ENGG2310A/ESTR2300 Problem Set#4 Page 1

ENGG2310A/ESTR2300 (Fall 2018) Problem Set #4

Problem 4-1
Determine the instantaneous frequency in Hz, the corresponding bandwidth (also in Hz) , maximum
phase deviation and maximum frequency deviation, of each of the following signals:

(a) 10 cos(200t  )
3
(b) cos 200t cos(5 sin 2t )  2 sin 100t sin(5 sin 2t ) cos 100t
(c) 10cos 2 (108 )t  200cos 2 (103 )t 

Problem 4-2
Consider a narrowband FM signal approximately defined by
s(t )  Ac cos(2f c t )  Ac sin(2f c t ) sin(2f m t )
where fc is the carrier frequency and fm is the message signal frequency.

(a) Determine the envelope of this modulated signal. What is the ratio of the maximum to the
minimum value of this envelope?

(b) Determine the average power of the narrowband FM signal, expressed as a percentage of the
average power of the unmodulated carrier wave.
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Problem 4-3
A message signal m(t)=cos(20t) is fed into an FM modulator with a carrier signal
c(t)=10cos(2fct) and frequency modulation constant kf=100.
(a) Find the expression for the modulated FM signal.
(b) Determine the modulation index.
(c) Determine the bandwidth B of this FM signal.
(d) Determine the average power at the output of the FM modulator.
(e) Express the FM signal in terms of its frequency components (spectra).
(f) Determine how many harmonics should be selected to contain 99% of the modulated signal
power.
B B
(g) Determine the total power contained in the frequency band f c   f  f c  . (Use the
2 2
table for Bessel function in the lecture notes, when needed).
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Problem 4-4
The normalized sinusoidal signal m(t) has a bandwidth of 10,000Hz and its power content is 0.5W.
The carrier Acos2f0t has a power content of 200W. If m(t) modulates the carrier using the
following modulation formats, what will be the bandwidth and the power content of the modulated
signal?
(a) DSB-SC
(b) AM (DSB-LC) with modulation index of 0.6
(c) FM with kf=50,000.
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Problem 4-5
The following figure shows a wideband FM transmitter, which consists of a narrowband FM
generator, a 3 frequency multiplier, an up-converter (an oscillator followed by a bandpass filter), a
2 frequency multiplier and another 3 frequency multiplier.
m(t) Narrowband A Frequency B C D Frequency E Frequency F s(t)

Bandpass
FM Multiplier Filter Multiplier Multiplier
Generator 3 2 3

Oscillator

An audio signal m(t), having a signal bandwidth of 3 kHz, is fed into the narrowband FM generator
and the narrowband FM signal obtained at point A has a carrier frequency of 12 MHz and a peak
frequency deviation of 0.7 kHz. The desired output carrier frequency of the wideband FM signal,
s(t), is 366 MHz.
(a) Determine the frequency of the oscillator in the up-converter. Hint: The output frequency of the
up-converter is higher than the input frequency.
(b) Determine the carrier frequency and the peak frequency deviation for the FM signals at points B,
D, and E.
(c) Determine the bandwidth required for the bandpass filter, which is centered at the carrier
frequency of the signal at point C.
(d) Determine the bandwidth of the output wideband FM signal s(t).
ENGG2310A/ESTR2300 Problem Set#4 Page 5

Problem 4-6

In a wide-band FM system, the output modulated signal exhibits the following power spectrum (in
the positive frequency), in which only up to the sixth-order sidebands are shown. The carrier
frequency is at 160 MHz and the modulation index is controlled to be at least 3 but at most 8.

Relative
Power
level
(Watts)

… …
0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Frequency (MHz)

(a) Estimate the modulation index, to two decimal places. You should state the assumption
whenever used.

(b) Suggest a method to suppress the carrier in the modulated FM signal and state the necessary
condition(s).
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Question 4-7
Design an FM modulator to generate an FM carrier with a carrier frequency of 98.1 MHz and peak
frequency deviation of 75 kHz. Here are the components or subsystems that are available for use:
(1) A narrowband FM generator with a carrier frequency of 100 kHz and a peak frequency
deviation of 10 Hz.
(2) An oscillator with an adjustable frequency in the range of 10 MHz to 11 MHz.
(3) Plenty of frequency multipliers with frequency multiplication factors of 2, 3 and 5, only.
(4) A signal mixer.
(5) A bandpass filter with adjustable carrier frequency and adjustable bandwidth.
Draw your design in form of block diagrams. Specify the name of the components/subsystems that
you have employed, and their specification values. Determine the required output frequency of the
oscillator.
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Problem 4-8
An audio signal X(t) is to be transmitted over a radio frequency (RF) channel with additive white
noise. It is required that the output SNR be greater than 40dB. Assume the following characteristics
for X(t) and the channel:
2
E[X(t)]=0, |X(t)|≤1 , SX=E[X (t)]=1/2, B=15kHz
-10
Power spectral density of white noise η/2=10 W/Hz
Power loss in channel = 50dB

Calculate the transmission bandwidth BT and the required average transmitted power ST for

(a) DSB-SC;

(b) AM with 100% modulation and envelope detection; and

(c) FM with a deviation ratio D=5.

ENGG2310A/ESTR2300 Problem Set#4 Page 8

Problem 4-9
A message signal m(t)=2cos(10πt) is fed into an FM modulator with a carrier signal
s(t)=0.5cos(2πfct) and frequency modulation constant kf = 30π.

(a) Determine the bandwidth of this FM signal.

(b) Determine the average power, in Watts, at the output of the FM modulator.

(c) If this FM signal is transmitted through an AWGN communication channel with a power loss of
50 dB and a noise power spectral density of 10-9 W/Hz, determine the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR), in dB, at the output of the FM demodulator at the receiver.