Title:” SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION: ARTICLES “

Theme:Research

Subject:How to write an article

Abstract: A scientific article is a publication that is based on empirical evidence. It can support a
hypothesis with original research, describe existing research or comment on current trends in a
specific field.

Key words:article, original, ideas,

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Type: written

Subtypes: dissertations/theses, scientific papers, posters, books (treatises, monographs, lecture

notes, collections of works, such as the proceedings of a congress, translations), medical
documents (lab reports, discharge summaries, progress charts) aids to improve communication
between patients and health-care professionals (leaflets, brochures), e-mails, letters, CVs,
recommendations, research projects, progress reports, English tests (PLAB, GRE).

Scientific papers: classification: editorials, short reports, clinical cases, commentaries dealing
with reports of scientific meetings, letters to the editors, original papers, methods papers, reviews
summarizing state-of-the art of a particular field, book reviews and news.

Writing a scientific paper: Stages

 Choose a subject;
 Find background information;
 Read and take notes;
 Devise a plan of the paper then write the first draf

The original article: structure:

 Title (it should begin with a keyword);

 Authors’ names;
 Name of institutions in which the work was done;
  Name, address, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail address of the author to whom
communications regarding the manuscript should be directed.
 Summary/abstract of no more than 250 words(Purpose, Patients/Materials and Methods,
Results, Conclusion);
 Key words: 7 words in alphabetical order, suitable for indexing;
 Text no longer than 2000 words;
 Acknowledgments for research support;
 Tables and figures; graphs; photomicrographs; color photographs;
 References.

Contents of the original paper: Introduction = explain the purpose of the investigation;
Patients/Materials and Methods = describe the patients, state the source of all materials used;
Results = describe what was done, how it was done, and how the data were obtained and
analyzed; Discussion and Conclusions = explain the significance of the results; relate the
important aspects of the work to existing knowledge; References = number references
consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, using superscript.

Contents of the review: Introduction = purpose, relevant published research, objectives and
conclusions; the middle section: synthesize the extant literature; Conclusions = explain the
significance of your achievement; References = see Contents of the original paper.

Manuscript form: manuscripts should be typewritten, in English, double-spaced, on one side

only of A4 paper, with margins of 1 cm on top and bottom and 2 cm on right and left.

Style:

 vocabulary: use words and expressions which can be understood by the potential readers ;
 sentences: a sentence should not contain more than 3 related ideas and it should not
exceed 40 words;
 paragraphs;
 quotations: for quotations longer than three lines, use block quotes; to create block

COMMENTS : Although the above structure reflects the progression of most research projects,
effective papers typically break the chronology in at least three ways to present their content in
the order in which the audience will most likely want to read it.