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Phys 242 Lec 8
Phys 242 Lec 8
q v E
Thus the charge-mass ratio of the electrons is = = 2
m rB rB
Particle nature of matter
An electron in a cathode ray tube passes between 2.5cm long electrodes that are
5mm apart. A 1.0 mT 2.5 cm wide magnetic field is perpendicular to the field
between the plates .The electron passes through undeflected if the voltage
between the plates is 150V. If the voltage is set to 0, through what angle is the
electron deflected.
r=
mv
=
( )(
9.11 ! 10"31 kg 3.0 ! 107 m/s )
= 0.1708 m
eB ( "19
)(
1.6 ! 10 C 1.0 ! 10 T "3
)
L 2.5 cm
sin ! = = = 0.1463 " ! = 8.42°
r 17.08 cm
Particle nature of matter
Millikan measures the charge of an electron:
Millikan observed the motion of oil drops falling under gravity. The drops
are also acted on by a drag force proportional to their velocity. At terminal
velocity:
Fg = Fdrag ! mg = Cv
Particle nature of matter
Millikan measures the charge of an electron:
Fg + Fdrag = FE ! mg + Cv" = qE
Particle nature of matter
Millikan measures the charge of an electron:
mg " v + v! %
q= $ '
E # v &
Particle nature of matter
Millikan measures the charge of an electron:
mg " v + v! %
q= $ '
E # v &
4 3
m = density ! volume = " # a
3
Value of e:
1.60217733 ! 10 "19 C
Particle nature of matter
Thomson’s plum-pudding model of the atom: Mass of an atom is
uniformly distributed in a positively charged sphere with electrons
embedded in it.
Rutherford’s scattering experiments challenged this model.
Rutherford shot positively charged alpha particles at a gold foil and
measured the angle of deflection of the alpha particles:
Particle nature of matter
Rutherford observed large deflection of the alpha particles, including
back scattering (alpha particles deflected backwards).
This could only be explained by assuming that the positive charges were
concentrated in a nucleus around which the electrons orbit:
k: Coulomb constant
N: number of nucleii per unit area
n: total number of alpha particles
K: kinetic energy of alpha particles