Name : Eka Uchi M.

Sirait

NPM :2101030052

Subject : Phonology
Lecturer : Novra Melisa P.Hutabarat, S.Pd., M.Hum.

Question answer Phonology

1. Phonology is a branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of language, the

process of their formation and changes. Phonology studies language sounds in
general and functional. The meaning of phonology in a narrow sense, as a sub-
discipline of linguistics, studies the sound function of language. This means that
phonology studies the sounds of language, whether these sounds will function
in speech or the sounds of language in general. For users of my language as a
prospective language teacher, it is very necessary to study the science of sound
because language is first of all sound. With adequate knowledge of phonology, I
as a language user, are expected to have a solid foundation in the field of sound
science.

2. voice is produced by the larynx or voice box present in the upper part of the
human body. The larynx is present near the upper end of the windpipe. Two
vocal cords present across the larynx stretch in such a way that it leaves a
narrow space between them for the passage of air. When human speaks, the
muscles present in our larynx get stretched and the opening becomes narrower.
When air is made to pass through the slit, the vocal cords vibrate. With more
tightening of vocal cords, vibrations in it increase and hence higher volume of
sound is produced.
2. The process of human sound production
1. Lungs:set air in motion
2. Tracea:windpipe
3. Pharynx:
4. Oral cravity
5. Nasal Cravity
6. Air goes from the lungs through the windpipe(thracea)and into the
Larynx~the air must pass between two small muscular fods,i.e the Vocal Cords
 7. The air passages above the larynx are known as the Vocal Tract
8. The vocal tract:
~oral tract(within the mouth)
~Nasal Tract (within the nose

3. A vowel is a speech sound made with your mouth fairly open, the nucleus of a
spoken syllable for
example when say A, E, I, O,U while, a consonant is a sound made with your
mouth fairly closed for
example when say B, C, D, F, G, Z

4. Voice sound when vocal cords, which are actually mucous membranes, stretch
across the larynx at the
back of the throat. By tightening and relaxing as you speak, the vocal cords
modulate the flow of breath
expelled from the lungs. An easy way to determine whether a consonant is
voiced or not is to place a
finger on your throat. As you pronounce a letter, feel the vibration of your
vocal cords. If you feel a
vibration the consonant is a voiced one. While, voiceless sounds do not use
the vocal cords to produce
their hard, percussive sounds. Instead, they're slack, allowing air to flow freely
from the lungs to the
mouth, where the tongue, teeth, and lips engage to modulate the sound.
5. While diphthongs are double vowels. Diphthongs are vowel
combinations followed by a consonant sound w or y. In contrast to
diphthongs which sound in duplicate for one syllable, triphthongs are a
single vowel gliding towards the second and third vowels, and are
pronounced quickly.

Diphtong : /ei/ as in day, pay, say, lay

/ai/ as in sky, buy, cry, tie

/□i/ as in boy, toy, coy or the first syllable of soya

 /ia/ as in beer, pier, hear

/ea/ as in bear, pair, and hair

/ua/ as in tour, poor or the first syllable of tourist

/au/ as in oh, no, so, or phone

/au/ as in all the words of "How now brown cow!"

Triphtong:
/ play /peia/
eia/ er
/ fire /faia/
aia/
/
royal /raial/
aia/
/ mow /
aua er maua/
/ hour /haua/
aua