440 271101202 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6: MATRICES & SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

Cn y z
matrices 6.2 System of Linear Equations: Matrices
Difference between system of equation, coefficient matrix and
Gaussian
eliminationaugmented matrix. Inverse Gaussian Gauss
nethod System of equation gCoefficient matrix p
Augmented matrix Jordan
Gauss 2 +3 =4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
2 + 4 =3 = 2 1 4 2 1 4 3
Jordan 3 +4 = 2 3 4 1 3 4 1 2
elimination

Inverse Solving system of linear equation with 3 variables ( , , )

hethod
(a) Elimination method
x
(b) Substitution Method
x
(c) Matrices/Elementary row operation:
(i) Gaussian elimination method (echelon form)
(ii) Gauss Jordan method (reduced echelon form) elementary
row
(iii) Inverse method
operations
ERO
Elementary row operation (ERO)
For all 3 methods
Interchange row and .
Multiply row by .
+ Add times row to row .

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 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

(i) Gaussian elimination method (echelon form)

Steps:
Make sure is 1. Can interchange row or divide to make it equal
1(not advise). Ria Rj

II Is
Change both & to 0.
2n t y 42 3
Change both & to 1.
Change to 0.
Change to 1.
( , , ).
(Augmented matrix) (echelon form)

1
2 1
2
I 3 4
4 3 ERO
1
0 1 4 echelon form
3 4 1 2 0 0 1
below 1 s
o
Back substitution

( , , )

Example : Gaussian elimination method (Echelon form)

Given a system of equations
2 +3 =4 Oh ty 42 3
2y 327
2 + 4 =3 n
3 +4 = 2
In thy Z
(a) Write the system in augmented matrix
(b) Hence, use Gaussian elimination method to find the values of , , and .
echelon form
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g
 augmented matrix
g
I
34 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

3 4 I 2

b
1
t
2 3
I
r
rattan
rat
Rf
Bo
g
i
yo
s
41
g

i
1 2 3
rat
1 R2 0 1 2 44
1

rox R3 O 1 4 5

I 0 1 4 5 r

Y
o at'd i i'j y't
0 0 2 4 2
r c irate 0 0 4R

1 2 l
echelon fourI
o
rzx 123 0 0 1 2
Diagonal
Below Iis
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I zero
Back substitution
From row 2 2
From row I
y 27
2 1
Y 2
1
y 4
y 1 4
y 3
From row N t 32 4
Ly
N 263 362 4
N 6 6 4
2 4
The solution is C 4,312
ou

n 4 y 3 2 2
 Alternative method

a i3
2 1 4 3 Augmented notrix
3 4 i s

b 1 2 3 4
rate ar R 8 É 18 I
r3 3r R3 95 I 5 E
d
2 3 4

5 3 Er
u
Rs O
f0
O
5 10
20 40
5

d
2 3 4
ra x

rz x
R2 0
R3 0
fi 1
0
2

1 2
I echelon form
Gaussian
 Back substitution
From row 30 7 2

From row y 22 I
Y 2 2 1

Y 4 1

y 1 4
3
From row n
ay 32 4
N 2C3 3627 4
N G 6 4
N 4

The solution is C4 3 2
 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

Try solve using Gaussian Elimination method

echelon form

t z 4 y I
T
2 2
n t y 4
3 t z 10
3y
O 2 I 4
l 0 4 augmented matrix
3 3 I 10
d

g 0 2
It
I 4

Li O l 2
r
far R3 O
I
1 I 0 4
2140 I 42 2
form
82
4 O 1 a
echelon
R O
rz x i Gaussian
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 Back Substitution
From Row 2 2

From Row 2
y 422
y 2
4262
1 2
Y t

y I
Fron Row n t y 4
n I 4
n 3

The solution is 3 1,2

 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

Gaussian echelon for

d form)
(ii) Gauss Jordan Elimination Method (reduced echelon
if it
Steps:
Apply ERO
C
Change & to 0.
Change to 0.

(Augmented matrix) (reduced echelon form)

1
2 1
2
t 3 4
4 3
ERO 1 0 0
0 1 0 Below above
3 4 1 2 0 0 1 1 is O
Direct answer for ( , , )

Jordan
Example tucechelon
: Gaussian elimination method (Echelon form)
form

Given a system of equations

2 +3 =4
2 + 4 =3
3 +4 = 2
(a) Write the system in augmented matrix
(b) Hence, use Gauss Jordan elimination method to find the values of
, , and .

1
Augmented matrix
o I

reduced echelon form

1 is 0
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above below
 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

Solution:
X3 x 3 x3 3
a

I 3 4
t
i s

b
2 3

rat C an

rz t 3r
Ra
R3 0fJ
x5
s
2
5
1
48
8
45
I's
10
47
x's

4
5
0 5 31
to

p 0 20 40
star
I
I 2 3

ra x
f Ra o i s I here Continue with
Rs 8 I back substitution
rz x
3 4 r

I 1 2

r C3 0 2 É O I I
y 1 2 O Z R

O 1 2 1 ra

12
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0 I 0 3 Ra
 I d d
ri t 212 R I 0 0 4
I 2 0 2
rid 0 I 0 3 reduced echelon
i 3 re o o s form Direct
R answer
I 0 0 44

i The solution is n 4 3 Z 3
y
or

C4 312
 MAT0114-CHAPTER 6

Try e-workbook tutorial 3, no 7 (c)

Use Gaussian elimination to solve the system of equation.
3 + = 8
3 + = 2
2 + +4 = 2

Try : e-workbook tutorial 3, no 8

Given a system of equation.
2 5 + =3
2 3 4 = 2
+2 +4 = 3
Use Gauss Jordan elimination to find the values of , and .

Jt 440
27110720N

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