Dissertation Report - Snehal-Unlocked

RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT FOR
REJUVENATION OF NAG-RIVER, NAGPUR
A DISSERTATION
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree
of
MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE
By
SNEHAL S. TELTUMBADE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROORKEE
ROORKEE-247667 (INDIA)
JUNE, 2014
CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the dissertation,
entitled “ Riverfront Development for Rejuvenation of Nag-River, Nagpur” in
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of
Architecture, submitted to the Department of Architecture and Planning of
the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee is an authentic record of
my own work carried out during the period from July 2013 to June 2014, under
the supervision and guidance of Prof. Rita Ahuja, Department of Architecture
and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
The matter embodied in this dissertation has not been submitted by me for the
award of any other degree of this or any other institute.
Date:
Place: Roorkee Ms. Snehal S. Teltumbade
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate Ms. Snehal
S. Teltumbade is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Thesis supervisor:
Prof. Rita Ahuja
Department of Architecture and Planning
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India-247667
Date:
Place: Roorkee
CERTIFICATE
Certified that report entitled “Riverfront Development for Rejuvenation of

Nag-River, Nagpur” which has been submitted by Ms. Snehal S. Teltumbade,
for partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the post graduate
degree in Master of Architecture, in the Department of Architecture and
Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee is the student’s own
work carried out by her under my supervision and guidance. The matter
embodied in this dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any
other degree of this or any other institute.
Prof. Rita Ahuja

Department of Architecture and Planning
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India-247667
Date:
Place: Roorkee
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the Indian Institute of Technology,

Roorkee for having given me an opportunity to pursue the master degree of
architecture.
I am deeply and sincerely indebted to my guide and advisor Prof. Rita Ahuja, for
her excellence guidance, valuable suggestion, encouragement, motivation and
support during the entire duration of this work. Without her guidance, I would
have been unable to complete my work in time.
I am grateful to Dr. Pushplata, H.O.D., Architecture and Planning, for proving me
the necessary facilities for my work.
I extend my sincere thanks to, Prof. S. Y. Kulkarni, Prof. Bakde, Prof. Sonkusre and
all the faculty members for their help and guidance.
I convey my sincere gratitude to all organizations that helped me for collecting
the information for my thesis.
I would like to express my thanks to all my close and dear friends, especially
Betty and Radhey krishan for their support, love and making my stay at IIT,
Roorkee a pleasurable and memorable experience. These two years at IIT
Roorkee would have been a drag without you two. I will forever cherish the time
spent with you.
I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my parents, my brother and relatives for
their love and support.
Lastly, I am grateful to the Almighty who made this possible.
Snehal s. Teltumbade
Date: 16 June 2014

ABSTRACT:
Water bodies are the precious commodity for the survival of the human. All the
necessities of life which humans needs are dependent on availability of water
and therefore water bodies became the important location for human
settlements. Riverfront cities have historically emerged through conditions
developed by mutuality between land and water. But in today’s scenario the
relationship between water and land has become less apparent.
Rapid urban developments have replaced ecological components. This process

lead to the problems such as loss of natural breathing spaces, imbalanced urban
ecosystem, changes in the micro-climate. One possible way to balance the
present haphazard development is to look back and conserve the existing natural
areas within the urban area.
The same case is with Nagpur; due to urbanisation the city has lost its natural
water bodies. Nag-river has been taken as a case study which has lots of
potentiality to develop in terms of recreational riverfront. Nag-river is the oldest
river of the city due to which it has the heritage value.
This thesis aims to discuss the potentiality of river to create the vibrant public
open space for recreation in the Nagpur city by developing its riverfront and to
explore the reintegration of a city with its riverfront through the buildings of
public space and access. Riverfront design and redevelopment is currently a civic
interest which consists of both challenges as well as opportunities.
The goal of this study is to create good quality of recreational spaces along the
riverfront of the Nag-river and connect them with the various destinations.
This report will take a macro level study on the entire riverfront area.
Riverfront Development for Rejuvenation of Nag River, Nagpur
LIST OF CONTENTS
Certificate
Candidate’s Declaration
Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Proposals
CHAPTER Page No.
1.0 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………01-04
1.1 Identification of Problems 01
1.2 Need of the Project 02
1.3 Aim 02
1.4 Objective 02
1.5 Scope & Limitations 03
1.6 Methodology 03
2.0 CITY PROFILE – NAGPUR ……………………………………………..05-19
2.1 City Profile 05
2.1.1 Location 06
2.1.2 Physiographical Feature 07
2.1.3 Climate 07
2.1.4 Demographic Characteristic 08
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page i

2.2 Growth Pattern of the City 10
2.3 Land – Use map of Nagpur City 11
2.4 Physical Feature of the City 12
2.4.1 Water Bodies 14
2.4.2 River Lost in Nagpur 15
2.5 Nag – River 16
2.5.1 Origin of Nag River 17
2.5.2 River & Lakes are getting polluted due to 18
2.6 Inferences 19
3.0 LITERATURE STUDY...………………………………………………… 20-41
3.1 Introduction 20
3.2 Waterfront Development 20
3.2.1 Definitions 20
3.2.2 Phase of Waterfront Development 21
3.2.3 Types of Waterfront 26
3.2.4 Reasons for Waterfront Development 29
3.3 Urban Design Study 29
3.3.1 Image of the City 29
3.3.2 Elements of Urban Structure 30
3.3.3 Principles for a Sustainable Development of Urban Waterfront area 32
3.3.4 Criteria of Waterfront Recreation Space 33
3.4 Public Space 37
3.4.1 Characteristic of Public Spaces 38
3.4.2 Types of Public Spaces and their Role 39
3.4.3 Street Design 40
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page ii

3.4.4 How to turn the Waterfront as a Public Place 41
3.5 Inferences 41
4.0 CASE STUDIES …………………………………………………………... 42-62
4.1 Sabarmati Riverfront Development, Ahmadabad 42
4.2 Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded 48
4.3 Kuching Riverfront Sarawak, Malaysia 53
4.4 Thames Riverfront in Westminster and London 58
4.5 Inferences 62
5.0 STUDY AREA DELINEATION ….……………………………………… 63-80
5.1 Introduction 63
5.2 Physical Feature of the Nag River 64
5.3 Data Concerning Nag River 65
5.4 Criteria for Selection of Site 66
5.5 Study of Zones of Nag River 67
5.5.1 Zone – 3 68
5.5.2 Zone – 2 70
5.5.3 Zone – 1 (Study Area) 72
5.6 Site Features 74
5.6.1 Movement Network 74
5.6.2 Land – Use 75
5.6.3 Build Un-Build Ratio 76
5.7 Site Conditions 78
5.8 Issues & Problems 79
5.9 SWOT Analysis 79
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page iii

5.10 Inferences 80
6.0 RECOMMENDATION AND PROPOSAL ……………………………... 81-112
6.1 Vision and Concept 81
6.2 Steps of the Vision 82
6.3 Application of the Design Guidelines to Nag Riverfront 85
6.3.1 Recommendations on the basis of Urban Design 85
6.3.2 Environmental and Landscape Recommendation 87
6.3.3 Parks and Recreational Recommendation 87
6.3.4 Pollution Control Recommendation 87
6.3.5 Design Recommendation 88
6.4 Proposal 89
6.4.1 Proposed Activities 89
6.5 Design Approach 90
6.5.1 Section – 1 91
6.5.2 Section – 2 96
6.5.3 Section – 3 102
6.5.4 Section – 4 108
6.5.5 Conceptual Design of River Edge 110
6.5.6 Promenade Detail 112
6.5.7 River Sections 114
6.5.8 Proposed Riverfront Design for Study Area 115
CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………...117
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………........
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page iv

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page
Table 01 Nagpur City Population 08
Table 02 Nagpur Metropolitan Population 08
Table 03 Population growth of City 09
Table 04 Decadal Growth Rate 09
Table 05 Salient features of Nag River 65
Table 06 Flow in Nag River 65
Table 07 Problems and Strategies 82
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page v

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Description Page
Figure 01 Methodology for Riverfront Development 04
Figure 02 Location Map of Nagpur District 05
Figure 03 Nagpur District Map 06
Figure 04 Nagpur City Map 06
Figure 05 Nagpur Climate data 07
Figure 06 Nagpur – Before 1706 (Gond’s Rule) 10
Figure 07 Nagpur – 1706-1765 (Bhosle’s Rule) 10
Figure 08 Nagpur – 1765-1867 (British Rule) 10
Figure 09 Nagpur – 1867-1960 (Industrial Revolution) 10
Figure 10 Nagpur – After 1960 (Post Independence) 10
Figure 11 Land-use Map of Nagpur City 11
Figure 12 City Map 12
Figure 13 Road Network 12
Figure 14 Green Open Spaces 13
Figure 15 Water Bodies 13
Figure 16 Map of Water Bodies in Nagpur City 14
Figure 17 Author’s Photograph 15
Figure 18 Photograph: Nag – River Nagpur 16
Figure 19 Origin of Nag River 17
Figure 20 Water Bodies 17
Figure 21 Nag River: Pollution 19
Figure 22 Typical Growth pattern of Waterfront 21
Figure 23 Typical Pattern of Waterfront Development (Phase – I) 22
Figure 24 Typical Pattern of Waterfront Development (Phase –I I) 23
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page vi

Figure 25 Typical Pattern of Waterfront Development (Phase – III) 24
Figure 26 Typical Pattern of Waterfront Development (Phase – IV) 25
Figure 27 Commercial Waterfront 26
Figure 28 Residential Waterfront 26
Figure 29 Cultural Waterfront 27
Figure 30 Historic Waterfront 27
Figure 31 Recreational Waterfront 28
Figure 32 Image of the City 29
Figure 33 Buildings 30
Figure 34 Street Layout 30
Figure 35 Public Open Spaces 31
Figure 36 Transport 31
Figure 37 Landmarks 31
Figure 38 Public Space 37
Figure 39 Street view source: FPMCCann.co.uk 39
Figure 40 Square Amenities 39
Figure 41 Waterfront 39
Figure 42 Issues of Sabarmati River 43
Figure 43 River training and Land Reclamation 45
Figure 44 Ensuring clean water 45
Figure 45 Parks and Promenade Ghats 45
Figure 46 Land-use of Sabarmati Riverfront 46
Figure 47 Activities on Promenade 46
Figure 48 Vision of Sabarmati Development Project 47
Figure 49 Location map of Nanded City 48
Figure 50 Issues of Godavari Riverfront 49
Figure 51 Proposed land-use of Godavari Riverfront 50
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page vii

Figure 52 Temporary shade at the festive time 51
Figure 53 Sketch of proposal at Nanded 51
Figure 54 Proposal for Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded 52
Figure 55 Location of Kuching, Malaysia 53
Figure 56 Issues of Kuching Riverfront 53
Figure 57 Sketch of Sarawak River 54
Figure 58 Kuching Riverfront Development Promenade 55
Figure 59 Kuching Riverfront Development 56
Figure 60 Kuching Riverfront Activities 57
Figure 61 London Map 58
Figure 62 Westminster Map 58
Figure 63 River Thames 58
Figure 64 River Pollution 58
Figure 65 Westminster Google earth Image 60
Figure 66 Images of Thames Riverfront 61
Figure 67 Location Map of Nagpur City 63
Figure 68 Google Map of Nag River 64
Figure 69 Land-Use along Nag River 64
Figure 70 Map showing the full Stretch of the River Nag 66
Figure 71 Zoning map of Nagpur 67
Figure 72 Zoning of the site according to the site condition in various areas 67
Figure 73 Zone – 3, Land Use Distribution 68
Figure 74 Existing land use percentage at Zone-3 69
Figure 76 Existing Land Use percentages at Zone-2 71
Figure 78 Existing Land Use Percentages at Zone-1 73
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page viii

Figure 79 Movement network on Site 74
Figure 80 Existing conditions of roads along study area 75
Figure 81 Land Use map of Zone-1 75
Figure 82 Build Space 76
Figure 83 Open Space 76
Figure 84 Notified Green Spaces 77
Figure 85 Max. potential areas for riverfront development along Nag River 78
Figure 86 Existing Site Condition along Nag River 78
Figure 87 Issues and Problem of Nag River 79
Figure 88 Design Strategy – 1 82
Figure 94 Division of Site in Three Sections 90
Figure 95 Section – 1: Site Study 91
Figure 96 Section – 1: Google Earth Image 91
Figure 97 Section – 1: Existing Site Features 92
Figure 98 Section – 1: Potential areas for design 92
Figure 99 Section – 1: Proposed Activities 93
Figure 102 Section – 2: Existing Features 97
Figure 103 Section – 2: Potential areas for Design 97
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page ix

Figure 108 Section – 3: Potential Areas for Design 103
Figure 113 Section – 4: Potential Areas for Design 109
Figure 115 Concept Sketches 111
Figure 116 Proposed Promenade Plan 112
Figure 117 Proposed Sections 113
Figure 118 Proposed River Sections 114
Figure 119 Proposed Riverfront Design 115
Figure 120 Proposed Riverfront Design with Surrounding 116
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page x

LIST OF PROPOSALS
Proposal No. Description Page
Proposal 01 Section1-Plan of green area 94
Proposal 02 Section 1- Plan of Park 95
Proposal 03 Section 2-View of Riverfront Recreation Space 99
Proposal 04 Section 2- View of Riverfront Playground 100
Proposal 05 Section 2- View of Market Area 101
Proposal 06 Section 3- View of Proposed cultivated land 105
Proposal 07 Section 3- Plan of Open space and OAT 106
Proposal 08 Section 3- view of Riverfront Recreational Space 107
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-2014) Page xi

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Identification of Problem:
The presence day world is facing a number of problems which are of our own
creation and negligence. The environmental damages are caused by people,
mushroom like growth of industries creating lots of problem leads to the
depletion of the natural resources. Natural resources play vital role in making
our life easy and happy. The rivers are drying up because of depleting water
resources. The ground water levels along the river course are dropping at an
alarming state. Rivers that are flowing along the length and breadth of our
country makes the land fertile. Most of the modern rivers in India are severely
polluted due to the irresponsible attitude and mismanagement by the people.
Relationship of the people with the rivers, and with other kinds of water sources
is rapidly deteriorating owing to the fact that there is no direct dependence for
water supply on the local water sources.
Nag River and its tributaries, pora and pili river flow through the heart of Nagpur
city. The district being named on the basis of the nag river is itself a huge
testament to its remarkable significance in regional history. At the same time, the
entire nag-river serves as a biodiversity corridor meeting the larger kanhan river
further towards the east. The Nag River eco-system is under maximum stress. As
the river flows through the city, they are termed as nallahs and looked upon by
the citizen as no more than drainage channels. The one possible way to correct
this and save both, the city and the river is to turn the face of the city towards the
river.
Though the river is in a general state of neglect, it is a significant element flowing
through the heart of the city. It also offers the largest potential for open public
space within a city. The mix of land uses along the length of the river provides
many opportunities to introduce a variety of activities at various nodes. Areas
which are still being developed also have the potential for river front
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch, (2012-14) 1

development to be included right at the planning stage. These would bring the
river bank into the public domain and increase human interaction.
1.2 Need of the project:
• To rejuvenate the river by creating vibrant riverfront in the city.

• To develop city as a major commercial and service center with all
facilities.
• Manifesting cities nature with urban economic development.
• To establish city as one of the major tourism attraction center.
• Appealing leisure and entertainment function contained with landscape
and fountains.
• To project on the city as waterfront city with attractive investment
opportunity to further enhances the economic growth and stability.
• Making excellent living environment.
• Increase the overall living standard of people in the cities contain with
riverfront.
• Accessible to public and fully guaranteed as a public riverfront.
1.3 Aim:
• To propose the riverfront development for rejuvenation &

embellishment of Nag-river to create a vibrant recreational public
space.
1.4 Objectives:
• To study the urban waterfront development.

• To study the various riverfront development through case studies.
• To study the potential, constraints and issues of the study area.
• Recommendation and proposal for nag riverfront development.

1.5 Scope& limitations:
• The study is limited to suggesting the design guidelines for riverfront

development in general and conceptual design proposal to create
vibrant recreational public space for a stretch of the nag riverfront
within the city limit of Nagpur.
1.6 Methodology:
In order to achieve the objectives stated the study will include the following
sequential stages.
• To understand issues and potential of various types of riverfront

development in urban areas.
• Case studies of designed waterfront in Indian and international context.
• Drawing inferences from above with respect to identify different
recreational riverfront activities.
• Detailed study of selected stretch for riverfront development of Nag
River.
• Design proposal for the riverfront development.

Identification of the problem
Aim, Objectives, Scope &Limitation Urban waterfront

development
Recreational
Literature study
waterfront case studies
Identification of potential Recreational public

area for detail study space guidelines
Study area delineation
Data collection
Analysis Inferences from

literature study
Recommendation
Proposal for Nag Riverfront
Figure 1 Methodology for Riverfront development
Source: author

2.0 CITY PROFILE - NAGPUR
2.1 City Overview
Nagpur is the largest city in central

India and the third largest city in the
western state of Maharashtra. It is
the geographical center of India, the
Zero Mile marker of the country is
located here in Nagpur. It has spread
of 220sq.km. with a population of
2,388,558 as per Census 2011. In
2001 Nagpur was the nation's 13th Figure 2 Location Map of Nagpur District
largest urban conglomeration and Source: Wikipedia (Nagpur district)
the foremost city in eastern vidarbha region of Maharashtra. In addition Nagpur
is the winter capital of state and the headquarters of Nagpur District and Nagpur
Division administrations. On a global scale, Nagpur is estimated to be the 114th
largest city and 143rd largest urban area in the world in 2006 in terms of
population.
Nagpur is famous as a trade centre for high-quality oranges grown in the region
and hence the city is also known as Santra Nagari (Orange City). It is one of the
important cities for the IT sector in the state. Nagpur is also called the “tiger
capital of India” because it connects many tiger reserves in India to the world.
It is Located on the banks of the River Nag, the city derives its name from the
river itself. The city is has got many awards like best city to live, best
transportation, green city and best health facility as per ABP news. It is also said
to be the cleanest city in India and the second greenest after Chandigarh. The city
is a major milestone for India, because it is such a major industrial, commercial
and transportation center.

2.1.1 Location:
Nagpur is located at the exact centre of
the Indian peninsula. The city has a Zero
Mile stone locating the geographical center
of India, which was used by the British to
measure all distances within the Indian-
subcontinent.
It is the second capital of Maharashtra is Figure 3 Nagpur District Map
situated on latitude 21 degree 9’N and Source: Wikipedia (Nagpur district)
longitude 79 6’E.
Figure 4 Map of Nagpur City
Source: Nagpur city map

2.1.2 Physiographical Feature:

It is situated 274.5 meters to 652.70 meters above sea level.
• Surrounded by the Satpura Rangeat northward.
• Rivers: Nag river, Pilli River, Kanhan River, Pench River.
• All major highways NH-7 (Varanasi - Kanyakumari) & NH-6 (Mumbai -
Sambalpur - Calcutta) and major railways trunk route (Mumbai,
Chennai, Howrah, and Delhi) pass through the city.
2.1.3 Climate:
Climate of the district is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness

throughout the year except during the south-west monsoon season.
• Summers: extremely hot, lasting from March to June, with May being
the hottest month.
• Monsoons: It receives an annual rainfall of 1,205 mm (47.44 inches)
from monsoon rains during June to September. The highest recorded
daily rainfall was 304 mm on 14 July 1994.
• Winters: lasts from November to January, during which temperatures
can drop below 10 °C (50 °F).
The highest recorded temperature in the city was 47.9 °C on May 22, 2013, while
the lowest was 3.9 °C.
Figure 5 Nagpur Climate Data
Source: Wikipedia (Nagpur)

2.1.4 Demographic characteristic
Table 1 Nagpur City Population
Source: Census of India
Table 2 Nagpur Metropolitan Population

Table 3 Population growth of city
Table 4 Decadal Growth Rate

2.2 Growth Pattern of the City
Figure 6 Before-1706 (Gond’s Rule) Figure 7 1706-1765 (Bhosle’s Rule)
Figure 8 1765-1867 (British rule)

Figure 9 1867-1960 (Industrial revolution)
development: First king has established fort in

the city afterwards the development of the city
continued. The Bhosles extended and modified
the settlement to build informal market town
and has established many reservoir, gardens in
the city. In britishers rule new roads and rail
network was laid down which transformed the
city in all directions. The city grew
prominently in the south due to the industrial
revolution. The infrastructure could not
support the increasing demand of the city,
causing environmental degradation. Thus Nag
Figure 10 1960-after (Post independence) River turned into urban drain.
Source: Manifestations for a city

2.3 Land use map of Nagpur City
Figure 11 landuse map of Nagpur city
Source: Nagpur Municipal Corporation

2.4 Physical Features of the City:
Figure 12: City map (source: author)
Figure 13: Road Network (source: manifestation for city)

Figure 14: Green open spaces (source: grassroot)
Figure 15: Water bodies (source: manifestation for a city)

2.4.1 Water bodies:

Water bodies have major contribution in developing and preserving human
cultures along their banks.
Nagpur City has three parallel rivers; Nag,Pili and Pora flowing through the heart
of the city. Out of these two are dammed on upstream side to cater the need of
city forming three major reservoirs. The river banks, also serve as Biodiversity
Corridors for the fauna and avifauna of the region. There are almost a dozen
small man made historical lakes, which use to be a source of water for the city.
Figure 16: Map of Water Bodies In Nagpur City
Source: Nagpur municipal corporation (NMC)

Nagpur has got nine major water bodies, at least six ponds, two rivers, and
several streams within the municipal boundary of the city. During earlier times of
the establishment and development of the city of Nagpur, water bodies were
designed as significant elements of the city; serving as water storage tanks as
well as for recreation. Some of these also had religious significance and are even
today associated with temples alongside their banks. Today also they play a
major role of ground water recharge to ensure the un-interrupted water supply
through bore wells. In addition they also help in equating the temperatures
especially during the hot summer months.
2.4.2 River lost in Nagpur:

In the spiritual consciousness of the
Indian nation, rivers were always
considered sacred and in fact
lovingly referred to as mothers.
However this relationship of the
people with the rivers, and with
other kinds of water sources is
rapidly deteriorating owing to the Figure 17: (source: author)
fact that there is no direct dependence for water supply on the local water
sources. The phenomenon of urbanisation at an unprecedented scale in the
history of the civilisation is the single most important factor responsible for this
change in percolation of the people at large.
Rivers have major contribution in developing and protecting human cultures

along the banks. Rapid urban developments have replaced ecological
components. This process leads to problems such as imbalanced urban-
ecosystem, loss of natural breathing spaces and changes in the micro-climate.
Every metropolitan city has the black side of heavily polluted water bodies. The
same case is with Nag River in Nagpur. Nag-river is also a victim of unplanned
urbanization and development.

Most of the water bodies are filled up due to siltation and dumping of waste. The
major contributors of river pollution are solid waste including non biodegradable
material like untreated sewage, plastic, fly ash from nearby industries, untreated
industrial discharges, waste from brick kilns etc. The occupational and domestic
activities in various households regularly result in the production of solid,
gaseous and liquid wastes which of various types and quantities, find their way
straight into the rivers. This problem has arrived due to Lack of management for
disposal of solid waste. Their natural feeding channels are look like diverted and
vanished in the urbanisation. Due to urbanisation rivers and lakes of Nagpur city
are facing many problems.
2.5 Nag-River:
Nag river is the tributary of the kanhan
river which will meet the main river in
Waingangā, sub-basin of Godavari
outside the city. The main Nag-River
along with other rivers is serving the
city from past three centuries.
Nag-river origin is from Ambazari Lake, Figure 18 nag-river Nagpur (source: author)
which has been constructed at the upstream reaches of the river and was the
prime source of water to Nagpur city till a few years ago. Nag River, gave identity
and name to Nagpur is now struggling for its own existence. In today’s condition
untreated sewage and industrial waste are directly discharged in the river. This
process leads river water to the dark gray and unpleasant drainage smell.
In 2001 most of water bodies of city are being listed as heritage site. Nag-river is
one of them which is considered to be a heritage site of the city. The nag-river
which had great value in the past is now not more than a city drain. The river
flowing through the heart of the city mainly reduced to sewage carrying corridor.

According to the centre for science and environment, the biggest challenge that
society faces is how to live with water it has, and how to live with it cleanly.
Indians have not even fully recognised that this is a challenge before them.
2.5.1 Origin of Nag River:
Nagpur city has derived its name from

nag-river which originates near the
edge of the city and flows through it.
There are other rivers like pili river,
pohra and futala stream which also
originate near the edge of the city and
flow through it are tributaries of the
nag river. Figure 19 origin of nag-river (source: author)
The nag and pili rivers run from their origin upto a distance of about 16km each,
through the city of Nagpur. These rivers take their origin in the hills to the west
of Nagpur city, in the village called lava. These two rivers then flow more or less
parallel to each other from west to east and meet each other just outside the
eastern boundary of the city. Beyond the meeting point nag river flows 40km
more until it meets the kanhan river at village sawangi.
Figure 20 : water bodies (source: NMC)

The MPCB (Maharashtra pollution control board) has divided the river courses of
nag river into two grades A-II and A-IV. The river have been put in the category
A-II from the origin point, near Lava village upto the reservoir and thereafter,
they have been put it into category A-IV as they flow through the city.
As the river flow through the city, it termed as Nallas and looked upon by the
citizens as no more than drainage channels. The government authorities has put
no laws or restriction on discharging the domestic sewage into the river channels
which spoiling the river and the authorities themselves use these channels as
carriers of the city’s sewage. The present situation is that the water which seems
to be flowing the stream of nag river is not water of nag at all, but the water
passing through the toilets into the channels of nag river. Most of the modern
rivers in India are severely polluted due to the irresponsible attitude and
mismanagement by the people/stakeholders. Urban river health assessment
studies says, many cities of India may be termed as an excellent example of the
mismanagement of the water bodies. Nag River flows for most of its course
through the urbanised part of the Nagpur city, a city with approx. Population of
25 million under muncipal boundries.
2.5.2 Rivers and lakes are getting polluted due to:

• Numbers of sewers are directly connected to the rivers and lakes.
• Inadequate sewage treatment facility.
• People are disposing debris in the river.
• Inadequate sewage collection system within the city leads to pollution.
• Deposition of silt, sewage decomposition of solid waste results in extensive
pollution of these rivers.
• Around lakes slums are located which is also main reason for pollution.
• Encroachment around lakes and along the rivers.

Figure 21 nag- river pollution (source : author)
2.6 Inferences:
Nagpur city at present has some ecological components left within it and around.
But with the development of city till date, it has come to the notice that no due
consideration has been given to these natural area. Rapid urban development in
the cities, leads to environmental degradation. Not only the water resources but
the entire natural landscapes of the cities with the precious ecosystems are
facing the brunt of this rapid urbanization. Conservation and restoration of all
our water resources requires an integrated development approach. In this case
up-gradation, restoration, rejuvenation as well as beautification of the riverfront works
need to be undertaken urgently by the local authorities.

3.0 LITERATURE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
Purpose of the literature study is to develop a researcher’s knowledge base
regarding the context of research such as Basic understanding of concepts,
knowledge of theories, methods and literatures of current trends, latest
developments, rules and norms etc.
3.2 Waterfront Development
3.2.1 Definitions:
The word meaning of waterfront gets through as “the part of a town or city
adjoining a river, lake, harbour, etc.” (Source: Oxford American Dictionary of
Current English in English)
Moretti (2008), the word “waterfront” means “the urban area in direct contact
with water”
Yasinet al. (2010) indicated that waterfront is defined generally as the area of
interaction between urban development and the water.
Hou (2009), described the waterfront area as the conflux area of water and land.
In the literature instead of the term waterfront it has reffered by many different
words such as riverside, river edge, water edge, city port, harbourfront, and
riverfront etc.
Breen and Rigby (1994),Sairinen and Kumpulainen (2006) and Morena (2012)
imply the same thing with waterfront and urban waterfront. According to these,
waterfront identifies the water’s edge in cities and towns or urban area of all
sizes. The water body may be “a river, lake, ocean, bay, creek or canal” or
artificial.

3.2.2 Phases of Waterfront Development:
As per history record, waterfronts are the most ideal living space for human
being to be able to provide food, transportation, settling, defence and learning
etc. therefore from the history of civilization to until today many cities are
established along the water edge. Riverfront cities have historically evolved
through conditions generated by mutuality between water and landscape. Urban
waterfronts have historically been the hub of transportation, trade and
commerce in the city.
Figure 22: Typical growth pattern of waterfronts
Source: Wrenn et al. (1983)
1 Emergence of Waterfront Cities
The early settlements, waterfront and the city were directly connected. For the
trading purpose and transportation water was playing an important role. The
movement of production and people were provided by water route. These
settlements were rooted around a port with safe harbour. At this time, the
waterfront has a very few trails converging at a jetty. After, a street pattern was
slowly installed. New street pattern accelerated the builders for the development

along the street. Though the city was growing and developing, the settlements
still were connected to the waterfront road.
Figure 23: Typical pattern of waterfront development (Phase 1)
(Source: Seattle Department of Planning and design, 2012)
2 Growth of waterfronts
The first period of ports has converted due to increase of economic activities
along the shore. In this period, the settlement became a city and maritime trade
exited urban development. The waterfronts became more important state and
commerce. The road along shoreline turned into a busy street adding many
facilities like services, supplies, and office space for commercial activities.
Many industries were constructed along the waterfront and because of these
industries water edge has blocked from the street. Due to rapid urbanisation,
railroad was introduced for the new mode of transportation to fulfil the need of
time. To install the new railroad network they required the space from
waterfront. As a result, central city has got separated from the waterfronts and
the existing waterfront became more congested. Meanwhile, the waterfront

environment deteriorated because of the industrial pollution and waste. Direct

contact of people with water is lost because of construction of industries,
installation of railway and highway. This also created a barrier for public access
along the riverside. The water became grey and dirty and the waterfront began to
lose its natural attraction in the city.
Figure 24: Typical pattern of waterfront development (Phase two)
Source: (Seattle Department of Planning and Design, 2012)
3 Deterioration of Waterfronts
All loading-offloading activities were carried out in port areas Until World War II.
With the development of containerization technology the amount of load and
speed of the loading-offloading increased. After World War II, development in
maritime industry has increased and demanded for new areas. Thus, port
activities transferred to outside the city. Many of manufactures began to leave
the city because of water and air pollution. As a result, old ports lost the role of
transportation and waterfront fell into disuse. People preferred highways to
railroad which again contributed to increase the gap between waterfront and
people. Railroads on the waterfront were neglected. Because of decline of
manufacturing plants and disinvestment from investor again railroads suffered

and waterfront virtually became a deserted, inaccessible and unsafe area further
separated the urban core from the water.
Figure 25: Typical pattern of waterfront development (Phase three)
Source: (Seattle Department of Planning andDesign, 2012)
4 Redevelopment of waterfronts
Waterfront areas of neglected old ports having several problems. First problem
was pollution caused by the industrial activities along the port. Second problem
was discarded infrastructure of the industrial areas which was surrounded by
abandoned port structures. After shifting of warehouses outside the city,
highways and railroad broke off the link between waterfront and city. The
Interaction between waterfront and city has decreased. In post-independence
period, people became more concerned about environment and natural
resources.
Now people wanted to recover the aesthetic beauty of the waterfront which had
been neglected some year before. As a result, private developers and city

governments initiated to restore and redevelopment of waterfronts.

Redevelopment gave the golden opportunity to rejuvenate the existing
waterfronts and design for the public use, recreational activites, mixed use
development, city’s open spaces etc. The lost intimate connection was provided
again between the city and its waterfront. But, one fact is common, urban
waterfronts dramatically changed because of the influence of social and
technology factors.
Figure 26 : Typical pattern of waterfront development (Phase four)

Source: (Seattle Department of Planning andDesign, 2012)

3.2.3 Types of Waterfronts:
1 Commercial waterfront:
The theme of the commercial

waterfront is an economically
driven combination of food, drink
and vistas, along with public
enjoyment of the water. The
involvement of shopping, eating
and socializing in the context of a
large public space allows for a very Figure 27 commercial waterfront
dynamic space. The focus of this type of waterfront is social interaction and
gathering spaces to accommodate a range of programs. Mixed use development
is a popular theme among commercial waterfronts because it allows for activity
beyond regular business hours and offers safety for visitors.
2 Residential waterfront:
Living on the waterfront is waht

people desire. Residential
waterfronts take advantage of
valuable views of a river or other
body of water. People are willing to
risk the threat of floods and
hurricanes in order to be close to
the water. The problem that occurs
is tension between residents and Figure 28 residential waterfront
visitors. The public/private dilemma is a result of private ownership of a public
resource. Private needs must be incorporated into public resources in order for a
residential waterfront to be successful.

3 Cultural waterfront:
Waterfront have an ability to

fascinate, entertain and educate
people. Aesthetic and memorial
architecture, public plzas and
harbours accentuate the
waterfront and allow for marine
heritage appreciation. The
combination of architecture and Figure 29 cultural waterfront (source:author)

water informs the public about the values of water as a resource. The ability for a
place to entertain while informing is the basic premise behind the cultural,
educational and environmental waterfront.
4 Historic waterfront:
This type of waterfront deals with

the preservation of the buildings of
historic significance along the
waterfront retaining its character
adjacent and makes it usable for
the present context by changing in
the use of such structures. The
preservation of the unique Figure 30 historic waterfront
character of the land is emphasized as necessary to the value of the water’s edge
in urban settlements that have a historic structures lined along the river ganga
still follow the traditions and rituals which haven’t faced through time. The need
to conserve these waterfronts becomes more important without disturbing the
historic character it has attained through date.

5 Recreational waterfront:
One of the special characteristics of waterfront areas is that they offer

opportunities for outdoor recreation. The growing popularity of water based
entertainment and increased demand for recreation areas from the public has
triggered governments to develop and redevelop waterfront areas for public use.
Leisure time on the water is the common theme among recreational waterfronts.
The appeal of waterfront parks, walkways, marines and neighbourhood open
space brings a dimension of community interaction to the waterfront. The
recreational waterfront theme views the river as having the potential to serve
the community by offering pleasure spaces and satisfying the people. The
activities along the river which encourages the people to partipate in park, boat
clubs, cycling trails, toy train rides, equestrian paths, mall roads, pedestrian paths
give in the recreational facilities.
Figure 31 recreational waterfront

3.2.4 Reasons for Waterfront Development:

• To create pleasant environment for people to live, work and recreate
• To create public accessibility towards city waterfront
• To encourage interaction of city with waterfront and nature
• To add value to the existing abandoned waterfront
• To conserve the heritage site of the city
• To rejuvenate the waterfront
3.3 Urban Design Study
Urban design is concerned with the physical characteristics of the city and the
implications of design and planning decisions for the public realm of the city. The
urban design is an integrating tool, which serve as how various public and
private development proposals will affect the city physically. The area of focus in
urban design deals with public realm of the city which included the public
buildings, streets, sidewalks, parks and plazas that provide the outdoor public
spaces for a multiple activities and recreation.
3.3.1 Image of the City

The public image or impression of any
given city is the overlap of many images
formed by individuals perception. A
water body in a city influences the
image of a city to a large extent. “Kevin
lynch” described five major elements Figure 32 Image of the city

affecting the image of the city- the path, edge, landmark, nodes, and districts in
his book “image of the city” out of which water body becomes the most important
landmark of the settlement, creates a well defined edge, becomes an important
path when used frequently for navigation and nodes are formed when important
activity are located along the waterfront.

3.3.2 Elements of urban structure

1. Buildings
Most of towns and cities are shaped by

banks, topography, coastlines, rivers and
many other natural features. Buildings
are the most noticeble element of urban
fabric. Location of water bodies or rivers
also contributes in shaping the city. Well Figure 33 buildings

designed buildings, grouop of buildings
and natural topography arround work together to create great sense of place.
2. Subdivision patterns and street layouts
Street pattern, movement layouts

dominently contributes in the formation
of plan of any city or town. It gives the
special character to the city. every city
has its different movement pattern such
as grid, radial, organic etc. Although most Figure 34 street layout

of the cities were laid out on grids but
each plan is unique and each pattern has its own advantages and disadvantages.
If we look at period wise urban expansion, each era is characterised by its own
characteristic street pattern. These street layouts gives the character, amenity,
utility, and adaptability of suburbs to the city.
3. Public open spaces
Open spaces are reffered as a brething spaces in the city. in the early settelments
some cities were laid out with dedicated greenbelts. However, early surveyors
often made little provision for parks and squares within the town and city.

Due to rapid urbanisation open spaces

are lacking in the city. To fix this
deficiency, towns and cities should be
retrofitted with new public open spaces.
Waterfront area gives opportunity to
maintained city’s open space. Recreational Figure 35 public open spaces

areas along waterfront are an important example of this phenomenon.
4. Transport and other infrastructure
For the functional efficiency and

economic competitiveness, city needs
well designed infrastructure. City
infrastructure also influences the form
and direction of urban growth. Transport
routes like Roads, railways and other
elements of infrastructure have a direct Figure 36 transport
impact on the appearance and character of a city, also influece people experience.
Well designed routes contribute to legibility and a positive sense of place.
5. Landmarks
Landmark sites and buildings stand out

from the rest of the city fabric.
Landmark is the recongnisable natural or
man made features in a city which
includes: prominent location, unusual
appearance, exceptional size, important
functions, historical associations and Figure 37 landmarks

distinctive quality.

3.3.3 Principles for a Sustainable Development of Urban Waterfront

Area
• Secure the quality of water and the environment: Clean water and
environment are the primary requirements of a waterfront.
• Waterfronts are part of the existing urban fabric: waterfront should not be
detached from the city. Isolated waterfront leads to the decay of the
waterfront area. In the history many cities has been a witness to such
instances, where the city has turned its back on the waterfront and then
water bodies has turned into a sewer lines.
• The historic identity gives character: to create identity of the place, context
and sense of place are always important. In the history of waterfronts it
enables the locals to identity and make a bond with water and also
increases the tourism potential of the waterfront.
• Mixed-use is a priority: mixed use development is a effective tool to
achieve a successfull waterfront. It certifies the different use of waterfront
by a variety of developers. Waterfront can be integrated much more
effectively by adopting a mixed use policy.
• Public access is a prerequisite: waterfront should be accessible for public
in both ways visual and physical. in india Physical access has always been
high due to the presence of ghats. Visual access means the waterfront that
has a visually appealing quality, it doesn’t mean just a visible waterfront.
• Public partipation is an element of sustainability: Public participation
ensures direct benefits to the society and thus should be encouraged.
• Revitalization is an on-going process: in the urban fabric, waterfront is a
permanent fixture. According to the time the needs and role of a
settlement changes. Respectively, the role of the waterfront also may
change, and so might the expectations of the people from the waterfront.
Thus, to suit the present and future needs waterfront has to be regularly
reinvented.

3.3.4 Criteria of waterfront recreation space
In the last few years there have been various attempts to evaluate the
performance of waterfront recreation spaces from the user's point of view. It is
essential to understand the purpose of public places and their use by people.
Successful public space always creates strong connections between the user’s
personal lives and places. It is related to their social and physical background.
For every individual place there are many factors which have to be taken into
consideration such as topography, history, culture, climate etc.
Based on the urban design principles eight criteria have been found for the
successfulness of waterfront recreation spaces: location, function, attraction,
integration, sense of place, accessibility, visual and environmental quality.
1 Location
According to Craig(Smith, “Site location is a critical factor. Locations immediately

adjacent to city cores have a greater chance of success than sites in more peripheral
areas. He also stated that 'The normal sequence of development is occurs first in
areas most accessible, generally nearest to the Central Business District, moving out
to the next sites as these become 'ripe' through increasing demand and rising
property values”.
As per expert views, location of the riverfront site is very important. It should be
at such place which is properly connected to major urban activities center. If the
location is near to the CBD or city core it would be a great location for
successfulness of riverfront.
Location of the study area which is close to the center urban activities of Nagpur,
have possibility to embellish as an active riverfront in terms of location.

2 Function
Roger Trancik stated, “The quality judgment of how well a space designed comes
from its functional meaning and from how well its physical shape accommodates
social needs”.
For successfulness of any place it is very important how that place functions at
different time on different levels. A place which don’t meet the need of users or
that serve no important functions for users is not a successful place.
One of the main functions of riverfront is enhancement of image of the place,

improvement of social life; symbolic values can be used in the design of a public
place to enhance its meaning. Economic growth of the city is also important
function of a riverfront which can be achieved through architectural design that
will attract the tourist and people from nearby areas.
Function of the riverfront is boost the economy, create the image, increase the
living standard, serve as the vibrant open space for recreation which can be
achieved through proper management of the project, and good riverfront design.
Proper architectural design, Mixed-use development, water related activities,
recreational activities will help to attract the tourist and people from nearby
areas at the riverfront which will fulfil the function of riverfront.
3 Accessibility
Benjamin Fried stated, “I want to see wide avenues, broad access, with view
corridors so you feel a visceral connection to the waterfront from downtown”.
Public accessibility is main feature of urban design. Every public space should be
accessible from all areas. Public entrance is a basic requirement for any public
place.
Ethen Kent wrote on PPS website, “The edges of a public space also play an
important role in making it accessible; a row of shops along a street, for instance, is
more interesting and generally safer to walk along than a blank wall or an empty

lot. Accessible spaces are conveniently reached by foot and, ideally, public transit,
and have a high parking turnover”.
Accessibility is categorised in three terms, physical access, visual access and

symbolic access.
Physical access deals with the linkage, location and entrance design. Besides, the
entry to the public place should be easily accessible and visible in order to
facilitate the user. Riverfront also be well connected to the rest of the city and
should have the large pedestrian network, multi-vehicular access. Road side
shops, boutiques, restaurants help in enhancing pedestrian flow. Secondly,
visible access is also an important factor to direct the movement of user. The
place should be easily get into and get through. Third type of access is symbolic
access, which cleary conveys the message that the place is for any particular use.
4 Attraction
To provide diversified opportunities for economic development, public

recreation and civic identity urban waterfronts has unique potential. A good
architectural design, attractive recreation spaces provide opportunities for
entertainment, relaxation, and social contact.
According to PPS Ethen Kent said, "Even well designed and maintained
waterfronts that provide excellent public access may not necessarily fulfil their
potential as gathering places. If there are no special places that draw people, then
the intrinsic vibrancy of waterfront gets squandered."
Main aspect of public place design is provision of active recreational needs.

Creation of popular destinations doesn’t mean the place will function properly.
Rather, small destinations along riverside are the main attraction. Recreational
activities, green spaces, pedestrian promenades, interacting spaces always
characterise the attractiveness of the riverfront spaces.

5 Sense of Place
Gorden Cullen stated in his book 'The Concise Townscape, 1961, "Concerning
place...it is an instinctive and continuous habit of the body to related itself to the
environment, this sense of position cannot be ignored; it becomes a factor in the
design of the environment”.
Each place has its story to tell. Some stories are historical for whole community
and some are personal. Image enhancement is main aim of any public space. A
space which looks like comfortable and inviting expected to be successful public
space. Sense of comfort is depending on people perception in terms of safety,
accessibility, cleanliness, visibility of that place. A lack of these elements is the
reason for ruined of good places.
6 Integration
Integration of waterfront with the surround area of that place gives the vibrant
waterfront. Any development along riverfront or at any public space should be
integrated with the city. Riverfront development becomes dead if it is at isolated
area of city.
Ethen Kent wrote about the integration, “This is the most important quality for a
place to achieve Wand the most difficult. When a place becomes a favourite spot for
people to meet friends, greet their neighbors, and feel comfortable interacting with
strangers, then you are well on your way to having a great place”.
By designing various different activities or having something to do at any place,

gives people a reason to visit that place. If there is nothing interesting to do
people won’t come to the place and place may become dead. Varity of activities
will draw different age group people to the water edge.

7 Visual Appropriateness
Visual appropriateness is another important principle to attract people. Many

riverfront spaces attract users because they offer splendid and elegant views. To
achieve the visual appropriateness design should fit in the surrounding with
respect to scale, colour, texture, material, form etc. Visual quality of riverfront
can enhance through good architectural design, construction and proper
landscaping. Visually innovative building at water site helps to pull the people at
that place. People are attracted to green spaces, public spaces by various physical
features, natural features, etc. Visual and physical connections with the natural
environment can relief people from the stresses of daily life.
8 Environmental Quality
The goal of environmental enhancement is closely related in most of the

riverfront projects. Sometimes, the design of recreation space also consolidates
with the pollution reduction measures. Successful waterfront development
should enhance the beauty of the physical landscape and protect the natural
environment from pollution. Besides, the desire for clean water and quality living
environment also one of the components of good riverfront design.
3.4 Public space

a space used for gathering, or
meeting which can be the part of
neighbourhood, waterfront, or any
other open area within the public
realm that helps to encourage social
interaction is called public space.
Figure 38 public space (source:flickr.com thames
All the gathering spaces such as riverfront)
malls, parks, marketplaces, public green, town squares, piers, plazas, special
areas within convention centers, playground, lobbies, sport centers, interactive

spaces within public buildings, public spaces within private buildings are the
public spaces. For a great spaces destination it is important to understand what
sets a space away from others spaces..
3.4.1 Characteristics of public spaces

• develop maximum social activities
• Encourage community involvement and public participation
• Reflection of history and culture of that place
• Has unique character
• Design a network of public spaces which attract tourist and people around
• Maintain a regularity in waterfront design
• Strong connections along the waterfront
• well maintained spaces
• Innovative design and architectural style that provides visual aesthatic
• water edge that is publicly accessible, magnificent and continuous.
• Require design excellence for waterfront public spaces
• Provide a maximum public spaces that bring up culture and creativity in
the city
• Make sure all public spaces adhere to environmental standards
• Develop strong connection between existing and emerging waterfront
communities and surrounding spaces
• Improve the water quality and aquatic habitat
• to maximise the economic, recreational and environmental asset,
coordinate water usage and supporting land base.

3.4.2 Types of public space and their roles
Streets
• Modern city street evolution

• Destination
• Multimodal
• public open space resource
• mixed use character
Squares Figure 39 street view source: www.fpmccann.co.uk
• Relaxation, recreation, social interaction

• Events for public
City parks
• Refreshment, Relaxation,
recreation, social interaction
Waterfronts
• Changing function in post-

industrial time
• Reorientation in city centres –

Figure 40 square aminities
‘back door’ becomes ‘front
door’
• Competition between recreational and commercial functions
Ecological reserves
• Attachment with nature

• Recreational potential and
visual refreshment
Figure 41 waterfront

3.4.3 Street design
Types of streets
• Boulevards
• Principal streets
• Secondary streets
• Lanes and alleys
Design Qualities of successful streets
• Physical comfort
- Microclimate
- Shelter
– Seating
• Walkability
• Safety
– Surveillance
– Presence of other people
– lighting
• Segregating pedestrian and vehicular movement
• Spatial definition
– Subdivision of ROA (right-of-way)
– Continuity along the street
• Active edges
• Car parking
• Engaging all the senses
– Memorable contrast with other places
– Serial vision and the aesthetics of movement

3.4.4 How to turn the waterfront as a public Place:
• Make users need as a primary objective

• Provide multiple destinations
• Shared community spaces
• encourage public access by using proper signage's.
• promote commercial activities
• encourage multiple modes of transportation
• make sure that new development match within the surrounding
• Use green spaces, parks to connect different places
• Design scope for seasonal activities into each destination
• Promote Mixed use development
3.5 Inferences:
This chapter explained about the relationship between waterfront development

and urban design. Waterfront development plays an important role to enhance
the image of the city. While designing the riverfront in urban area we need to
consider the urban design elements to fit in development or to match the design
with existing urban fabric of a city. On the basis of urban design principles for
riverfront development or any public space, we can create successful public open
space for public recreation. Urban design guidelines also help to develop public
realm in the city.

4.0 CASE STUDIES
4.1 Sabarmati Riverfront Development
Introduction:
Sabarmati is one of the most iconic river in India. The river situated in
Ahmadabad, Gujarat and refereed as a lifeline of the city. Due to rise of
urbanization river fell into neglect. This gave rise to pollution into the river, slum
encroachment on the river banks.
Sabarmati riverfront development project is great example of riverfront in India.

This project is an initiative by Ahmadabad Municipal Corporation to develop the
Sabarmati riverfront in the city. This project began as an urban renewal project
to enhance the habitat condition and spatial structure of the river and adjoining
area.
Aim of this project is to transform historic character of Ahmadabad yet

neglected river into a vibrant focus for the city of Ahmadabad.
Issues:
• Pollution of river
• Affected Sunday market on river bank
• Lack of open spaces
• Slum encroachment
• Flooding
• Dumping garbage into river
• Strom water drain and nalaseject untreated sewage into the river
• Haphazard development along riverfront
• Inaccessible riverfront
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch. (2012-14) Page 42

Figure 42 issues of Sabarmati riverSource: Sabarmati riverfront development report, india

urban conference, mysore, no.v 2011

Objectives:
• Make the accessible riverfront for all

• to keep the river clean and pollution-free,
• Stop the sewage discharge into river
• Slum rehabilitation
• minimize risk of flooding and erosion
• provide cultural, trade and social amenities
• design resources to pay for all of the foregoing
• Create a identity of city
• design riverfront ghats, parks, green spaces promenades
• improve riverfront to rejuvenate Sabarmati river
• Stitch together East and West side of city
Sabarmati riverfront has 10.5km stretch with 185 hec. of reclaimed land. This
project includes new sewage treatment facility to clean up the river, water
management system to reduce flooding in flood prone areas, Retaining walls to
protect low-lying flood area.
Key elements of project:
Lover promenade- 10m width for public access, ghats
Upper promenade- public buildings, educational institutions, cultural buildings,

parks, plazas, open spaces for weekly market, new traffic infrastructure.

Figure 43 River training and land reclamation
Figure 44 ensuring clean water
Figure 45Parks and promenade ghats

Figure 46 landuse
of Sabarmati
riverfront
Figure
47Activities on
promenade
Source: riverfront
development
report, india
urban
conference,
mysore, nov
2011

Figure 48Vision of Sabarmati development project
Source: riverfront development report, india urban conference, mysore, no.v 2011

4.2 Godavari Riverfront Development Nanded
Introduction:
Godavari is a major river of south-central India
originates in the trimak in Nashik district in
Maharashtra and flows through the Deccan plateau
into the Bay of Bengal. Godavari is a second longest
river of India after ganga which forms one of the
largest river basin in central India.
Nanded is a second largest city in marathwada

Figure 49 locationmap of
region of eastern Maharashtra. The city is located on Nanded city
the banks of Godavari river and mainly famous as religious center for Sikhism.
Gadavaririver divedes the city into part north and south. North riverfront
crowded with gurudwaras and ghat. South riverfront is newer and sparser
development. Therefore south riverfront is comparatively undeveloped which
offers designer a great opportunity to design riverfront at south side of nanded.
This project is initiative of NandedWaghala Municipal Corporation for stretch
5km.
Aim of this project to rejuvenate and regeneration of river by developing north

and south bank where north bank will be integrated with existing urban
surrounding and south bank will be generated as an eco-park.
Issues:
• River pollution due to religious activities on the bank of river

• Flooding
• Lack of open spaces for recreation
• Poor public access to the river
• Poor sewage, storms water and solid waste management
• Slum encroachment
• Handling of crowd (pilgrims)

Figure 50Issues of Godavaririverfront (Source: Nandedwaghala city municipal corporation)
Objectives:
• Environmental quality:
Rejuvenation of river through:Proper treatment of nallahs, natural drains and

planned sewerage system along river
• Religious quality:
Creation of various activity spaces for religious use as the bank is consist of
gurudwaras and temples through: various religious amenities like ghat design,
bathing platform, washing platform, open promenades for functions and
gathering, large open spaces to handle pilgrims as tourist crowd, creation of
proper cremation spaces to avoid these activities on river banks.

• Sustainable quality:
Renewed riverfront through: recreational opportunity for city, public

accessibility, tourist destinations, religious activities etc.
Godavari riverfront project at nandes has 5km of stretch which includes

movement networking, riverfront development, sewage and sanitation, storm
water drainage ,solid water management and slum rehabilitation
Figure 11Proposed landuse of Godavari riverfront
Source: Nandedwaghala city Municipal Corporation

Key elements of projects:
• Ghats
• Walking paths and promenades
• Parks, garden, plazas, street planting, green areas and eco system
• oat
• Streetscaping (Street furniture, art sculpture, lighting)
• Reorganizing cremation activity
• Revenue generation systems
• Social infrastructure buildings
Figure De52 Temporary shade at the festive time
Source: www.frontline.in
Figure 53Sketch of proposal at nanded (source:timesofindia)

Figure 54 Proposal for Godavari riverfront development, Nanded
Source: Nandedwaghala city muncipal corporation

4.3 Kuching Riverfront Sarawak, Malaysia.
Introduction:
Sarawak is 600km apart from peninsular
Malaysia by South China Sea. It is a largest state
of Malaysia and also known as the land of rivers
in Malaysia.
Kuching is one of the main city and capital in

the state of Sarawak and situated on the bank of
Sarawak river at south-west.
Kuching riverfront is an initiative of

chief minister in 1993. This project is
totally funded by the state
government having 1.0km long
riverside promenade from the
heartland of city to kuching Figure 55Location of kuching, malaysia
downtown. Kuching riverfront was developed for revitalization of the frontage of
Sarawak river.
Aim was to create new image of the

city, to provide benefits to people,
tourist, government and improve the
quality of life of local people.
Issues:
• Loss of traditionalmarket place

• Dead and dirty waterfront
• Growth of Unhealthy activities
• Became neglected and
abandoned waterfront
Figure 2Issues of kuching riverfront

Objectives:
• To make the Kuching riverfront accessible to people

• To design the recreational and leisure activities
• To rebuilt to return the frontage of river
• To maintained the local culture and history of the place.
• To create the long promenade for various activities.
Kuching riverfront project includes the long 1km promenade design, historic
preservation of existing important buildings, development of traditional market
spaces, beautification of the river, replacement of warehouse& has facilities for
refreshment, entertainment, relaxation, arts appreciation & cultural enjoyment.
The river park is also known as “The People’sPlace”.
Figure 57 stretch of Sarawak river (source: malaysiawaterfront.blogspot.in)

Key Elements of Kuching Riverfront:
• Long promenade
• Historic buildings and Colonial
structures
• Shopping complex, and Hotels
• Amphitheater
• beautiful landscaped, park, piazza,
gardens
• musical fountain
• food stalls, restaurants
• Environment friendly- solar energy
• Water activities, boating
• Chinese pavilion, pagoda
• Handicraft market
Figure 58kuching riverfront developmetpromenade
Source: cats city hornbill land, kuching riverfront

Figure 59Kuching riverfront developmet

Figure 60 Kuching riverfront activities

4.4 Thames riverfront in Westminster and London
Introduction:
Thames river and its surrounding are form the
important part of the London. The river Thames is
important for natural and cultural asset of London city
that reflects the city’s history, its evolution, and its
contemporary significance through different projects Figure 3london map
and policies. Over the past several decades London has
rediscovered its waterfront. The milennium
celebrations and the pedestrian bridges, Tate Modern
rennovation, The Eye, City Hall and countless other
attractions have brought residents and visitors to the
Thames for excercise, museums or just to stroll. The
Figure 62 Westminster map

Thames riverfront development projects take into account local history,
townscape, nature conservation, public-access networks and land management.
Figure 63River Thames
Issues:
• Untreated sewage discharge in the

river
• River habitat degradation
• Risk of flooding
• Unhealthy activities
• River pollution
• Inaccessible riverfront
• Loss of heritage value, culture
• Loss of biodiversity Figure 4 River pollution

Westminster’s TPA covers the river itself and the buildings and open spaces that
line the riverbank. It also covers some areas further from the river, including
areas that are linked to it visually, functionally or historically.
Policies to make better use of the Thames:
• a river that unites rather than divides London

• London’s main area of open space
• a high quality setting for buildings, bridges and other development
• a means of transport
• a river that contributes to the water supply and drainage of a region,
where flooding is possible
• an important place for wildlife
• a place for recreation, leisure, tourism and special events, such as festivals
Aim is to maximize the potential of the river Thames and to facilitate its role as
the focus for the regeneration of Thames gateway, subject to sustainability,
environmental enhancement and nature conservation consideration.
Objectives:
• To achieve the balance between employment, housing and recreation uses.

• To ensure that the new development enhances the riverside by virtue of
its setting and design and the materials used and makes a contribution
towards achieving the new environment standard
• To resist development on Thames side site
• To promote greater use of river for freight and passenger traffic
• Secure greater public access
• Encourage a green network and corridors between urban rural and
riverside
• Encourage greater recreational, leisure use

Polices for river thames:
Policy 1: Thames Policy Area wide policies

a) The design of development
b) Views
c) Environment, open space and wildlife
d) Promoting activity
Policy 2: Development on the river

e) Development built into or over the river
f) River crossings
g) Piers
h) Permanently moored vessels
Policy 3: Development on the riverside

i) The Thames Path
j) Encouraging access to the river and its foreshore
k) Safety issues
l) Flood defences
m) Thames Policy Area
n) Thames Floodplain
Figure 65WestminsterGoogle earth image
Source: google earth

Figure 5Images of Thames riverfront
Source: flckr.com

4.5 Inferences:
After the study of all above case
studies I can conclude that water
bodies, riverfront can be used for
various purposes such as social
purpose, vibrant recreational
activities, common public activities,
waterfront park, pedestrian
promenade, market facilities,
activities for revenue generation,
boating, institutional purpose,
business, cultural development, social interaction etc. while designing riverfront
area we need to consider existing site condition, surrounding, climate,
architectural features, users need, site appearance, public accessibility to the
place, activities for different age group, urban design principles, safety of the
place, maintenance, tourism etc.
Riverfront development along nag-river will helpful in social integration, revenue

generation, recreational activities, institutional purposes, sport activities,
commercial activities, public accessibility and rejuvenating river basin.

5.0 STUDY AREA DELINEATION
5.1 Introduction
Recreation is an essential part of human life and finds many different forms
which are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding
social construction. Recreational activities can be communal or solitary, active or
passive, outdoors or indoors, healthy or harmful, and useful for society or
detrimental. A list of typical activities could be almost endless including most
human activities, a few examples being reading, playing or listening to music,
watching movies or TV, gardening, hunting, hobbies, sports, studies, and travel.
Figure 67 Location map of Nagpur city

(source: author)
Snehal S. Teltumbade, M.Arch., (2012-14) Page 63

5.2 Physical features of the Nag River:

Nag River was once a perennial but in today’s date it has turned into mere and
urban drain. The river runs through centre of the city, collecting all the solid as
well as liquid waste with it and finally disposing into Kanhan River. These
disposals of wastes have caused leaching into the ground and polluting the
ground water as well. The nitrate concentration in the eastern part where the
river leaves the city has very high nitrate value.
Figure 68 Google map of nag-river
Figure 69 Landuse along nag-river

5.3 Data concerning nag-river

Table 5 Salient features of nag river (source: nmc)
Table 6 Flow in nag-river (source: impact of urbanisation on river environment- nagriver Nagpur)

5.4 Criteria for Selection of Site

Nag River is flowing in the Mid of Nagpur city being the heart of the city. This 16
Km stretch of the river which is flowing through the heart of the city cuts the city
into two parts. These two parts are called North Nagpur and South Nagpur.
Site is selected on the basis of preliminary study of the site, issues and problems
of city and inferences from literature and case studies. Nag-river is flowing
through the three different zones of the city. Study of each zone has been done in
terms of potentiality of each zone. Delineation of study area has been done by
analysing all physical features of site and on the basis of potential of riverfront
development which involves land use pattern along study area, movement
network, available open spaces, built-unbuilt urban fabric, study of surrounding
area etc. On the basis of above parameters, zone 1 found more feasible area for
this study.
Figure 70 Map showing the full stretch of the river Nag

5.5 Study of Zones of Nag-River
Figure 71 zoning map of Nagpur (source: NMC)

ZONE NO. NAME OF ZONE
1 EAST
2 WEST
3 NORTH
4 SOUTH
5 CENTRAL
Figure 72 Zoning of the site according to the site conditions in various areas. (source: author)

I have divided the whole stretch into three zones as the whole stretch was too
long to develop due to other activities present in it. These all three zones have
different stretch conditions and different uses of lands. Finally after comparing
all these zones we concluded our scope of work and site for this dissertation.
5.5.1 Zone – 3
Figure 73 Zone-3 Land-use distribution

Figure 74 existing land use % at zone 3 (source: author)
Zone - 3 of the River stretch has various problems due to which this site was not
suitable for my Thesis project. These difficulties present in this zones area:
• Haphazard development of the settlements.
• Irregular pockets of the areas present in it.
• Organic growth of the city in this particular zone.
• Less open spaces and more residential zone is being provided due to which
no land is allocated for recreational activities.
• Less commercial spaces.
• Notified slum settlements are also present in this zone
• Max. Area for residential
• Organic road pattern
• Not suitable location
• Less scope for recreational activities

Due to all these problems this zone is being neglected for the purpose of
riverfront development. This zone also has a very zig-zag flow of river terrain
which is also not suitable for riverfront development.
5.5.2 Zone –2
Figure 75 : Zone-2 Land-use distribution
Zone - 2 of the River stretch has various problems due to which this site was not
suitable for my Thesis project. These difficulties present in this zones area:
• Haphazard development of the settlements.
• Irregular pockets of the areas present in it.

• Organic growth of the city in this particular zone.
• Less open spaces and more residential zone are being provided due to
which no land is allocated for recreational activities.
• Not suitable location
• Less scope for recreational activities
Figure 76 Existing land use % at zone 2 (source: author)
Due to all these problems this zone also gets neglected for the purpose of
riverfront development.

5.5.3 Zone –1 (Study area)
Figure 77 Zone-1 Land-use distribution
Zone-1 is the area where we get around 55% of the open land under which 30%
of the land comes under recreational zone. This recreational zone is located on
the banks of the Nag River which gives us the favorable conditions for the
riverfront development. Also the location is nearby state transport bus stand
which gives a suitable location for giving a recreational zone in this particular
zone. Beside all these, there are some more features are also available which are
as follows:
• more green spaces
• maximum land for recreational purpose

• Vast open space along the river
• Maximum transit nodes for connectivity
• No industries
• Regular pockets for development
• Main access road with straight along the linear river stretch
• Min. residential area
• Most active route
• Potential to generate revenue from the study area.
Figure 78 Existing land use % at zone 1
(source: author)

5.6 Site Features

As I have selected Zone -1 for my study area for the riverfront development. Now
i need to find out the features present on the site. This site is totally govt. land
with proposal of Recreational activities and some of the Govt. buildings like
Hospital, institutional buildings and some commercial markets. This zone also
has the open spaces which will be giving strong scope of work to our project.
5.6.1 Movement Network

Major traffic nodes and roads connecting
to site give good accessibility at site.
Figure 1 available movement network on site

(source: author)
Figure 79 Movement network on site (source: author)
The site is connected by North Ambazari road which is going parallel to the site
and serving the site. The secondary roads connected by North Ambazari connect
to other parts of the city and made study area accessible from all sides. The width
of the roads varies from 3.0m, 6.5m to 12.5m.

Figure 80 Existing condition of roads along study area (source: author)
5.6.2 Land Use:
Figure 81 Land use map of zone 1 (source: author)

5.6.3 Build Un-Build Ratio

The buildup area is very less on the site which is suitable for the Riverfront
development. This gives us the scope for applying various activities to the site.
The ratio of Build to un-build is 47% to 53%. Which is being a strength to the
project.
Figure 82 Build spaces (source:author)
Figure 83 Open spaces (source: author)

built-unbuilt fabric
open space (53%)
built up (47%)
Figure 84 Notified Green spaces (source: author)

Figure 85 Maximum potential areas for riverfront development along nag-river (source: author)
5.7 Site Conditions
Figure 86 existing site condition along nag-river (source: author)

5.8 Issues and Problems
Figure 87 Issues and problems of nag-river (source: author)
5.9 SWOT Analysis

Strength
• Historical impact of Nag River.

• Strong and diverse vegetation on the site.
• Excellent location as the site is located very near to main bus stand and
major stadium.
• High connectivity to the other parts of the city.
• Strong urban context and setting.
• Preferred location for visitors due to “bus stand”
Weakness
• Growth has been unplanned.

• Required infrastructure is not in place.
• Pedestrian environment is weak in some areas.

• Air pollution, water pollution, and waste disposal are unaddressed issues.
• Presence of slums (especially in the nearby stretch of the River).
Opportunities
• Can attract tourists owing to strong heritage.

• Revival and development of the water bodies and city core can usher in
progress.
• Generate revenue for the economic growth of the city.
• Enhance the historic importance of the Nag River.
• Improve the public realm and pedestrian environment.
Threats
• Looming water crisis.

• Climatic change
• Burgeoning population
• Encroachments
• Waste disposal in the River
5.10 Inferences
• Planned sewerage system should be installed to overcome direct sewage
disposal into the river.
• By-laws should be strictly applied as there is a lot of encroachment is
happening along the river bank.
• Slums should be relocated far away from the river bank.
• People should not allow to dump waste in the river.
• There are no recreational areas designed in the city which can attract
people, so this riverfront development is a good initiative to be design.
• Development should orient towards the river.
• Parking areas and automobile access into development should be located
along non-river frontage access roads, with wide pedestrian areas and
landscaping.
6.0 RECOMMENDATION AND PROPOSAL:
6.1 Vision and Concept

People are inherently drawn to water. Hence, it is very importance to develop
riverfront in a proper way to pull the crowd towards water. Riverfronts provide
an excellent opportunity place to live, enjoy art, recreate, shop, or relax by the
water. Riverfront areas provide multiuse activities; improve social interaction
and a sense of community. In this study, I am working on riverfront development
to rejuvenate the nag-river, Nagpur. This chapter will also be giving the design
guidelines and recommendation for the riverfront development on the basis of
whole study carried out in the thesis.
Vision of this project is to transform the riverfront side into a series of

sustainable, mixed use urban precincts integrated with green parks, playgrounds,
waterfronts activity, informal spaces, public buildings, institutions, riverwalk,
river promenades, ghats, streetscape along riverfront, deck areas, employment
and recreation. This area will be available for almost all the year round, available
to everyone by car, bike or foot. Old destination will be connected with new
tourist destination. New connecting structure will artfully and sustainably
integrate with the old build environment. This proposal of connecting people
with the river will help the riverfront area to redevelop for explore and enjoy for
recreation and business.
Planning and design process began with a complete analysis of the site and its
historical background; community needs, and market demands. There should be
some points to be remembered while designing a riverfront development and
those are as follows:
• Hierarchy of spaces in a riverfront development.

• Adjacent Neighborhood, surrounding should also be incorporated.
• Views, vista and imagibility of the place.
• Public access
• Mixed use development and protection of environment & natural habitat.

Table 7 Problems and strategies
Sr. no. Problems on site Design strategies

1 Abandoned riverfront Multiple new destinations
2 Lack of open spaces Green corridor
3 Poor streetscape Public access enhancement
4 Narrow streets & bridges Multiple mode of transportation
6 Less economic vitality Tourist destination & commercial spot
7 No recreational spaces Mixed use development
6.2 Steps of the Vision
Design strategy: 1
• Create multiple destinations
Figure 88Design Strategy - 1(Source: Author)
Design strategy: 2
• Use activity to connect destinations through green space like parks, green
corridor, pedestrian ways etc.

Design strategy: 3
• Enhance public access
Figure 90Design Strategy - 3 (Source: Author)
Design strategy: 4
• Support multiple modes of transportation

Design strategy: 5
• Enhance economic vitality
Figure 92 Design Strategy - 5(Source: Author)
Design strategy: 6
• Mixed use development
Figure 93 Design Strategy - 6(Source: Author)

6.3 Application of the Design Guidelines to nag riverfront
6.3.1 Recommendations on the basis of urban design
Location
• Promote the waterfront activities at strategic locations. (Identify key
location with major water views and create activity nodes & destinations
where possible)
Function
• Provide diversified opportunities for different functions (economic
development, public enjoyment and civic identity).
• Promote the waterfront front vitality both day and night.
• Design the riverline to optimize the visual and functional value.
• Activities must be grouped so they will function in relation to each other.
Attraction
• Maximize the amenity value of sites with good natural settings.
• Promote mixed use development with public oriented activity.
• Create focal points and activities nodes.
• Promote retailing and leisure activities to the water edge.
Integration
• Avoid mismatched development in terms of water view, form and scale.
• Promote land use continuity by improving linkage system.
• Promote harmony in the visual relationships and transition between the
new and existing development.
• Promote integration of waterfront recreation areas with adjoining land
uses in terms of pedestrian, access and landscape design frameworks.

Sense of Place
• Protect the waterfronts historic value.
• Significant historical structures and landmarks should always preserve or
conserve.
• New developments or major improvement works should complement with
the old urban fabric and the street identity and special characteristic
should preserve or retain.
Access
• Enhance physical access at various levels.
• Promote visual accessibility.
• Multi functional pedestrian access is recommend with diverse variety of
experiences.
• Visual Quality maximizes the amenity value of the waterfront.
• Promote visual interest of waterfront outlook in terms of land use, built
form and landscape treatments.
• Avoid objectionable views.
• Pedestrian oriented promenade with lookout points or view corridor
should promote to be capitalized the beauty of waterfront.
• Physical layout and build form should allow maximum waterfront views.
• Special location of vertical elements such as buildings or sculptures always
has great visual impact and may act as points of reference or landmarks.
• Horizontal elements such as special designed paving pattern may create
visual interest.
• A particular paving material throughout a series of spaces would provide
continuity and sometimes used to define the direction and hierarchy of
spaces.

6.3.2 Environmental and Landscape Recommendation

• Reduce hardscape by using materials which gives good percolation and
creates impervious surfaces.
• Protect existing green areas and encourage ecosystem by planting the
right and local plant species.
• Ghats to be designated to encourage the interaction with water.
• Ample illumination along paths and Ghats.
• Plantation of trees giving shade along pathways and Ghats.
• Create good landscape to enhance environment.
• Street furniture that goes with the place to be set up.
• All trees within the green belt to be protected.
6.3.3 Parks and Recreational Recommendation

• Parks should be continuous, thus creating longer corridors for movement.
• Proper landscaping in parks should be done.
• Jogging tracks, open spaces, view-points, playgrounds etc should be
designed.
• Public facilities in every recreational space should be provided.
• Security and vigilance should be provided.
6.3.4 Pollution Control Recommendation

• All sewage to be intercepted by Main sewer running parallel to the river.
• No sewage inlet into the river.
• Green spaces and bugger zones to be provided wherever possible.
• No encroachment on the riverfront.
• Dumping of untreated sewage and disposal of garbage in the river should
be strictly prohibited.
• Siltation of river should be done for removing the settled particles
increasing the depth of the river.

• The unplanned growth of the shrubs and plants should be removed for
designed landscape.
6.3.5 Design Recommendation

• Buildings in and adjacent to the green belt should give access to the green
belt.
• Visual barriers like tall fences, masonry walls, etc. should not be present.
• Restaurants, shops, malls, etc. are encouraged to face the riverfront.
• Parking spaces should be shielded from the view.
• Safety should be given priority.
• The banks of the river should be re-engineered to protect the riverfront
from damage due to floods.
• Sidewalks should be provided to encourage pedestrian streets leading to
the river.
• Control on building heights should be implemented for better views.
• Pedestrian paths leading to the river should be properly landscaped.
• Public participation should be encouraged.

6.4 Proposal:
Based on all the information that was made available to me, from the various
local contacts, the initial site analysis, literature study, case studies and the
incredible amount of community input, I tried to develop a program for the
thesis. After long hours of analyzing the data and various studies conducted in
this report a design began to take form. The program included not only a set of
goals, objective and design concepts, but also a vision for the project.
The thesis incorporated all of the natural beauty the site had and looked to
emphasize all of the potential it held for the future of the area and region,
although, majority area of the site will be allocated for open space. The plan
includes open spaces connected by pedestrian and bicycle trails which are easily
accessible to the public. Paths will be designed to connect with existing trail
systems.
6.4.1 Proposed Activities:

• Retaining wall to protect the Natural waterfront.
• Land filling to reclaim the remaining land along the canal.
• Waterfront parks & footpath
• Gaming zones & Sport Center
• Retail shops & Weekly local bazaar
• Flower Gardens
• Exhibition, museum, yoga Centre
• Children amusement parks
• Bridges to connect the River banks
• Ghats at some intervals.
• Restaurants and cafes
• Public gathering spaces
• Bicycle path
• Parking facility
• OAT

6.5 Design approach

I have divided the whole site into three different sections on the basis of roads
bisecting the site. Each zone will be designed separately but all three zones will
be interestedly connected to each other by using different spaces and functions.
Figure 94Division of site in four sections

6.5.1 Section 1:
Figure 95section 1-Site study
Figure 96 section 1 - Google Earth image

Figure 97 section 1- Existing site features
Figure 98 section 1- Potential areas for design

Figure 99 section 1 - Proposed activities

Proposal 1: section1 Plan of green area

Proposal 2: section 1- Plan of Park

6.5.2 Section 2:
Figure 100Section 2-Site Study
Figure 101section2-Google Earth image

Figure 102section 2- Existing site features
Figure 103section 2- Potential areas for design

Figure 104section 2- Proposed activities

Proposal 3: Section 2-View of Riverfront Recreation Space

Proposal 4: Section 2- View of Riverfront Playground

Proposal 5: Section 2- View of Market Area

6.5.3 Section 3:
Figure 105Section 3-Site Study
Figure 106 Section3- Google Earth image

Figure 107section 3- Existing site features
Figure 108section 3- Potential areas for design

Figure 109Section 3- Proposed activities

Proposal 6: Section 3- View of Proposed cultivated land

Proposal 7: Section 3- Plan of Open space and OAT

Proposal 8: Section 3- view of Riverfront Recreational Space

6.5.4 Section 4:
Figure 110 Section 4- Site Study
Figure 111 Section 4- Google Earth image

Figure 112 section 4- Existing site features
Figure 113 section 4- Potential areas for design

Figure 114 Section 4- Proposed activities

6.5.5 Conceptual design of river edge
Figure 115 Concept sketches

6.5.6 Promenade Detail:
Figure 116 proposed promenade plan

SECTION THROUGH GHAT Figure 117 Proposed sections

6.5.7 River sections
Figure 118 Proposed river sections

6.5.8 Proposed Riverfront Design for Study Area:
Figure 119 Proposed Riverfront Design

Figure 120 proposed riverfront design with surrounding

CONCLUSION:
Nagpur city at present has some ecological components left within it and around.
But with the development of city till date, it has come to notice that no due
consideration has been given to these natural areas. Though the river is in
neglect state and riverfront is abandoned right now,has the potential to create
large open space for recreation.
Nag-river is the only large open space present in the heart of the city. Infact, nag-
river divides the city in north and south Nagpur. Therefore it is felt that this area
can be treated as a precious conservation belt to stitch the city together at one
place. The future visualizes the growth of the city, thus the front of the river have
been developed as a major recreational resource and open space for the
metropolis of the future, with emphasising on retaining the character of the city
by curbing the growth of industry and trade and integrating the river by
preserving the natural asset as well as the manmade structures.
At present Nagpur Municipal Corporation is working on proposal to clean this
river and Nagpur people wants nag-river back in the city. Through this thesis I
have tried to solve the problem of losing nag river and heritage site of
Nagpur.This proposal would help to create vibrant open and recreational space
in a city, upgrade the economic condition, maintain an ecological balance as well
as attempt to improve disparities between settlements.
Overall, this project has highly beneficial economic impact, especially in
attracting new commercial, residential, mixed-use development along the river.
This thesis has shown a glimpse of what the nag-river can become with proper
design and planning.

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
Snehal S. Teltumbade
Proposed Riverfront Development for Rejuvenation of Nag-River, Nagpur
M.Arch. II (12510016)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
i. Otto, B., McCormick, K., &Leccese, M. (2004). “Ecological Riverfront Design:

Restoring Rivers, Connecting Communities”. Chicago: American Planning
Association.
ii. Roger Trancik (1986), Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design.
iii. Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city. Cambridge, MA: Technology Press and
Harvard University Press.
Reports/Publications:
iv. Gadpale K. H. (2013). “Impact of urbanization on urban water bodies: Case of

Nag River at Nagpur”. Cept University, Faculty of Planning & Public Policy,
Ahmadabad.
v. Rahman m. A. (2010). Development opportunities for the new waterfront in
south side of Kungsholmen in terms of tourism and recreation: an urban design
approach to vibrant urban waterfront development in Stockholm. Master Thesis,
KTH, Department of Urban Planning and Environment, Stockholm.
vi. Alagarsamy A. R. (2013). Riverfront development- Kanakapura. M.plan., CEPT
university, infrastructure planning, ahmedabad.
vii. Kumar N. (2012). Generating public space through canal front development:
Vijayawada city. B. Plan., School of Planning & Architecture, Department of
Planning, Vijayawada.
viii. Yassin, A. B., Bond, S., McDonagh, J. (2012). Principles for Sustainable Riverfront
Development for Malaysia. Journal of Techno-Social Vol.4
ix. Tjallingii, S. (1993). Ecopolis: Strategies for Ecologically Sound Urban
Development. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.
x. Timur U.P. (2013). “Urban Waterfront Regenerations”. Çankırı Karatekin
University, Department of Landscape Architecture, Çankırı, Turkey.
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xii. Agre P. (2013), “Pili Nadi and Nag River: Disregarded Sisters of Nagpur,
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xiii. Boon B M (2007). Proposed landscape redevelopment for commercial riverside
marketplace along jalan bambier at kuching waterfront, sarawak
Government reports/publications:
xiv. Nagpur Municipal Corporation, Rejuvenation of Nag River and Its Tributaries in
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xv. Seattle Department of Planning and Design, Waterfronts: open spaces and
interfaces of edge environments, 2012.
xvi. City of Westminster university development plan, 2007.
xvii. IL & FS. (2007). “Detailed Project Report, Godavari Riverfront Development.”
Nanded.
xviii. Patel, B. (2011). “Sabarmati Riverfront Development”. India Urban Conference,
Mysore.
Websites:
• http://www.nagpurpeople.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagpur
• http://ecosistemaurbano.com/portfolio/optimization-of-public-space/
• http://www.nagpuronline.in/city-guide/physical-features-of-nagpur
• http://www.pps.org/reference/turnwaterfrontaround/
• http://www.urbandesign.org/elements.html
• https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/spaces/characteristics.htm

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RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT FOR

REJUVENATION OF NAG-RIVER, NAGPUR

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

Place: Roorkee Ms. Snehal S. Teltumbade

Certified that report entitled “Riverfront Development for Rejuvenation of

Prof. Rita Ahuja

I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the Indian Institute of Technology,

Date: 16 June 2014

Rapid urban developments have replaced ecological components. This process

CHAPTER Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………01-04

1.1 Identification of Problems 01

1.2 Need of the Project 02

1.5 Scope & Limitations 03

2.0 CITY PROFILE – NAGPUR ……………………………………………..05-19

2.1 City Profile 05

2.1.2 Physiographical Feature 07

2.1.4 Demographic Characteristic 08

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2.2 Growth Pattern of the City 10

2.3 Land – Use map of Nagpur City 11

2.4 Physical Feature of the City 12

2.4.1 Water Bodies 14

2.4.2 River Lost in Nagpur 15

2.5 Nag – River 16

2.5.1 Origin of Nag River 17

2.5.2 River & Lakes are getting polluted due to 18

3.0 LITERATURE STUDY...………………………………………………… 20-41

3.2 Waterfront Development 20

3.2.2 Phase of Waterfront Development 21

3.2.3 Types of Waterfront 26

3.2.4 Reasons for Waterfront Development 29

3.3 Urban Design Study 29

3.3.1 Image of the City 29

3.3.2 Elements of Urban Structure 30

3.3.3 Principles for a Sustainable Development of Urban Waterfront area 32

3.3.4 Criteria of Waterfront Recreation Space 33

3.4 Public Space 37

3.4.1 Characteristic of Public Spaces 38

3.4.2 Types of Public Spaces and their Role 39

3.4.3 Street Design 40

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3.4.4 How to turn the Waterfront as a Public Place 41

4.0 CASE STUDIES …………………………………………………………... 42-62

4.1 Sabarmati Riverfront Development, Ahmadabad 42

4.2 Godavari Riverfront Development, Nanded 48

4.3 Kuching Riverfront Sarawak, Malaysia 53

4.4 Thames Riverfront in Westminster and London 58

5.0 STUDY AREA DELINEATION ….……………………………………… 63-80

5.2 Physical Feature of the Nag River 64

5.3 Data Concerning Nag River 65

5.4 Criteria for Selection of Site 66

5.5 Study of Zones of Nag River 67

5.5.3 Zone – 1 (Study Area) 72

5.6 Site Features 74

5.6.1 Movement Network 74

5.6.2 Land – Use 75

5.6.3 Build Un-Build Ratio 76

5.7 Site Conditions 78

5.8 Issues & Problems 79

5.9 SWOT Analysis 79

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