Water Resources Engineering

Question bank Full syllabus

) Explain Hydrological Cycle with neat sketch.

2) Define the following terms: Precipitation, Infiltration, Interception, Runoff, Transpiration, ø-index, w-index,
Evapotranspiration.

3) Measurement of rainfall with Non-Recording type Raingauge.

4) Explain any two Automatic Raingauges.

5) Explain all the methods for finding avg. depth of Rainfall.

6) Transpiration and its Measurements.

7) Factors affecting Evaporation and Transpiration.

8) Explain the process of evapotranspiration and its measurement.

9) Explain Factors affecting Evapotranspiration.

10) Explain process of infiltration and factor affecting its.

11) What is Infiltration Indices? Explain deferent types of indices.

12) Explain measurement of Infiltration by Infiltrometer.

13) Explain Horton’s equation with sketch.

14) A catchment area of 30 sq. km has one recording gauge. During a storm, the following mass curve of
rainfall was recorded:

Time from start of storm (Hour) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Accumulated rainfall (mm) 0 6 17 57 70 81 87 90
6 3
If the volume of runoff due to the storm measured is 1.2 x 10 m estimate the ø- index of catchment.

15) For a drainage basis of 600 km2, inohyets drawn for a storm gave the following data:

Inohyets (cm) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
Catchment - 35 90 150 310 430 600
2
area (km )
Estimate the avg. depth of precipitation over the basin.

16) Annual rainfall for the station X as well the avg. annual rainfall measured at 20 base stations located in a
meteorogically homogeneous region are given below:

Year 1946 ‘47 ‘48 ‘49 ‘50 ‘51 ‘52 ‘53 ‘54 ‘55 ‘56
Rainfall at X(cm) 120 153 172 127 108 126 190 112 97 86 111
Rainfall at 20 base 90 138 119 108 107 111 142 112 99 93 131

1957 ‘58 ‘59 ‘60 ‘61 ‘62 ‘63 ‘64 ‘65 ‘66
68 88 112 95 106 81 116 112 80 88
92 92 123 142 92 91 131 104 97 111
Test the consistency of 21 years data of annual rainfall measured at station X. Using double mass curve, adjust
the recorded data at station X and determine mean annual precipitation.
17) Results to determine Horton’s infiltration capacity (fct) in the exponential form are tabulated below:

Time (hr) 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.0
Fct(cm/hr) 5.60 3.20 2.10 1.50 1.20 1.10 1.0 1.0
Determine the Infiltration capacity exponential equation.
18) Define Unit Hydrograph. What are the assumptions undr1) Define Unit Hydrograph. What are the
assumptions underlying the Unit Hydrograph theory? Explain uses of Unit Hydrograph.
19) Explain various climatic factors affecting runoff.
20) Various factors affecting Runoff.
21) Define following: Divide Line, Concentration Point, Time of concentration, Drainage Density, Form
factor, Shape factor.
22) Define hydrograph and factor affecting it.
23) Unit Hydrograph. Explain its assumption and limitations, uses.
24) Explain S-Hydrograph and construction of it.
25) The ordinates of 3 hour unit hydrograph are given below:

Time 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Ordinates 0 10 25 20 16 12 9 7 5 3 0
Find the ordinates of 6 hour unit hydrograph for same.
26) The coordinates of 4 hour unit hydrograph are given in the table compute the ordinates of 8 hour UH.

Time 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
UH 0 20 50 150 120 90 70 50 30 20 10 0

27) A 12-hr. UH of a catchment is triangular in the shape with a base width of 144 hr and peak discharge of 23
m3/s. Calculate the area of the catchment.
28) Distinguish between: Confined and Unconfined Aquifer, Aquiclude and Aquitard, Specific yield and
storage coefficient
29) What is Darcy’s law? What are its limitations? How will you measure the coefficient of permeability of
soil?
30) Describe a method of determining the yield from an open well.
31) Define the following: Confined aquifer, Unconfined Aquifer, Specific yield, Specific retention.
32) Example based on yield of well.
33) Explain various causes of flood.
34) Explain flood wall and levees.
35) Explain Non-structural mitigation measures.
36) Structural mitigation measures.
37) Short note on flood management.