Designation: C 33/C 33M – 08

名称：C 33/C 33M – 08

Standard Specification for

标准规格
Concrete Aggregates1
1
混凝土骨料
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 33/C 33M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
本标准以固定名称 C 33/C 33M 发布；紧跟在指定之后的数字表示最初通过的年份，或者在修订的情况下，最后修订的年份。括号中的数字表示上次重新批准的年份。上标 epsilon (´)
表示自上次修订或重新批准以来的编辑更改。

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
该标准已被国防部的机构批准使用。

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

范围* 参考文献
1.1
This specification defines the requirements for grading and quality of fine 2.1
ASTM Standards:3
and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in ASTM标准：
3

concrete.2
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in
本规范定义了用于混凝土的细骨料和粗骨料（轻骨料或重骨料除外）的分级 Aggregate
2
和质量要求。 C 29/C 29M 堆积密度（“单位重量”）的测试方法 和骨料中的空隙
1.2 This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other C 40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggre-gates for Concrete
purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished. C 40 细骨料中有机杂质的试验方法 混凝土浇口
本规范供承包商、混凝土供应商或其他采购商用作描述要提供的材料的采购 C 87 Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in FineAggregate on
文件的一部分。 Strength of Mortar
NOTE 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfac- tory materials for most C 87 细粒中有机杂质影响的试验方法 砂浆强度的总和
concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less C 88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or
restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may Magnesium Sulfate
be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should C 88 通过使用集料的稳固性测试方法 硫酸钠或硫酸镁
ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with C 117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No.200) Sieve in
regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.
Mineral Aggregates by Washing
注 1——本规范被认为足以确保大多数混凝土的材料令人满意。人们认识到，对于某
些工作或在某些地区，它可能比需要的限制更多或更少。例如，在美学很重要的情况下，
C 117 细于 75-µm 的材料的测试方法（No. 200) 通过洗涤筛分矿物聚集
可以考虑对会污染混凝土表面的杂质进行更严格的限制。指定者应确定指定的骨料在工 体
作区域中是可用的或可以在工作区域中提供的，关于分级、物理或化学特性，或其组合。 C 123 Test Method for Lightweight Particles in AggregateC 125
Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
1.3 This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the
C 123 骨料中轻质颗粒的试验方法 C 125 与混凝土和混凝土有关的术语
quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other
specific grading requirements. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for Aggregates
the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of determining the pro- portions of 聚合体
fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small- Size Coarse
or approved. Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles Machine
该规范还用于项目规范，以定义骨料的质量、骨料的名义最大尺寸和其他特 C 131 抗降解性的试验方法 磨蚀和冲击下的粗骨料尺寸 天使机
定的分级要求。负责选择混凝土混合物比例的人员应负责确定细骨料和粗骨 C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
料的比例，并在需要或批准时添加混合骨料尺寸。 C 136 细粒和粗粒筛分分析的试验方法 聚合体
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded C 142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates
separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact C 142 粘土块和易碎颗粒的试验方法 聚合体
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the C 150 波特兰水泥规范
standard. C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate
以 SI 单位或英寸-磅单位表示的值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值 Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
可能不完全相等；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。结合来自两个系统的值 C 227 潜在碱反应性的测试方法 水泥-骨料组合（砂浆-棒法）
可能会导致不符合标准。 C 289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity ofAggregates
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide (Chemical Method)
explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and C 289 潜在碱-二氧化硅反应性的测试方法 骨料（化学法）
figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete Aggregates
本标准的正文引用了注释和脚注，它们提供了解释性材料。这些注释和脚注 C 294 成分的描述性命名法 混凝土骨料
（不包括表格和图中的）不应视为本标准的要求。 C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregatesfor Concrete
C 295 骨料岩相检验指南 混凝土用
C 311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans
for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the
direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
C 311 飞灰或飞灰取样和测试的测试方法 用于硅酸盐水泥混凝土的天然
1
本规范由关于混凝土和混凝土骨料的 ASTM 委员会 C09 管辖，并且是关于正常重量骨料的小组委员会 C09.20 火山灰
的直接责任。
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural Concrete
edition approved in 2007 as C 33 – 07. 结构用轻质骨料规范 天然混凝土
当前版本于 2008 年 12 月 1 日批准。2009 年 1 月发布。最初于 1921 年批准。上一版于 2007 年批准为
C 33 – 07。
2
For lightweight aggregates, see Specifications C 330, C 331, and C 332; for heavyweight aggregates see
Specification C 637 and Descriptive NomenclatureC 638.
2
对于轻骨料，请参见规范 C 330 , C 331 ，和 C 332 ;重量级骨料见规格 C 637 和描述性命名法 C 638 . 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
page onthe ASTM website.
3
如需参考 ASTM 标准，请访问 ASTM 网站， www.astm.org， 或联系 ASTM 客户服务部 service@astm.org。
有关 ASTM 标准年鉴卷信息，请参阅 ASTM 网站上标准的文件摘要页面。
1
 *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
*变更摘要部分出现在本标准的末尾。
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
版权所有 © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States。

2
 C 33/C 33M – 08
C 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con- crete Masonry Units 4.2 Include in the purchase order for aggregates the follow- ing information,
混凝土用轻质骨料规范 混凝土砌体单元 as applicable:
C 332 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Insulat-ing Concrete 在采购订单中包括以下信息（如适用）：
绝缘用轻质骨料规范 混凝土
C 342 Test Method for Potential Volume Change of Cement-Aggregate
4.2.1 Reference to this specification, as C 33 ,
参考本规范，如 C 33 ，
Combinations4
C 342 潜在体积变化的测试方法 水泥骨料组合 4 4.2.2 Whether the order is for fine aggregate or for coarse aggregate,
C 441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace 无论订单是细骨料还是粗骨料，
Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex- pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali- 4.2.3 Quantity, in metric tons or tons,
Silica Reaction 数量，以公吨或吨为单位，
C 441 火山灰或火山灰有效性的测试方法 高炉矿渣防止超标 碱-二氧化
4.2.4 When the order is for fine aggregate:
硅反应引起的混凝土变质 当订单是细骨料时：
C 535 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large- Size Coarse
Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles Machine 4.2.4.1 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 7.3 applies,
C 535 抗降解性的试验方法 磨蚀和冲击下的粗骨料尺寸 天使机 是否限制反应材料在 7.3 适用，
C 586 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Car- bonate Rocks as 4.2.4.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1) which salt is to be
Concrete Aggregates (Rock-Cylinder Method) used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfateor magnesium sulfate shall be used,
C 586 汽车潜在碱反应性的试验方法 作为混凝土骨料的有骨岩石（Rock- 在硫酸盐稳健性测试的情况下（见 8.1 ) 使用哪种盐。如果没有说明，应使
Cylinder 方法） 用硫酸钠或硫酸镁，
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements 4.2.4.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than 75-µm (No. 200) sieve
C 595 混合水硬水泥规范 (see Table 1). If not stated, the 3.0 % limit shallapply,
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan 细于 75 µm（No. 200）筛子的材料的适当限制（见 表 1 ）。如果没有说明，
for Use in Concrete 则应适用 3.0% 的限制，
C 618 粉煤灰和生的或煅烧的粉煤灰规范 用于混凝土的天然火山灰 4.2.4.4 The appropriate limit for coal and lignite (see Table 1). If not stated,
C 637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcrete the 1.0 % limit shall apply,
辐射屏蔽用集料规范 混凝土 煤和褐煤的适当限值（见 表 ）。如果没有说明，则应适用 1.0% 的限制，
C 638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for
Radiation-Shielding Concrete
4.2.5 When the order is for coarse aggregate:
当订单是粗骨料时：
聚合成分的描述性命名法 用于辐射屏蔽混凝土的浇口
C 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing 4.2.5.1 The grading (size number) (see 10.1 and Table 2), or alternate grading
and Thawing as agreed between the purchaser and aggre- gate supplier.
C 666/C 666M 混凝土抵抗力的试验方法 快速冷冻和解冻 分级（尺码）（见 10.1 和 表 2 )，或由买方和骨料供应商商定的替代分
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in 级。
Concrete and Mortars 4.2.5.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 3),
C 989 磨碎的高炉规范 用于混凝土和砂浆的矿渣 类别名称（见 11.1 和 表 3 ),
C 1105 Test Method for Length Change of Concrete Due toAlkali-Carbonate
Rock Reaction
4.2.5.3 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 11.2applies,
是否限制反应材料在 11.2 适用，
C 1105 混凝土长度变化的试验方法 碱碳酸盐岩反应
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1240 4.2.5.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table 3), which salt is to
Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be
C 1157 液压水泥性能规范 C 1240 水泥用硅粉规范 used, and
在硫酸盐稳健性测试的情况下（见 表 )，使用哪种盐。如果没有说明，应
Mixtures
使用硫酸钠或硫酸镁，并且
混合物
C 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar 4.2.6 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (see Note 1).
Method) 本规范的任何例外或补充（见 注 1 ).
C 1260 潜在碱反应性的测试方法 骨料（砂浆棒法） 4.3 Include in project specifications for aggregates the following information,
C 1293 Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to as applicable:
Alkali-Silica Reaction 在项目规范中包括以下信息（如适用）：
C 1293 测定长度变化的试验方法 混凝土由于碱-二氧化硅反应 4.3.1 Reference to this specification, as C 33 .
C 1567 Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali- Silica Reactivity of 参考本规范，作为 C 33 。
Combinations of Cementitious Mate- rials and Aggregate (Accelerated
Mortar-Bar Method) 4.3.2 When the aggregate being described is fine aggregate:
C 1567 测定潜在碱的试验方法 水泥基材料组合的二氧化硅反应性 里亚 当所描述的骨料是细骨料时：
尔和骨料（加速砂浆棒法） 4.3.2.1 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 7.3 applies,
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates 是否限制反应材料在 适用，
D 75 抽样聚合的实践 4.3.2.2 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see 8.1) which salt is to be
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfateor magnesium sulfate shall be used.
D 3665 施工随机抽样实践 材料 在硫酸盐稳健性测试的情况下（见 ) 使用哪种盐。如果没有说明，则应使
E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes 用硫酸钠或硫酸镁。
E 11 试验用钢丝布和筛子规范 目的 4.3.2.3 The appropriate limit for material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200)
sieve (see Table 1). If not stated, the 3.0 % limit shall apply, and
3. Terminology 比 75 µm（200 号）筛子更细的材料的适当限制（参见 表 1 ）。如果没有
术语 说明，则应适用 3.0% 的限制，并且
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C 4.3.2.4 The limit that applies with regard to coal and lignite (Table 1). If not
125. stated, the 1.0 % limit shall apply.
本标准所用术语的定义见术语 适用于煤和褐煤的限值 ( 表 1 ）。如果没有说明，则应适用 1.0% 的限制。

TABLE 1 Limits for Deleterious Substances in Fine Aggregatefor Concrete

表 1 混凝土细集料中有害物质的限量
骨 购买者应包括
4. Ordering and Specifying Information 料
订购和指定信息 的
4.1 The direct purchaser of aggregates shall include the 直
接
3
 M
Item a
项目 s
s

P
e
r
c
e
n
t

o
f

T
o
t
a
l

S
a
m
p
l
e
,
m
a
x
总
样
品
的
质
量
百
分
比
，
最
大
值
Clay lumps and friable particles 3.0
information in 4.2 in the purchase order as applicable. A project specifier shall include 粘土块和易碎颗粒 3.0
in the project documents information to describe the aggregate to be used in the Material finer than 75-µm (No. 200) sieve:
--`,,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

小于 75 微米（200 号）筛子的材料：
project from theapplicable items in 4.3. Concrete subject to abrasion 3.0A
混凝土易磨损 3.0A
信息在 4.2 在适用的采购订单中。项目说明者应在项目文件中包含描述项目中 All other concrete 5.0A
使用的集合体的信息。 4.3 所有其他混凝土 5.0A
Coal and lignite:
煤炭和褐煤：
Where surface appearance of concrete 0.5
混凝土表面外观
is of importance
很重要
All other concrete 1.0
所有其他混凝土 1.0
4 A
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org. In the case of manufactured sand, if the material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve consists of the dust of
4
撤回。该历史标准的最后批准版本参考于 www.astm.org。 fracture, essentially free of clay or shale, these limits are permitted to be increased to 5 and 7 %, respectively.
A
在人工砂的情况下，如果比 75 微米（No. 200）筛更细的材料由断裂粉尘组成，基本上不含粘土或页岩，则允
许将这些限制增加到 5 和 7 %，分别。

4
 TABLE 2 Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregates
表 2 粗骨料的分级要求
Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Sieve (Square-Openings), Mass Percent
Nominal Size (Sieves with 比每个实验室筛（方孔）细的数量，质量百分比
Size Number Square Openings)
公称尺寸（方形开口筛 100 90 mm(3 ⁄ in.)
1
2 75 mm 63 mm(2 ⁄ in.)
1
2 50 mm 37.5 mm(1 ⁄ 1
2 25.0 mm(1 19.0 mm( ⁄ 3
4 12.5 mm( ⁄ 1
2 9.5 mm( ⁄ 3
8 4.75 mm 2.36 mm 1.18 mm 300 µm
尺码
子） mm (4 90 毫米（3 ⁄2 1
75 毫米 63 毫米（2 ⁄2 1
50 毫米 in.) in.) in.) in.) in.) (No. 4) (No. 8) (No. 16) (No.50)
in.) 英寸） (3 in.) 英寸） (2 in.) 37.5 毫米 25.0 毫米 19.0 毫米 12.5 毫米 9.5 毫米 4.75 毫米 2.36 毫米 1.18 毫米 300μm （第
毫米（4 （3 英寸） （2 英寸） （1 ⁄2 英
1
（1 英 （ ⁄4 英
3
（ ⁄2 英
1
（ ⁄8 英
3
（第 4 （8 号） （16 号） 50号）
英寸） 寸） 寸） 寸） 寸） 寸） 号）

1 90 to 37.5 mm 100 90 to 100 ... 25 to 60 ... 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ... ... ...
90 至 37.5 毫米 90 到 100 25 至 60 0 到 15 0 到 5
(3 ⁄ to 1 ⁄ in.)1
2
1
2

（3 ⁄2 至 1 ⁄2 英寸） 1 1

2 63 to 37.5 mm ... ... 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ... ... ...
63 至 37.5 毫米 90 到 100 35 至 70 0 到 15 0 到 5
(2 ⁄ to 1 ⁄ in.)1
2
1
2

(2 ⁄2 至 1 ⁄2 英寸) 1 1

3 50 to 25.0 mm ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 35 to 70 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ... ...
50 至 25.0 毫米 90 到 100 35 至 70 0 到 15 0 到 5
(2 to 1 in.)
（2 到 1 英寸）

357 50 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... 100 95 to 100 ... 35 to 70 ... 10 to 30 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ...
50 至 4.75 毫米 95 到 100 35 至 70 10 到 30 0 到 5
(2 in. to No. 4)
（2 英寸到 4 号）

4 37.5 to 19.0 mm ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 ... 0 to 5 ... ... ... ...
37.5 至 19.0 毫米 90 到 100 20 至 55 0 到 15 0 到 5
(1 ⁄ to ⁄ in.) 1
2
3
4

（1 ⁄2 至 ⁄4 英寸） 1 3

467 37.5 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... 100 95 to 100 ... 35 to 70 ... 10 to 30 0 to 5 ... ... ...
37.5 至 4.75 毫米 95 到 100 35 至 70 10 到 30 0 到 5
(1 ⁄ in. to No. 4)
1
2

(1 ⁄2 英寸至 4 号) 1

5 25.0 to 12.5 mm ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 ... ... ... ...
3

25.0 至 12.5 毫米 90 到 100 20 至 55 0 到 10 0 到 5

(1 to ⁄ in.) 1
2

（1 至 ⁄2 英寸） 1

56 25.0 to 9.5 mm ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 40 to 85 10 to 40 0 to 15 0 to 5 ... ... ...
25.0 至 9.5 毫米 90 到 100 40 至 85 10 到 40 0 到 15 0 到 5
(1 to ⁄ in.) 3
8

（1 至 ⁄8 英寸） 3

57 25.0 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... ... 100 95 to 100 ... 25 to 60 ... 0 to 10 0 to 5 ... ...
25.0 至 4.75 毫米 95 到 100 25 至 60 0 到 10 0 到 5
(1 in. to No. 4)

C 33/C 33M – 08
（1 英寸到 4 号）

6 19.0 to 9.5 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 0 to 15 0 to 5 ... ... ...
19.0 至 9.5 毫米 90 到 100 20 至 55 0 到 15 0 到 5
( ⁄ to ⁄ in.) 3
4
3
8

( ⁄4 至 ⁄8 英寸) 3 3

67 19.0 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 ... 20 to 55 0 to 10 0 to 5 ... ...
19.0 至 4.75 毫米 90 到 100 20 至 55 0 到 10 0 到 5
( ⁄ in. to No. 4)
3
4

( ⁄4 英寸至 4 号)
3

7 12.5 to 4.75 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 40 to 70 0 to 15 0 to 5 ... ...
12.5 至 4.75 毫米 90 到 100 40 到 70 0 到 15 0 到 5
( ⁄ in. to No. 4)
1
2

( ⁄2 英寸至 4 号)
1

8 9.5 to 2.36 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 85 to 100 10 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5 ...
9.5 至 2.36 毫米 85 到 100 10 到 30 0 到 10 0 到 5
( ⁄ in. to No. 8)
3
8

( ⁄8 英寸至 8 号)
3

89 9.5 to 1.18 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 90 to 100 20 to 55 5 to 30 0 to 10 0 to 5
9.5 至 1.18 毫米 90 到 100 20 至 55 5 到 30 0 到 10 0 到 5
( ⁄ in. to No. 16)
3
8

( ⁄8 英寸至 16 号)
3

9 A 4.75 to 1.18 mm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 85 to 100 10 to 40 0 to 10 0 to 5
4.75 至 1.18 毫米 85 到 100 10 到 40 0 到 10 0 到 5
(No. 4 to No. 16)
（第 4 号至第 16 号）
A Size number 9 aggregate is defined in Terminology C 125 as a fine aggregate. It is included as a coarse aggregate when it is combined with a size number 8 material to create a size number 89, which is a coarseaggregate as defined by Terminology C 125.
A
9 号聚合在术语中定义 C 125 作为细骨料。当它与 8 号材料组合以创建 89 号材料时，它作为粗骨料包括在内，这是术语定义的粗骨料

--`,,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 TABLE 3 Limits for Deleterious Substances and Physical Property Requirements of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete
表 3 混凝土粗集料有害物质限量和物理性能要求

NOTE 1—See Fig. 1 for the location of the weathering regions and Note 9 for guidance in using the map. The weathering regions are defined as follows:
注 1——见 图 1 风化区域的位置和 注释 9 为使用地图提供指导。风化区定义如下：
(S) Severe Weathering Region—A cold climate where concrete is exposed to deicing chemicals or other aggressive agents, orwhere concrete may become saturated by
continued contact with moisture or free water prior to repeated freezing and thawing.
(S) 严重风化区——寒冷气候，混凝土暴露于除冰化学品或其他侵蚀性物质，或者在反复冻融之前，混凝土可能因持续接触水分或游离水而变得饱和。
(M) Moderate Weathering Region—A climate where occasional freezing is expected, but where concrete in outdoor service will notbe continually exposed to freezing
and thawing in the presence of moisture or to deicing chemicals.
中度风化区——预计偶尔会结冰的气候，但室外使用的混凝土不会在潮湿或除冰化学品的情况下持续暴露在冻融环境中。
(N) Negligible Weathering Region—A climate where concrete is rarely exposed to freezing in the presence of moisture.
可忽略的风化区——混凝土在潮湿环境中很少受到冻结的气候。
Maximum Allowable, %Sum of

Clay
最大允许值，% 粘土总和
Class Type or Location of Concrete Clay Lumps Lumps, Friable Magnesium
and Friable Par- Chert (Less Than Particles, and Chert Material Finer Than Coal and Sulfate
Designation Construction 2.40 spgr SSD) 75-µm (No. 200) AbrasionA
班级名称 混凝土结构的类型或位置 粘土块和易 (Less Than 2.40 sp Lignite A
Soundness (5
碎的Par- Chet（小于 2.40 gr SSD) Sieve 煤炭和褐煤 磨损 cycles)B
ticles sp gr SSD） 团块、易碎颗粒和燧 比 75 微米（No. 200） 硫酸镁稳定性
小贴士 石（小于 2.40 sp 更细的材料筛 （5 次循环）
B

gr SSD）

Severe Weathering Regions

严重风化地区
1S Footings, foundations, columns and 10.0 ... ... 1.0C 1.0 50 ...
基础、基础、柱子和
beams not exposed to the weather, in-
梁不受天气影响，在-
terior floor slabs to be given coverings

C 33/C 33M – 08
2S 将被给予覆盖物的楼板 5.0 ... ... 1.0C 0.5 50 ...
Interior floors without coverings
没有覆盖物的室内地板
4

3S Foundation walls above grade, retaining 5.0 5.0 7.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
地基墙以上，挡土
walls, abutments, piers, girders, and
墙、桥台、桥墩、大梁和
beams exposed to the weather
4S 暴露在天气中的梁 3.0 5.0 5.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
Pavements, bridge decks, driveways
人行道、桥面、车道
and curbs, walks, patios, garage floors,
和路缘石、步道、露台、车库地板，
exposed floors and porches, or water-
暴露的地板和门廊，或水
front structures, subject to frequent
前端结构，受频繁
wetting
5S 润湿 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
Exposed architectural concrete
外露建筑混凝土
Moderate Weathering Regions
中度风化区
1M Footings, foundations, columns, and 10.0 ... ... 1.0C 1.0 50 ...
基础、基础、柱子和
beams not exposed to the weather, in-
梁不受天气影响，在-
A Crushed air-cooled blast-furnace slag is excluded from the abrasion requirements. The rodded or jigged bulk density (unit weight) of crushed air-cooled blast-furnace slag shall be not less than 1120 kg/m 3 [70 lb/ft3]. The grading of slag used in the bulk density (unit weight) test shall conform to the

grading to be used in the concrete. Abrasion loss of gravel, crushed gravel, or crushed stone shall be determined on the test size or sizes most nearly corresponding to the grading or gradings to be used in the concrete. When more than one grading is to be used, the limit on abrasion loss shall apply
to each. terior floor slabs to be given coverings
2M粉碎的风冷高炉炉渣不属于磨损要求。粉碎后的风冷高炉炉渣的棒状或格状堆积密度（单位重量）应不小于1120
A
将被给予覆盖物的楼板 5.0
3 3
... ... 1.0C
kg/m [70 lb/ft ]。容重（单位重量）试验中所用矿渣的级配应与混凝土中使用的级配一致。砾石、碎砾石或碎石的磨损损失应根据与混凝土中使用的一个或多个等级最接近的一个或多个测 0.5 50 ...
试尺寸来确定。当使用多个等级时，磨损损失的限制应适用于每个等级。 Interior floors without coverings
B The allowable limits for soundness shall be 12 % if sodium sulfate is used.
B
如果使用硫酸钠，健全性的允许限值应为 没有覆盖物的室内地板 12%。
C
3MC This percentage under either Foundation walls
of the following above
conditions: (1) grade, retaining
is permitted to be increased to 1.5 if the material 5.0
is essentially free of clay or shale; 8.0 10.0
or (2) if the source of the fine aggregate to be 1.0 0.5
used in the concrete is known 50 maximum amount passing
to contain less than the specified 18 the 75-
) the percentage limit (L) on the amount in the coarse aggregate is permitted to be increased to L = 1 + [(P)/(100 − P)] ( T − A), where P = percentage of sand in the concrete as a percent of total aggregate, T = the Table 1 limit for the amount permitted in the
µm (No. 200) sieve (Table 1地基墙以上，挡土
fine aggregate, and A = the actual amount in the fine aggregate. (This provides a weighted calculation designed to limit the maximum mass of material passing the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in the concrete to that which would be obtained if both the fine and coarse aggregate were supplied at the maximum
tabulated percentage for each walls,
of these abutments,
ingredients.) piers, girders, and
C
在以下任一条件下，该百分比：(1) 墙、桥台、桥墩、大梁和
允许增加到 1.5 如果材料基本上不含粘土或页岩；或 (2) 如果已知用于混凝土的细骨料的来源含有小于规定的最大量，通过 75 微米（200 号）筛子（ 表 1 ) 允许将粗骨料中的百分比限制 (L) 增加到 L =1+ [(P)/(100 − P)] (T− A)，其中 P = 混凝土中砂的
百分比作为总总量的百分比，T = 表 1 细骨料中允许的数量限制，A = 细骨料中的实际数量。 （这提供了一种加权计算，旨在将混凝土中通过 75 微米（No. 200）筛子的材料的最大质量限制为如果细骨料和粗骨料都以最大列表百分比提供给每种材料时获得的质量。这些成分。）
beams exposed to the weather
4M 暴露在天气中的梁 5.0 5.0 7.0 1.0C 0.5 50 18
--`,,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 C 33/C 33M – 08
不满足这些分级要求的细骨料应满足本节的要求，前提是供应商可以向买方或
4.3.3
When the aggregate being described is coarse aggre- gate, include: 指定者证明使用所考虑的细骨料制成的指定等级的混凝土将具有相关性能（见
当所描述的骨料是粗骨料时，包括：
注 4 ) 至少等于用相同成分制成的混凝土的那些
4.3.3.1 The nominal maximum size or sizes permitted, based on thickness of
section or spacing of reinforcing bars or other criteria. In lieu of stating the nominal
maximum size, the specifier shall designate an appropriate size number or numbers
(see 10.1 and Table 2). Designation of a size number to indicate a nominal size shall
not restrict the person responsible for selecting proportions from combining two or
more gradings of aggregate to obtain a desired grading, provided that the gradings
are not otherwise restricted by the project specifier and the nominal maximum size
indicated by the size number isnot exceeded,
允许的公称最大尺寸或尺寸，基于截面厚度或钢筋间距或其他标准。代替说
明公称最大尺寸，说明者应指定一个或多个适当的尺寸编号（见 和 表
2 ）。指定用于指示标称尺寸的尺寸编号不应限制负责选择比例的人员从组
合两个或多个骨料分级以获得所需分级，前提是分级不受项目说明者和标称
最大尺寸的其他限制不超过尺码所指示的，
4.3.3.2 The class designation (see 11.1 and Table 3),
类别名称（见 和 表 3
4.3.3.3 Whether the restriction on reactive materials in 11.2applies,
是否限制反应材料在 适用，
4.3.3.4 In the case of the sulfate soundness test (see Table 3), which salt is to
be used. If none is stated, either sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate shall be
used, and
在硫酸盐稳健性测试的情况下（见 表 )，使用哪种盐。如果没有说明，应
使用硫酸钠或硫酸镁，并且
4.3.4 The person responsible for selecting the concrete proportions if other
than the concrete producer.
如果不是混凝土生产商，则负责选择混凝土比例的人。
4.3.5 Any exceptions or additions to this specification (see Note 1).
本规范的任何例外或补充（见 注 1

FINE AGGREGATE
细骨料

5. General Characteristics
一般特性
5.1 Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand, manufac- tured sand, or a
combination thereof.
细骨料应由天然砂、人工砂或其组合组成。

6. Grading
分级
6.1 Sieve Analysis—Fine aggregate, except as provided in
筛分分析 - 细骨料，除非在
6.2 and 6.3 shall be graded within the following limits:
和 6.3 应在以下范围内分级：
Sieve (Specification E 11) Percent Passing
筛子（规格 ) 通过百分比
9.5-mm ( ⁄ -in.)
3
8 100
9.5 毫米（ ⁄8 英寸） 3

4.75-mm (No. 4) 95 to 100

4.75 毫米（第 4 号） 95 到 100
2.36-mm (No. 8) 80 to 100
2.36 毫米（8 号） 80 到 100
1.18-mm (No. 16) 50 to 85
1.18 毫米（16 号） 50 至 85
600-µm (No. 30) 25 to 60
600-μm （第30号） 25 至 60
300-µm (No. 50) 5 to 30
300-μm （第50号） 5 到 30
150-µm (No. 100) 0 to 10
150 微米（第 100 号） 0 到 10

NOTE 2—Concrete with fine aggregate gradings near the minimums for percent passing the 300
µm (No.50) and 150 µm (No.100) sometimes have difficulties with workability, pumping or
excessive bleeding. The addition of entrained air, additional cement, or the addition of an
approved mineral admixture to supply the deficient fines, are methods used to alleviate such
difficulties.
注 2——细骨料等级接近最小值的混凝土通过 300 微米（50 号）和 150 微米（100
号）的百分比有时会出现和易性、泵送或过度泌水方面的困难。添加夹带空气、添加水
泥或添加经批准的矿物掺合料以供应不足的细粉，是用于缓解此类困难的方法。

6.2 The fine aggregate shall have not more than 45 % passing any sieve and
retained on the next consecutive sieve of those shown in 6.1, and its fineness
modulus shall be not less than 2.3 nor more than 3.1.
细骨料通过任何筛子的比例不得超过 45%，并保留在下一个连续筛子中所示
的筛子上 6.1 ，细度模数不小于2.3不大于3.1。
6.3 Fine aggregate failing to meet these grading require- ments shall meet the
requirements of this section provided that the supplier can demonstrate to the
purchaser or specifier that concrete of the class specified, made with fine aggregate 9
under consideration, will have relevant properties (see Note 4) at least equal to
those of concrete made with the same ingredi-
 C 33/C 33M – 08
Except as herein provided, aggregates subjected to the test for organic impurities
NOTE 3—Fine aggregate that conforms to the grading requirements of a specification,
prepared by another organization such as a state transpor- tation agency, which is in general and producing a color darker than the standard shall be rejected.
use in the area, should be considered as having a satisfactory service record with regard to 细骨料应不含有害量的有机杂质。除本文规定外，经有机杂质测试且颜色比
those concrete properties affected by grading. 标准更深的骨料应拒收。
注 3——符合规范分级要求的细骨料，由其他组织（如该地区普遍使用的国家运输
机构）制备，应被视为在这些混凝土性能方面具有令人满意的服务记录受等级影响。
7.2.2 Use of a fine aggregate failing in the test is not prohibited, provided that
NOTE 4—Relevant properties are those properties of the concrete that are important to the
the discoloration is due principally to the presence of small quantities of coal, lignite,
particular application being considered. STP 169D5 provides a discussion of important or similar discrete particles.
concrete properties. 不禁止使用未通过测试的细骨料，前提是变色主要是由于存在少量煤、褐煤
5
注 4——相关特性是对所考虑的特定应用很重要的混凝土特性。 STP 169D 讨论了重 或类似的离散颗粒。
要的混凝土特性。
7.2.3 Use of a fine aggregate failing in the test is not prohibited, provided that,
6.4 For continuing shipments of fine aggregate from a given source, the when tested for the effect of organic impurities on strength of mortar, the relative
fineness modulus shall not vary more than 0.20 from the base fineness modulus. strength at 7 days, calculated in accordance with Test Method C 87, is not less than
The base fineness modulus shall be that value that is typical of the source. The 95 %.
purchaser or specifier has the authority to approve a change in the base fineness 不禁止使用未通过测试的细骨料，条件是在测试有机杂质对砂浆强度的影响
modulus. 时，根据测试方法计算 7 天的相对强度 ，不低于 95%。
对于来自给定来源的细骨料的连续运输，细度模数与基本细度模数的变化不 7.3 Fine aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended
应超过 0.20。基础细度模数应为该源的典型值。购买者或指定者有权批准 exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any
更改基本细度模数。 materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalies in the cement in an
amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or concrete, except that if
NOTE 5—The base fineness modulus should be determined from previous tests, or if no such materials are present in injurious amounts, use of the fine aggregate is not
previous tests exist, from the average of the fineness modulus values for the first ten samples (or prohibited when used with a cement containing less than 0.60 % alkalies calculated
all preceding samples if less than ten) on the order. The proportioning of a concrete mixture may as sodium oxide equivalent (Na2O + 0.658K2O) or with the addition of a material
be dependent on the base fineness modulus of the fine aggregate to be used. Therefore, when it that has been shown to prevent harmful expansion due to the alkali-aggregate
appears that the base fineness modulus is considerably different from the value used in the
reaction. (See Appendix X1.)
concrete mixture, a suitable adjustment in the mixture may be necessary.
注 5——基础细度模数应根据之前的测试确定，或者如果没有之前的测试存在，则 用于潮湿、长时间暴露于潮湿环境或与潮湿地面接触的混凝土中的细骨料不
从订单上前十个样品（或所有之前的样品，如果小于十个）的细度模量值的平均值确定。 应含有任何与水泥中的碱发生有害反应的材料，其含量足以导致砂浆过度膨
混凝土混合物的配比可能取决于要使用的细骨料的基本细度模数。因此，当基础细度模 胀或混凝土，但如果此类材料的含量有害，当与含碱量低于 0.60% 的水泥一
数与混凝土混合物中使用的值显着不同时，可能需要对混合物进行适当的调整。 起使用时，不禁止使用细骨料，按氧化钠当量 (Na2O + 0.658K2O 计算) ) 或
添加一种材料，该材料已被证明可以防止由于碱骨料反应引起的有害膨胀。
7. Deleterious Substances （见 附录 X1 .)
有害物质
7.1 The amount of deleterious substances in fine aggregate shall not exceed 8. Soundness
the limits prescribed in Table 1. 健全性
细骨料中有害物质的含量不得超过 表 1
8.1 Except as provided in 8.2 and 8.3, fine aggregate subjected to five
7.2 Organic Impurities: cycles of the soundness test shall have a
有机杂质： 除非另有规定 8.2 和 8.3 , 细骨料经过五次稳健性试验后应具有
7.2.1 Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities.
ents, with the exception that the reference fine aggregate shall
ents，但参考细骨料应
be selected from a source having an acceptable performancerecord in similar 5
Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete MakingMaterials, STP 169D, ASTM, 2006.
concrete construction. 5
混凝土和混凝土制造材料的测试和性能的重要性，STP 169D，ASTM，2006。
从在类似混凝土结构中具有可接受的性能记录的来源中选择。

10
 C 33/C 33M – 08
weighted average loss not greater than 10 % when sodium sulfate is used or 15 % used as aggregate, may reduce freeze-thaw resistance, affect air void properties or degrade
when magnesium sulfate is used. during handling, mixing, or placing. Crushed concrete may have constituents that would be
使用硫酸钠时，加权平均损失不大于 10%，使用硫酸镁时不大于 15%。 susceptible to alkali- aggregate reactivity or sulfate attack in the new concrete or may bring
sulfates, chlorides, or organic material to the new concrete in its pore structure.
8.2 Fine aggregate failing to meet the requirements of 8.1 shall be regarded as 用作骨料，可能会降低抗冻融性，影响空隙特性或在处理、混合或放置过程中降解。破
meeting the requirements of this section provided that the supplier demonstrates to 碎的混凝土可能含有对新混凝土中的碱集料反应性或硫酸盐侵蚀敏感的成分，或者可能
the purchaser or specifier that concrete of comparable properties, made from 将硫酸盐、氯化物或有机材料带到新混凝土的孔隙结构中。
similar aggregate from the same source, has given satisfactory service when
exposed to weathering similar to that to be encountered.
10. Grading
细骨料达不到要求 应视为满足本节的要求，前提是供应商向买方或指定者
分级
证明，由相同来源的类似骨料制成的具有可比性能的混凝土，在暴露于与所
遇到的类似的风化条件下时已提供令人满意的服务。 10.1 Coarse aggregates shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table
2 for the size number specified.
8.3 Fine aggregate not having a demonstrable service record and failing to meet
the requirements of 8.1 shall be regarded as meeting the requirements of this section 粗骨料应符合规定的要求 表 2 对于指定的尺寸编号。
provided that the supplier demonstrates to the purchaser or specifier it gives NOTE 7—The ranges shown in Table 2 are by necessity very wide in order to accommodate
satisfactory results in concrete subjected to freezing and thawing tests (see Test nationwide conditions. For quality control of any specific operation, a producer should develop
Method C 666/C 666M). an average grading for the particular source and production facilities, and should control the
细骨料没有明显的使用记录，不符合要求 8.1 应视为满足本节的要求，前 produc- tion gradings within reasonable tolerances from this average. Where coarse aggregate
size numbers 357 or 467 are used, the aggregate should be furnished in at least two separate
提是供应商向买方或指定者证明其在经受冻融试验的混凝土中给出了令人满
sizes.
意的结果（见试验方法 注 7——图中所示的范围 表 2 必须非常广泛，以适应全国的情况。对于任何特定操
作的质量控制，生产商应制定特定来源和生产设施的平均等级，并应将生产等级控制在
COARSE AGGREGATE 该平均值的合理容差范围内。如果使用粗骨料尺寸编号 357 或 467，则骨料应至少提供
粗骨料 两种不同的尺寸。

9. General Characteristics 11. Deleterious Substances

一般特性 有害物质
9.1 Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone, air- 11.1 Except for the provisions of 11.3, the limits given in Table 3 shall apply
cooled blast furnace slag, or crushed hydraulic-cement concrete (see Note 6), or a for the class of coarse aggregate designated in the purchase order or other document
combination thereof, conforming to the requirements of this specification. (see Note 8 and Note 9). If the class is not specified, the requirements for Class 3S,
粗骨料应包括砾石、碎砾石、碎石、风冷高炉矿渣或碎水硬水泥混凝土（见 3M, or 1N shall apply in the severe, moderate, and negligible weathering regions,
注 6 ) 或其组合，符合本规范的要求。 respectively (see Table 3 and Fig. 1).
除上述规定外 11.3 , 中给出的限制 表 3 应申请采购订单或其他文件中指
NOTE 6—Although crushed hydraulic-cement concrete has been used as an aggregate with 定的粗骨料类别（见 注释 8 和 注意 9 ）。如果未指定等级，则 3S、3M
reported satisfactory results, its use may require some additional precautions. Mixing water
requirements may be increased because of the harshness of the aggregate. Partially deteriorated 或 1N 的要求应分别适用于严重、中度和可忽略的风化区域（见 表 3 和 图
concrete, 1
注 6——虽然粉碎的水硬水泥混凝土已被用作骨料并报告了令人满意的结果，但它的
使用可能需要一些额外的预防措施。由于骨料的硬度，混合水的需求可能会增加。部分 NOTE 8—The specifier of the aggregate should designate the class of coarse aggregate to be
used in the work, based on weathering severity, abrasion, and other factors of exposure (see
恶化的混凝土，
Table 3 and Fig. 1) . The limits
注 8——骨料的说明者应根据风化严重程度、磨损和其他暴露因素（见 表 3 和 图
1 )。限制

11
 C 33/C 33M – 08

FIG. 1 Location of Weathering Regions

图。 1 风化区位置

12
 C 33/C 33M – 08
for coarse aggregate corresponding to each class designation are expected to ensure specification. Make the required tests on test specimens that comply with
satisfactory performance in concrete for the respective type and location of requirements of the designated test methods. It is not prohibited to use the
construction. Selecting a class with unduly restrictive limits may result in same test specimen for sieve analysis and for determination of material finer
unnecessary cost if materials meeting those requirements are not locally available. than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve. The use of separated sizes from the sieve
Selecting a class with lenient limits may result in unsatisfactory performance and analysis is acceptable for soundness or abrasion tests, however, addi- tional
premature deterioration of the concrete. While concrete in different parts of a single test specimen preparation is required (see Note 10). For other test procedures
structure may be adequately made with different classes of coarse aggregate, the and the evaluation of potential alkali reactivity, when required, use
specifier may wish to require the coarse aggregate for all concrete to conform to the
independent test specimens.
same more restrictive class to reduce the chance of furnishing concrete with
thewrong class of aggregate, especially on smaller projects. 规范。对符合指定试验方法要求的试样进行必要的试验。不禁止使用相
对应于每个类别名称的粗骨料，预计将确保在相应类型和施工位置的混凝土 同的试样进行筛分分析和测定比 75 微米（200 号）筛更细的材料。使
中具有令人满意的性能。如果当地无法获得满足这些要求的材料，则选择具 用从筛分分析中分离出来的尺寸对于健全性或磨损测试是可以接受的，
有过度限制的类别可能会导致不必要的成本。选择具有宽松限制的等级可能 但是，需要额外的试样制备（见 注释 10 ）。对于其他测试程序和潜
会导致混凝土性能不理想和过早劣化。虽然单个结构不同部分的混凝土可能 在碱反应性的评估，当需要时，使用独立的测试样品。
由不同类别的粗骨料制成，但规范者可能希望要求所有混凝土的粗骨料符合
相同的更严格的类别，以减少用错误的粗骨料提供混凝土的机会。聚合类， NOTE 10—The material used for the soundness test requires resieving to allow
尤其是在较小的项目中。 proper test specimen preparation as specified in Test MethodC 88.
NOTE 9—For coarse aggregate in concrete exposed to weathering, the map with 注 10——用于稳固性测试的材料需要重新筛分，以便按照测试方法中的规
the weathering regions shown in Fig. 1 is intended to serve only as a guide to 定进行适当的试样制备
probable weathering severity. Those undertaking construc- tion, especially near the
boundaries of weathering regions, should consult local weather bureau records for 12.1.1 Sampling—Practice D 75 and Practice D 3665.
amount of winter precipitation and number of freeze-thaw cycles to be expected, 采样——练习 D 75 与实践
for determining the weathering severity for establishing test requirements of the 12.1.2 Grading and Fineness Modulus—Test Method C 136.
coarse aggregate. For construction at altitudes exceeding 1520 m [5000 ft] above
sea level, the likelihood of more severe weathering than indicated by the map
分级和细度模量——测试方法
should be considered. In arid areas, severity of weathering may be less than that 12.1.3 Amount of Material Finer than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve—Test
indicated. In either case, the definitions of weathering severity in Table 3 would Method C 117.
govern. If there is doubt in choosing between two regions, select the more severe 小于 75-µm 的材料量（No. 200）筛—测试方法
weathering region.
注 9——对于暴露于风化的混凝土中的粗骨料，带有风化区域的地图显示 12.1.4 Organic Impurities—Test Method C 40.
在 图 1 仅用作可能的风化严重程度的指南。那些施工人员，特别是在风化 有机杂质——测试方法
区边界附近，应查阅当地气象局记录的冬季降水量和预计冻融循环次数，以 12.1.5 Effect of Organic Impurities on Strength—Test Method C 87.
确定风化严重程度，以确定粗骨料的测试要求。对于海拔超过 1520 m [5000 有机杂质对强度的影响——测试方法
ft] 的建筑，应考虑比地图所示更严重风化的可能性。在干旱地区，风化的
严重程度可能低于所示。在这两种情况下，风化严重程度的定义 表 3 会治
12.1.6 Soundness—Test Method C 88.
理。如果在两个地区之间进行选择有疑问，请选择风化较严重的地区。
稳健性——测试方法

11.2 Coarse aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, 12.1.7 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles— Test MethodC 142.
extended exposure to humid atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall 粘土块和易碎颗粒——测试方法
not contain any materials that are deleteriously reactive with the alkalies in the 12.1.8 Coal and Lignite—Test Method C 123, using a liquid of 2.0
cement in an amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of mortar or specific gravity to remove the particles of coal and lignite. Only material that
concrete except that if such materials are present in injurious amounts, the is brownish-black, or black, shall be considered coal or lignite. Coke shall not
coarse aggregate is not prohibited when used with a cement containing less be classed as coal or lignite.
than 0.60 % alkalies calculated as sodium oxide equivalent (Na2O + 0.658K2O) 煤和褐煤——测试方法 ，使用比重为2.0的液体去除煤和褐煤的颗粒。
or with the addition of a material that has been shown to prevent harmful 只有棕黑色或黑色的材料才被视为煤或褐煤。焦炭不应归类为煤或褐煤。
expansion due to the alkali-aggregate reaction. (See Appendix X1.)
混凝土中使用的粗骨料会受到润湿、长时间暴露于潮湿环境或与潮湿地 12.1.9 Bulk Density (Unit Weight) of Slag—Test Method C 29/C 29M.
面接触，不得含有任何与水泥中的碱发生有害反应的物质，其含量足以 炉渣的堆积密度（单位重量）——测试方法
导致砂浆过度膨胀或混凝土，除非此类材料的含量有害，当与含碱量低 12.1.10 Abrasion of Coarse Aggregate—Test Method C 131 or Test
于 0.60% 的水泥一起使用时，粗骨料不被禁止，以氧化钠当量 (Na2O + Method C 535.
0.658K2O) 计算或与添加一种已被证明可以防止由于碱骨料反应引起的 粗骨料的磨损——测试方法 或测试方法
--`,,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

有害膨胀的材料。 （见 附录 12.1.11 Reactive Aggregates—See Appendix X1.

11.3 Coarse aggregate having test results exceeding the limits specified 反应性聚合——见 附录 X1
in Table 3 shall be regarded as meeting the requirements of this section
provided the supplier demonstrates to the purchaser or specifier that concrete 12.1.12 Freezing and Thawing—Procedures for making freezing and
made with similar aggregate from the same source has given satisfactory thawing tests of concrete are described in Test Method C 666/C 666M.
service when exposed in a similar manner to that to be encountered; or, in the 冻融——混凝土冻融试验的程序在试验方法中描述
absence of a demonstrable service record, provided that the aggregate 12.1.13 Chert—Test Method C 123 is used to identify particles in a
produces concrete having satisfactory relevant properties (see Note 4). sample of coarse aggregate lighter than 2.40 specific gravity, and Guide C 295
粗骨料的测试结果超过规定的限制 表 3 如果供应商向购买者或指定者 to identify which of the particles in the light fraction are chert.
证明用相同来源的类似骨料制成的混凝土在以与所遇到的类似方式暴露 燧石—测试方法 用于识别比重小于2.40的粗骨料样品中的颗粒，并指
时提供了令人满意的服务，则应被视为满足本节的要求；或者，在没有 导 识别轻质部分中的哪些颗粒是燧石。
可证明的使用记录的情况下，只要骨料生产的混凝土具有令人满意的相
关性能（见 注 4 13. Keywords
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 关键词
抽样和测试方法 13.1 aggregates; coarse aggregate; concrete aggregates; fineaggregate
聚合体；粗骨料；混凝土骨料；细骨料
12. Methods of Sampling and Testing
抽样和测试方法
12.1 Sample and test the aggregates in accordance with the following
methods, except as otherwise provided in this
除本法另有规定外，按下列方法对骨料进行取样和试验

13
 C 33/C 33M – 08
APPENDIX
附录

(Nonmandatory Information)
（非强制性信息）

X1. METHODS FOR EVALUATING POTENTIAL FOR DELETERIOUS EXPANSION DUE TO ALKALI REACTIVITY OF ANAGGREGATE
X1。评估由于集料的碱反应性造成有害膨胀的可能性的方法

X1.1 Introduction cussion of which have been associated with deleterious expan- sion due to alkali
X1.1 简介 reaction.
X1.1.1 Laboratory Methods—Many test methods for evalu- ating the potential 由于碱反应，其碰撞与有害膨胀有关。
for deleterious expansion due to alkali reactivity of an aggregate have been X1.2.1.2 Guide C 295 (Petrographic Examination of Aggregates)—This guide
proposed and some have been adopted as ASTM standards. However, there is no outlines the procedures for examin- ing an aggregate sample or a sample from a
general agreement on the relation between the results of these tests and the amount potential aggregate source to determine whether substances that are potentially
of expansion to be expected or tolerated in service. Therefore, evaluation of the deleteriously reactive are present; and, if so, in what amounts.
suitability of an aggregate should be based upon judgment, interpretation of test X1.2.1.2 指南 C 295（骨料的岩相检验）——本指南概述了检查骨料样
data, and results of examinations of concrete structures containing the same 品或来自潜在骨料来源的样品以确定是否存在潜在有害反应物质的程序；如
aggregates and similar cementitious materials having similar levels of alkalies. 果是这样，金额是多少。
Results of the tests referred to in this appendix may assist in making the evaluation. X1.2.1.3 Alkali-Silica Reaction—Certain materials are known to be potentially
When interpret- ing expansion of laboratory specimens, consideration should be deleteriously alkali-silica reactive. These include forms of silica such as opal,
given not only to expansion values at specific ages, but also to the shape of the chalcedony, tridymite, and cristobalite; cryptocrystalline and microcrystal- line,
expansion curve, which may indicate whether the expansion is leveling off or strained, or highly fractured quartz; and intermediate to acid (silica-rich) volcanic
continuing at a constant or accelerating rate. glass such as is likely to occur in rhyolite, andesite, or dacite. Determination of the
X1.1.1 实验室方法——已经提出了许多用于评估由于集料的碱反应性引 presence and quantities of these materials by petrographic examination is helpful in
起的有害膨胀的可能性的测试方法，其中一些已被采纳为 ASTM 标准。然而， evaluating potential alkali reactivity. An aggregate can be potentially deleteriously
对于这些测试的结果与服役中预期或容许的膨胀量之间的关系，没有普遍的 reactive when some of these materials, such as opal, are present in very small
共识。因此，评估集料的适用性应基于判断、测试数据的解释以及对含有相 quantities (forexample, 1 %).
同集料和具有相似碱含量的相似胶结材料的混凝土结构的检查结果。本附录 X1.2.1.3 碱-二氧化硅反应——已知某些材料具有潜在有害的碱-二氧化
中提及的测试结果可能有助于进行评估。在解释实验室标本的膨胀时，不仅 硅反应性。这些包括二氧化硅的形式，如蛋白石、玉髓、鳞石英和方石英；
应考虑特定年龄的膨胀值，还应考虑膨胀曲线的形状， 这可能表明扩张是趋 隐晶质和微晶质、应变或高度断裂的石英；以及酸性（富含二氧化硅）火山
于平稳还是以恒定或加速的速度继续。 玻璃的中间体，例如可能出现在流纹岩、安山岩或英安岩中。通过岩相学检
X1.1.2 Service Record Evaluation—Valid, comparable con- crete service record 查确定这些材料的存在和数量有助于评估潜在的碱反应性。当这些材料中的
data, if available, should take precedence over laboratory test results in most cases. 一些（例如蛋白石）以非常少量（例如，1%）存在时，聚集体可能具有潜在
To be considered valid, a record of satisfactory service should be available for at 的有害反应性。
least 10 years for aggregates, cementitious materials, and exposures sufficiently X1.2.1.4 Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction—The reaction of dolomite in certain
similar to those in which an aggregate is being considered for future use. Longer carbonate rocks with alkalies has been associated with deleterious expansion of
periods of documented service may be required for proposed work designed for a concrete containing such rocks as coarse aggregate. The most rapidly reactive
particularly long service life in moist conditions, or if labora- tory test results show carbonate rocks possess a characteristic texture in which relatively large crystals of
that the aggregate may be deleteriously reactive. dolomite are scattered in a finer- grained matrix of calcite and clay. These rocks
X1.1.2 服务记录评估——在大多数情况下，有效的、可比较的具体服务 also have a composition in which the carbonate portion consists of sub- stantial
记录数据（如果可用）应优先于实验室测试结果。要被认为是有效的，对于 amounts of both dolomite and calcite, and the acid- insoluble residue contains a
骨料、胶结材料和暴露在与考虑将来使用骨料的情况非常相似的情况下，应 significant amount of clay. Certain purely dolomitic rocks also may produce slow
提供至少 10 年的令人满意的服务记录。为在潮湿条件下特别长的使用寿命 expansion in concrete.
而设计的拟议工作可能需要更长时间的记录服务，或者如果实验室测试结果 X1.2.1.4 碱-碳酸盐岩反应——某些碳酸盐岩中的白云石与碱的反应与含
表明骨料可能具有有害的反应性。 有粗骨料等岩石的混凝土的有害膨胀有关。反应最迅速的碳酸盐岩具有一种
X1.1.3 Mitigation of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction—If an ag- gregate has been 特征结构，其中较大的白云石晶体散布在方解石和粘土的细粒基质中。这些
judged to be potentially deleteriously reactive in concrete either through laboratory 岩石的成分还包括碳酸盐部分由大量白云石和方解石组成，酸不溶性残渣含
or service record evalu- ation, use of the aggregate should be considered with 有大量粘土。某些纯白云岩也可能在混凝土中产生缓慢膨胀。
measures known to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction.
See the mitigation sections in this appendix under X1.3 Alkali-Silica Reaction and X1.3 Alkali-Silica Reaction
X1.4 Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction and References cited for discussion of X1.3 碱-二氧化硅反应
prevention strategies for new concrete.
X1.1.3 碱集料反应的缓解——如果通过实验室或服务记录评估判断集料 X1.3.1 Test Method C 289 (Chemical Method)—The results of the test are values
在混凝土中具有潜在的有害反应性，则应考虑使用集料并采取已知措施以防 for the quantities of dissolved silica (Sc) and reduction in alkalinity (Rc) for each of
止由于碱集料引起的过度膨胀反应。请参阅本附录中的缓解部分 X1.3 碱硅 the three test portions from the prepared aggregate test sample. Aggregates
represented by plotted points (Sc, Rc), which lie on the deleterious side of the solid
反应和 X1.4 碱-碳酸盐岩石反应和参考文献用于讨论新混凝土的预防策略。
curve of Fig. X1.1 of Test Method C 289 usually should be considered potentially
reactive. Three regions are delineated in the figure: (1) aggregates considered
X1.2 Background
innocuous; (2) aggregates considered potentially deleterious; and (3) aggregates
X1.2 背景
considered deleterious. Aggregates repre- sented by points lying in the potentially
X1.2.1 Background information on alkali-aggregate reac- tion can be found in deleterious region above the dashed line in Fig. X1.1 of Test Method C 289 may
Ref (1)6, Descriptive Nomenclature C 294, and Guide C 295 as discussed as follows. give relatively low expansions in mortar or concrete even though they are extremely
Additional discussion is included in Refs (2) (3). These references address both reactive with alkalies. The test can be made quickly and can provide helpful
alkali-silica reaction and alkali-carbonate rock reaction. information, except for slowly reactive rocks such as some granitic gneiss and
6
X1.2.1 碱-骨料反应的背景信息可在参考文献（ ) ，描述性命名法 C quartzite. Also, as pointed out in the appendix to Test Method C 289, the results
294, 和指南 C 295 讨论如下。其他讨论包含在参考文献（ ) ( ）。这些参 may not be correct for aggregates containing
考文献涉及碱-二氧化硅反应和碱-碳酸盐岩石反应。 X1.3.1 测试方法 C 289（化学方法）——测试结果是三个测试部分中每
X1.2.1.1 Descriptive Nomenclature C 294 for Constituents of Concrete 一个的溶解二氧化硅量 (Sc和碱度降低 (Rc的值。准备骨料测试样品。由绘制
Aggregates—This nomenclature provides descrip- tions of constituents of mineral 点 (Sc, Rc表示的聚集体，它们位于测试方法图 X1.1 实线曲线的有害侧 C
aggregates and includes dis- 289 通常应该被认为是潜在的反应性。图中描绘了三个区域：(1) 被认为无
X1.2.1.1 混凝土骨料成分的描述性术语 C 294——该术语提供了矿物骨 害的聚集体； (2) 被认为可能有害的聚集体； (3) 被认为有害的聚集体。
--`,,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,

料成分的描述，包括 由位于测试方法图 X1.1 中虚线上方潜在有害区域中的点表示的聚集体 即

使砂浆或混凝土与碱具有极强的反应性，它们也可能在砂浆或混凝土中产生
相对较低的膨胀。该测试可以快速进行，并可以提供有用的信息，除了一些
6
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
6 缓慢反应的岩石，如一些花岗片麻岩和石英岩。此外，正如测试方法的附录
括号中的粗体数字是指本标准末尾的参考文献列表。
中所指出的 C 289, 对于包含以下内容的聚合，结果可能不正确
14
 C 33/C 33M – 08
carbonates or magnesium silicates, such as antigorite (serpen- tine), or constituents
producing late-slow reactivity. See the appendix to Test Method C 289 for a
discussion of the interpretation of results and applicable references. If test results
indicate deleterious or potentially deleterious character, the aggregates should be
tested in accordance with Test Methods C 227 or C 1293 to verify the potential for
expansion in concrete.
碳酸盐或硅酸镁，例如叶蛇纹石（蛇纹石），或产生迟缓反应性的成分。见
附录测试方法 讨论结果的解释和适用的参考文献。如果测试结果表明有害
或潜在有害的特性，则应根据测试方法对骨料进行测试 或 验证混凝土膨
胀的可能性。
X1.3.2 Test Method C 227 (Mortar-Bar Method for Cement- Aggregate
Combinations)—The results of this test method, when a high-alkali cement is
used, furnish information on the likelihood of potentially deleterious expansion
occurring. The alkali content of the portland cement should be at least 0.8 %,
expressed as percent sodium oxide equivalent (%Na2O + 0.658 3 %K2O).
Combinations of aggregate and cementitious ma- terials that have produced
excessive expansions in this test method should be considered potentially reactive.
While the line of demarcation between innocuous and potentially delete- rious
combinations is not clearly defined, expansion is gener- ally considered to be
excessive if it exceeds 0.05 % at 3 months or 0.10 % at 6 months. Expansions greater
than 0.05 % at 3 months should not be considered excessive when the 6-month
expansion remains below 0.10 %. Data for the 3-month tests should be considered
only when 6-month results are not available. The limits may not be
conservative for slowly reactive aggregates. Test Method C 227 is not suitable for
slowly reactive aggregates, and its use for this purpose is not advised (1, 2).
Aggregates suspected of being slowly reactive should be evaluated using Test
Method C 1260 or Test Method C 1293. Test Method C 227 is also used with a
specific reactive glass aggregate to verify the mitigation effectiveness of blended
cements meeting Specification C 595, with the Table 2 optional mortar expansion
requirement, and meeting Perfor- mance Specification C 1157 with Option R.
These procedures are similar to the provisions of Test Method C 441 discussed as
follows for mineral admixtures and ground slag.
X1.3.2 测试方法 C 227（水泥骨料组合的砂浆-棒方法）——当使用高碱
水泥时，该测试方法的结果提供了有关潜在有害膨胀发生可能性的信息。硅
酸 盐水 泥的 碱含量 应至 少为 0.8% ， 以氧 化钠 当量 百分 比表 示 (%Na2O +
0.658 3 %K2O)。在本测试方法中产生过度膨胀的骨料和胶结材料的组合应被
视为潜在的反应性。虽然无害和潜在有害组合之间的界限没有明确界定，但
如果在 3 个月时超过 0.05% 或在 6 个月时超过 0.10%，则通常认为扩张过
度。当 6 个月的扩张保持在 0.10% 以下时，不应认为 3 个月扩张超过
0.05%。只有当 6 个月的结果不可用时，才应考虑 3 个月测试的数据。 对
于反应缓慢的聚集体，这些限制可能并不保守。测试方法 不适用于反应
缓慢的聚集体，不建议将其用于此目的（ ）。怀疑反应缓慢的聚集体应
使用测试方法进行评估 C 1260 或测试方法 .测试方法 C 227 还与特定
的反应性玻璃骨料一起使用，以验证符合规范的混合水泥的缓解效果 C 595,
具有表 2 可选的砂浆膨胀要求，并满足性能规范 C 1157 与选项 R。这些
程序类似于测试方法的规定 C 441 下面讨论矿物掺合料和磨碎的矿渣。
X1.3.3 Test Method C 342 (Mortar Bars Subjected to Changes in Moisture and
Temperature)—This withdrawn test method was intended for research concerning
the potential expansion of cement-aggregate combinations involving se- lected
aggregates found in parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Ne- braska, and Iowa. Due to the
specimen conditioning proce- dures, the expansion of mortar bars in this test
method may not be related to alkali-silica reaction under normal-temperature
conditioning. Data on the use of this test method are given in the references cited
in a footnote in the test method. It is indicated that cement-aggregate
combinations tested by this procedure in which expansion equals or exceeds 0.20 %
at an age of 1 year may be considered unsatisfactory for use in concrete exposed to
wide variations of temperature and degree of saturation with water. This test method
is not recommendedfor use in regions other than previously cited.
X1.3.3 测试方法 C 342（受湿度和温度变化影响的砂浆棒）——这个撤
回的测试方法旨在研究水泥-骨料组合的潜在膨胀，包括在俄克拉荷马州、堪
萨斯州、内布拉斯加州和爱荷华州。由于试样调节程序，本试验方法中砂浆
棒的膨胀可能与常温调节下的碱-二氧化硅反应无关。在测试方法的脚注中引
用的参考文献中给出了使用该测试方法的数据。表明通过此程序测试的水泥-
骨料组合在 1 年时膨胀等于或超过 0.20% 可能被认为不能令人满意地用于
暴露在温度和水饱和度变化范围内的混凝土中。不建议将这种测试方法用于
之前引用的地区以外的地区。
X1.3.4 Test Method C 1260 (Mortar-Bar Method for Poten- tial Alkali Reactivity
of Aggregate)—This test method is an accelerated screening technique developed
for the detection of materials that develop deleterious expansions slowly over a long
period of time. Some aggregates that perform well in the field have been shown to
fail this test (4, 5). Results of this test
X1.3.4 测试方法 C 1260（骨料潜在碱反应性的砂浆棒法）——该测试方
法是一种加速筛选技术，用于检测在很长一段时间内缓慢产生有害膨胀的材
料。一些在该领域表现良好的骨料已被证明未能通过该测试（ ）。本次
测试结果
15
method should not be used for rejection of aggregates unless it has been established
using the sources of supplementary information cited in the test method that the
detected expansion is actually due to alkali-silica reaction. There is good agree-
ment in the published literature cited in the test method for the expansion limits: (1)
expansions of less than 0.10 % at 16 days after casting are indicative of innocuous
behavior in most cases; (2) expansions of more than 0.20 % at 16 days are
indicative of potentially deleterious expansion; and (3) expan- sions between 0.10
and 0.20 % at 16 days include both aggregates that are known to be innocuous and
deleterious in field performance. If test results indicate expansion greater than 0.10 %
at 16 days, the aggregate should be tested in accordance with Test Method C 1293
unless appropriate field experience demonstrates that it does not cause deleterious
expansion in concrete. (See X1.3.6.)
除非使用测试方法中引用的补充信息来源确定检测到的膨胀实际上是由于碱
- 二氧化硅反应引起的，否则该方法不应用于拒绝聚集体。在膨胀极限的测
试方法中引用的已发表文献中有很好的一致性： (1) 在大多数情况下，铸造
后 16 天的膨胀小于 0.10% 表明是无害行为； (2) 16 天时超过 0.20% 的
扩张表明潜在的有害扩张； (3) 16 天时 0.10% 和 0.20% 之间的膨胀包括
已知对田间性能无害和有害的两种聚集体。如果测试结果表明在 16 天时膨
胀大于 0.10%，则应根据测试方法对集料进行测试 C 1293 除非适当的现场
经验表明它不会在混凝土中引起有害的膨胀。 （见 X1.3.6
X1.3.5 Test Method C 1293 (Concrete Prism Method for Alkali-Silica
Reactivity)—The test method evaluates the aggre- gates independently, or
combinations of aggregate with poz- zolan or slag for potential alkali-silica reaction
expansion using concrete prisms. The test method is accelerated by using an
elevated alkali content and Test Method C 227 exposure conditions. The appendix
to Test Method C 1293 provides guidance on interpretation of the results. When
evaluating aggregates independently, those with expansions equal to or greater than
0.04 % at one year are considered potentially deleteriously reactive. When
evaluating combinations of poz- zolan or slag, the test is extended to two years
using the 0.04 % expansion limit. This test method is considered to be the most
reliable procedure among ASTM Test Methods for the evalu- ation of aggregates
for alkali-silica reaction.
X1.3.5 测试方法 C 1293（碱-二氧化硅反应性的混凝土棱柱方法）——
该测试方法独立评估骨料，或骨料与火山灰或矿渣的组合，使用混凝土棱柱
评估潜在的碱-二氧化硅反应膨胀。通过使用提高的碱含量和测试方法来加速
测试方法 暴露条件。试验方法附录 对结果的解释提供指导。在独立评估
骨料时，那些一年膨胀率等于或大于 0.04% 的骨料被认为是潜在的有害反应。
在评估火山灰或矿渣的组合时，使用 0.04 % 的膨胀极限将测试延长至两年。
该测试方法被认为是 ASTM 测试方法中最可靠的程序，用于评估碱 - 二氧化
硅反应的骨料。
X1.3.6 Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction—Normally if an aggregate is shown
to be nonreactive or innocuous by produc- ing little or no expansion in Test
Method C 1260 or Test Method C 1293, no mitigation is necessary. Similarly, if the
aggregate has a long satisfactory service record with similar cementitious materials
having similar or higher alkali levels, no mitigation is necessary. On the other hand,
use of aggregates judged to be potentially deleteriously alkali-silica reactive should
be considered with the use of measures known to prevent excessive expansion.
These include measures such as: low-alkali cement (Specification C 150 with the
low-alkali option); blended cements (Specification C 595 with the Table 2 optional
mortar expansion requirement or Performance Speci- fication C 1157 with Option
R); pozzolanic materials (meeting the optional physical requirement on
effectiveness in control- ling alkali-silica reaction in Specification C 618 or
reactivity with cement alkalies in Specification C 1240 for silica fume); or ground
slag (shown to be effective in preventing excessive expansion of concrete due to
alkali-aggregate reaction as discussed in Appendix X3 of Specification C 989). The
effec- tiveness of the cementitious materials or admixtures, or both, chosen to
mitigate a potentially reactive aggregate should be demonstrated through tests of
the individual materials, or tests of the proposed combination in concrete.
X1.3.6 碱-二氧化硅反应的缓解——通常，如果在测试方法中通过产生很
少或不产生膨胀而显示聚集体是无反应性或无害的 或测试方法 C 1293, 无
--`,,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
需缓解。类似地，如果骨料使用具有相似或更高碱含量的类似胶结材料具有
长期令人满意的服务记录，则无需缓解。另一方面，应考虑使用被判断为具
有潜在有害碱硅反应性的骨料，并采取已知措施防止过度膨胀。这些措施包
括：低碱水泥（规范 低碱选项）；混合水泥（规格 C 595 与表 2 可选的
砂浆膨胀要求或性能规范 使用选项 R)；火山灰材料（满足规范中对控制碱
-二氧化硅反应有效性的可选物理要求 或与规格中的水泥碱反应 C 1240
用于硅粉）；或磨碎的矿渣（已证明可有效防止由于碱骨料反应引起的混凝
土过度膨胀，如规范附录 X3 所述 ）。为减轻潜在反应性骨料而选择的胶
结材料或外加剂或两者的有效性应通过对单个材料的测试或在混凝土中拟议
组合的测试来证明。
X1.3.7 Test Method C 441 (Mortar-Bar Method for Effec- tiveness of Mineral
Admixtures or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of
Concrete Due to the
X1.3.7 测试方法 C 441（用于矿物掺合料或地面高炉矿渣防止混凝土由
于混凝土过度膨胀的有效性的砂浆棒方法）
 C 33/C 33M – 08
Alkali-Silica Reaction)—This test method evaluates cementi- tious materials in
mortar bars as in Test Method C 227 using highly-reactive borosilicate glass as the
aggregate. Specifica- tion C 618 provides a criterion for its use as applied to fly ash
and raw or calcined natural pozzolans when sampled and tested in accordance with
Test Methods C 311 by comparison with a control mortar made with low-alkali
cement. Specification C 1240 provides criteria for the use of Test Method C 441 to
evaluate silica fume for controlling expansion. Appendix X3 to Specification C 989
describes its use for ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Project specific materials
can be evaluated by proportioning the mortars according to the Job Mixture clause.
In evaluating the results of this test, it should be recognized that borosilicate glass
is more reactive than most construction aggregates; therefore, the amount of a
given pozzolan or ground slag necessary to control expansion with a portland
cement of given alkali content may be higher than needed to avoid deleterious
expansion with a particular con- struction aggregate.
碱-二氧化硅反应）—该测试方法与测试方法一样评估砂浆中的胶凝材料 使
用高反应性硼硅玻璃作为骨料。规格 C 618 当根据测试方法取样和测试时，
提供了适用于粉煤灰和未加工或煅烧的天然火山灰的使用标准 C 311 与用
低碱水泥制成的对照砂浆相比。规格 提供使用测试方法的标准 评估硅粉
控制膨胀。规范的附录 X3 描述了它用于磨碎的粒状高炉矿渣。可以通过根
据作业混合物条款对砂浆进行配比来评估项目特定材料。在评估该测试的结
果时，应该认识到硼硅玻璃比大多数建筑骨料更具反应性；因此，使用给定
碱含量的波特兰水泥控制膨胀所需的给定火山灰或磨碎的矿渣的量可能高于
避免特定建筑骨料的有害膨胀所需的量。
X1.3.8 Test Method C 1567 (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method for Determining
the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials
and Aggregate)— This test method evaluates specific combinations of aggregate
and cementitious materials composed of hydraulic cement and pozzolans or ground
granulated blast-furnace slag under stor- age conditions described in Test Method C
1260. Since the mortar specimens are stored in 1N NaOH solution, the test may
underestimate the effectiveness of cementitious materials that rely to a significant
degree on low alkali content for mitigation. In general, expansions less than 0.10 %
at 16 days are considered to indicate effective control of potential ASR- related
expansion of the aggregate by the specific combinationof cementitious materials.
X1.3.8 测试方法 C 1567（用于测定胶凝材料和骨料组合的潜在碱-二氧
化硅反应性的加速砂浆棒法）——该测试方法评估骨料和胶凝材料的特定组
合，由水凝水泥和火山灰组成或磨碎的颗粒在测试方法中描述的储存条件下
的高炉矿渣 .由于砂浆试样储存在 1N NaOH 溶液中，该测试可能会低估水
泥质材料的有效性，这些材料在很大程度上依赖于低碱含量来缓解。一般而
言，在 16 天时膨胀小于 0.10% 被认为表明通过胶结材料的特定组合有效控
制了骨料潜在的 ASR 相关膨胀。
X1.3.9 The use of Test Method C 1293 to evaluate the mitigation of potentially
reactive aggregates is discussed in X1.3.5.
X1.3.9 测试方法的使用 评估潜在反应性聚集体的缓解在 X1.3.5
X1.4 Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction
X1.4 碱碳酸盐岩反应
X1.4.1 Test Method C 586 (Rock Cylinders Method for Alkali-Carbonate Rock
Reaction)—Rocks that are capable of
X1.4.1 测试方法 C 586（用于碱-碳酸盐岩石反应的岩石圆柱体方法）—
—能够
REFERENCES
参考文献
(1) Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, Klieger,
Paul and Lamond, Joseph F., Eds, ASTM STP 169C, 1994, 623 pages. See Chapter 31 on
“Petrographic Evaluation of Concrete Aggregates,” by Richard C. Mielenz, Chapter 32 on
“Alkali- Silica Reactions in Concrete” by David Stark, and Chapter 33 on “Alkali-
Carbonate Rock Reaction” by Michael A. Ozol.
混凝土和混凝土制造材料的测试和性能的重要性， Klieger、Paul 和 Lamond、
Joseph F.、Eds，ASTM STP 169C，1994，623 页。参见 Richard C. Mielenz 第
31 章“混凝土集料的岩相学评估”，David Stark 第 32 章“混凝土中的碱硅反应”
和 Michael A. Ozol 第 33 章“碱-碳酸盐岩石反应”。
(2) “State-of-the-Art Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity” by ACI Committee 221 on
Aggregates, ACI 221.1R-98, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1998, 31
pages.
“关于碱集料反应性的最新报告”由 ACI 委员会 221 关于集料，ACI 221.1R-98，
美国混凝土研究所，法明顿希尔斯，密歇根州，1998 年，31 页。
(3) Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Berube, M. A., Fournier, B., and Durand, Eds,
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference, Quebec City, Canada, June 2000, 1402
pages. (Note—This conference and proceedings includes information on ASR and ACR in
concrete by
混凝土中的碱集料反应，Berube, M. A.、Fournier, B. 和 Durand, Eds，第 11
届国际会议论文集，加拿大魁北克市，2000 年 6 月，1402 页。 （注——本次会
议和会议记录包括关于 ASR 和 ACR 的具体信息
16
potentially deleterious carbonate rock reaction are relatively infrequent and seldom
constitute a significant proportion of a deposit of rock being considered for use in
making aggregate for concrete. Test Method C 586 has been successfully used in
research and in preliminary screening of aggregate sources to indicate the presence
of material with a potential for deleteri- ous expansions when used in concrete.
潜在有害的碳酸盐岩反应相对少见，并且很少构成被考虑用于制造混凝土骨
料的岩石沉积物的很大一部分。测试方法 C 586 已成功用于研究和骨料来
源的初步筛选，以表明在混凝土中使用时可能产生有害膨胀的材料的存在。
X1.4.2 Test Method C 1105 (Concrete-Prism Method for Alkali-Carbonate Rock
Reaction)—This test method is in- tended to evaluate specific combinations of
materials in con- crete when the aggregate is regarded as susceptible to delete-
rious expansion in service due to the alkali-carbonate rock reaction. The appendix
to Test Method C 1105 provides gen- eral information and references concerning
the interpretation of results. A cement-aggregate combination might reasonably be
classified as potentially deleteriously reactive if the average expansion of six
concrete specimens is equal to or greater than:
X1.4.2 测试方法 C 1105（碱-碳酸盐岩石反应的混凝土棱柱方法）——
该测试方法旨在评估混凝土中材料的特定组合，当骨料在使用中由于碱-碳酸
盐岩反应。试验方法附录 C 1105 提供有关结果解释的一般信息和参考。如
果六个混凝土试样的平均膨胀等于或大于：
0.015 % at 3 months; 0.025 % at 6 months; or 0.030 % at 1 year. Data for later
ages are preferred.
3 个月时为 0.015 %； 6 个月时为 0.025 %；或 0.030 % 在 1 年。较晚年
龄的数据是首选。
X1.4.3 Mitigation of Alkali-Carbonate Rock Reaction— Normally, if a
carbonate rock does not show the characteristic texture and composition associated
with this type of reaction, or if it does not produce expansion in rock cylinders
(Test Method C 586) or concrete prisms (Test Method C 1105), no mitigation is
necessary for alkali-carbonate rock reaction. Similarly, if the aggregate has a long
satisfactory service record with similar materials and conditions, no mitigation is
neces- sary. On the other hand, use of aggregates judged to be potentially
deleteriously alkali-carbonate reactive in concrete is not recommended unless it can
be shown that mitigation methods will be effective. Pozzolans generally have not
been found to control alkali-carbonate rock reaction. Measures suggested for
mitigation includes: avoiding reactive carbonate rocks; selective quarrying;
diluting reactive rock to less than 20 % of the aggregate in the concrete; use of
smaller maximumsize; and the use of very low alkali cement.
X1.4.3 碱-碳酸盐岩反应的缓解——通常，如果碳酸盐岩没有表现出与此
类反应相关的特征结构和成分，或者如果它不会在岩石圆柱体中产生膨胀
（测试方法） ）或混凝土棱柱（测试方法 )，碱-碳酸盐岩反应不需要缓
解。同样，如果骨料具有类似材料和条件的长期令人满意的服务记录，则无
需缓解。另一方面，不推荐在混凝土中使用被判断为对碱金属碳酸盐具有潜
在有害活性的骨料，除非可以证明缓解方法是有效的。通常尚未发现火山灰
控制碱金属碳酸盐岩石反应。建议的缓解措施包括：避免反应性碳酸盐岩；
选择性采石；将活性岩石稀释至混凝土中骨料的 20% 以下；使用较小的最大
尺寸；以及使用极低碱水泥。
researchers and experts from all over the world. Copies of the volume can be obtained from
the International Centre for Sustainable Devel- opment of Cement and Concrete, 405
Rochester Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0G1.)
来自世界各地的研究人员和专家。该卷的副本可以从国际水泥和混凝土可持续发展
中心获得，405 Rochester Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0G1。）
(4) Hooton, R.D., and Rogers, C.A., “Evaluation of Rapid Test Methods for Detecting Alkali-
Reactive Aggregates,” Proceedings of Eighth International Conference on Alkali-
Aggregate Reaction, Kyoto, 1989,pp. 439–444.
Hooton, R.D. 和 Rogers, C.A.，“用于检测碱反应聚集体的快速测试方法的评
估”，第八届国际碱聚集反应会议论文集，京都，1989 年，第 439-444 页。
(5) Fournier, B., and Berube, M.A.,“ Application of the NBRI Accelerated Mortar Bar Test to
Siliceous Carbonate Aggregates Produced in the St. Lawrence Lowlands, Part 2: Proposed
Limits, Rates of Expansion, and Microstructure of Reaction Products,” Cement and Concrete
Research,Vol 21, 1991, pp. 1069–1082.
Fournier, B. 和 Berube, MA，“NBRI Accelerated Mortar Bar Test 对 St. Lawrence
Lowlands 生产的碳酸硅骨料的应用，第 2 部分：建议的限制、膨胀率和反应产物的微观
结构，”Cement and具体研究，第 21 卷，1991 年，第 1069-1082 页。
 C 33/C 33M – 08
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
变更摘要

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C 33 – 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 1, 2008)
自上一期 C 33 – 07 以来，委员会 C09 已经确定了对本规范的选定更改的位置，这些更改可能会影
响本规范的使用。 （2008 年 12 月 1 日批准）

(1) Revised the document as a combined units specification.

(1) 将该文件修订为组合单元规范。

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C 33 – 03, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 15, 2007)
自上一期 C 33 – 03 以来，委员会 C09 已经确定了对本规范的选定更改的位置，这些更改可能会影
响本规范的使用。 （2007 年 12 月 15 日批准）

(1) Updated reference in Note 4. (3) Revised X1.3.5.

更新参考 注 4 修订
(2) Reversed the order of X1.3.6 and X1.3.7 and added (4) Added new X1.3.8 to reference Test Method C 1567.
information regarding Test Method C 441 in X1.3.7. 添加了新的 X1.3.8 参考测试方法
颠倒了顺序 和 X1.3.7 并添加了有关测试方法的信息 (5) Added new X1.3.9 to reference Test Method C 1293.
在 添加了新的 X1.3.9 参考测试方法

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