7.

9
AirBnB was established in 2007 by two friends, Joe Gebbia and Brian Chesky. AirBnB is an online
marketplace where customers buy a place for a few days to live on lease. It facilitates resource
utilization. The owners of property can lend some space on rent for lodging to the users. The idea
was generated by two friends to provide three bedding in their drawing room to the guests and
breakfast the next day. This was done to earn some extra money to make the payments of their
house rent.

Although internet was widespread from past a decade before the launch of AirBnB. The two partners
launched their website at www.airbedandbreakfast.com and engaged in online business. They came
up with the idea of establishing a relationship between the users by lending and renting the spaces
for lodging. They explored and took advantage of developing use of internet and electronic media.
There were no technological or social factors, but the idea came late in the year 2007 and from there
the founders grew their business exponentially.

AirBnB has its own segment market and one-of-a-kind services, the other big companies like Google,
Apple, Microsoft or Facebook are not its competitors. The company offers logging services to the
users and do not have its own property. It collaborates with the businesses who can rent their
spaces and earn from their underutilized resources. It provides a win-win situation to the users,
service providers and to AirBnB.

7.10
The basic purpose of the business in AirBnB is that they fulfil the need. A need for lodging. It is
providing accommodation to the users for few numbers of days without owning the property. It is
collaborating with the people who have underutilized resources and want to provide lodging
services to the users for few days and earn in return. The business of AirBnB is different from the
hotels as the company do not own any of the property it is associated with. It showcases the
properties online on its website, users can directly book the property as per their need and choice.
The company takes 15% from which 3% is from the host who is the owner of the property and 12%
from the guest who is staying in the property. While the hotel business is responsible for the
complete process starting from procurement, reservation, servicing and after sales. With AirBnB
their mechanism works majorly on the reviews which serves feedback for the existing users and
attracts new customers. AirBnB provides accommodation and a home away from home atmosphere
to the user. It has more personal touch as the user is living at the host’s place. The user is
interacting, using the essentials and at times eating with the hosts. These services are not available
at the hotel, which has a professional approach instead.
7.13
The businesses that serve two-sided marketplace is a win-win situation for both the parties. The
business such as Uber or Airbnb that do not have any resource of their own and only provides
facilities by collaborating the two marketplaces are beneficial. They utilize the resources in the
society and helps in providing business to the parties. The existing and traditional business might
affect the profitability of these business. There would be certain group off people that might prefer
traditional approach of booking a hotel or hiring the cab from the local vendor, which might affect
the growth of these kind of businesses.

7.14
Feedback is important for the collaborative industry. The review posted by the users on the existing
property will help them in improving on the requirements. It will also attract the new customers to
book the tickets

case study
2

the Cyberwarfare it refers to the use of digital attacks -like computer viruses and hacking by one
country to disrupt the vital computer systems of another, with the aim of creating damage, death
and destruction. Future wars will see hackers using computer code to attack an enemy's
infrastructure, fighting alongside troops using conventional weapons like guns and missiles. A
shadowy world that is still filled with spies, hackers and top-secret digital weapons projects,
cyberwarfare is an increasingly common -- and dangerous -- feature of international conflicts. But
right now, the combination of an ongoing cyberwarfare arms race and a lack of clear rules governing
online conflict means there is a real risk that incidents could rapidly escalate out of control.

in short, we can say the traditional war caused more dies and more destruction of the country's
infrastructure. While cyber-warfare causes less die and more losses in the economy of the target
country. It could cause bankruptcy, Destruction of fiscal accounts, and other hard things.

Cybersecurity threats can be identified and defended against with more participant sharing relevant
intelligence. The intent is for data and systems to become more secure and less prone to
cyberattacks when information and resources are shared among many participants. Done effectively,
sharing cyber threat data could reduce risks and enhance the resilience of the grid. Furthermore,
threat intelligence could diminish the effects of a single cyber threat or attack by informing other
partners to protect against it.