Fourier

amplitude spectra;
•. ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 170

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Ground acceleration values derived from other
countries are useful as long as the fault
characteristics are studied for proper evaluation.
Great care and understanding of
the principles affecting the modeling and
implementation of spectral map should be
observed. It may give a wrong sense of safety
and security to the structural engineers unless
the assumptions are made clear and the data are
sufficient enough to justify such detailed mapping.

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The stability of structures during
earthquake events is characterized by
proper seismic parameters such as the
effective ground acceleration values.
Corollary to this is the critical role of the
material properties, the detailing for
ductility, and the design for redundancy
on the safety of the structure.

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Simple procedures based on principles of structural
engineering science is telling us to shift to now so called

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4. RETROFITTING
1.INSTRUMENTATION
UPGRADE/ REPAIR
ACCELEROGRAPH
3. CHECK
PERFORMANCE
OF THE 2. RAPID
STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT
ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES FEMA STANDARD 176
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THEREFORE:
Studying response records from

instrumented structures provides a means
to identify the performance problems of
the structures and therefore devise and
select the best possible retrofit and/or
upgrade system.

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BRB VISCOUS DAMPERS
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VERTICAL DAMPERS
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186
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728 tonsTUNED MASS DAMPERS
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PASS OR
NEED FOR A
BY-PASS
OPERATION

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BUILDING OK /
OR NEEDS
RETROFITTING
INTERPRETATION
ACCELEROGRAPH RECORD
STRUCTURAL CONSULTANT
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Time to Brush
up your skills

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Real-time Structural Health Monitoring Session_Part 1 Dr. Farzad Naeim.mp4

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APS Dynamics 2008, Dynamic ElectroSeis shaker Model 400, Inc. http://www.apsdynamics.com/
Beck, J.L., P. C. Jennings. 1980. Structural identification using linear models and earthquake records.
Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 8(2): 145-160.
Causevic, M. S. 1987. Mathematical modelling and full-scale forced vibration testing of a reinforced
concrete structure. Engineering Structures 9(1): 2-8.
Chen, X. and N. Zhou 2007. Equivalent static wind loads on low-rise buildings based on full-scale
pressure measurements. Engineering Structures 29(10): 2563-2575.
De Sortis, A., et al. 2005. Dynamic identification of a masonry building using forced vibration tests.
Engineering Structures 27(2): 155-165.
Ellis, B. R. 1996. Full-scale measurements of the dynamic characteristics of buildings in the UK. Journal
of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 59(2-3): 365-382.
Ivanovic, S. S., et al. 2000. Ambient vibration tests of a seven-story reinforced concrete building in Van
Nuys, California, damaged by the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering 19(6): 391-411.
Li, Q. S., et al. 2004. Full-scale measurements and numerical evaluation of wind-induced vibration of a
63-story reinforced concrete tall building. Engineering Structures 26(12): 1779-1794.
Mathworks, 2005. MATLAB Data Acquisition Toolbox 2.1 NZS 1964, New Zealand Building Code NZS
1900
Okada, H. and Y.-C. Ha 1992. Comparison of wind tunnel and full-scale pressure measurement tests on
the Texas Tech Building. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 43(1-3): 1601-1612.
Salawu, O. S. and C. Williams 1995. Review of full-scale dynamic testing of bridge structures.
Engineering Structures 17(2): 113-121.
Skolnik, D., et al. 2006. Identification, Model Updating, and Response Prediction of an Instrumented 15-
Story Steel-Frame Building. Earthquake Spectra 22(3): 781-802.
Ventura, C. E., et al. 2003. Dynamic characteristics of a base isolated building from ambient vibration
measurements and low level earthquake shaking. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 23(4): 313-
322.

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MEMBER
CELL: 0927-465-1647 LLNE: (02) 861-1922

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PRESENTED By:

Engr. REYNALDO A. FLORDELIZA ASCE PE Ph/M. ASEP

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 1

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 4

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 10

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 12

ground shaking SOURCE

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES M 7.5 20

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 21

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 22

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 23

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 24

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 25

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 26

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 27

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 29

MUNTINLUPA MUNICIPAL HALL IS TRANSECTED BY VALLEY FAULT

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 38

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 42

 TIME IT TAKES SEISMIC WAVES TO

 HOW THE FRAME OF THE BUILDINGS

 Understand how damage to structural and nonstructural

 Evaluate and improve earthquake-resistant design

 Assess building safety immediately following a

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 46

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 49

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 50

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 52

 A seismograph is a generic term used to describe a recording device

 An accelerograph is recorder that uses an accelerometer, which as

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 53

In the NSCP 2001, the provision stated that “

The accelerographs shall be interconnected for

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 57

EARTHQUAKE RECORDING INSTRUMENT (ERI)

C. Provincial/ City/ One accelerograph installed at ERI in compliance

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 62

2. Middle floor, and

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 63

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 69

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 76

No. Compliance list

The actual installation of the instruments shall be under the

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 77

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 81

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 83

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 93

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 94

MAGNETIC NORTH ORIENTATION

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 95

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 97

ALLOW.= 6.38 + 0.5 = 6.88 DEG.

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 100

3. ORIENT COMPASS @ NORTH THEN TARGET POINT A.

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 101

No. Compliance list

ERI -02 PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTING BUILDING STRUCTURES 106