Braveheart - Wikipedia

6/1/2022 Braveheart - Wikipedia
Braveheart
Braveheart is a 1995 American historical drama film
directed and co-produced by Mel Gibson, who portrays Sir Braveheart
William Wallace, a late-13th-century Scottish warrior. The
film depicts the life of Wallace leading the Scots in the First
War of Scottish Independence against King Edward I of
England. The film also stars Sophie Marceau, Patrick
McGoohan and Catherine McCormack. The story is inspired
by Blind Harry's 15th century epic poem The Actes and Deidis
of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William
Wallace and was adapted for the screen by Randall Wallace.
Development on the film initially started at Metro-Goldwyn-

Mayer when producer Alan Ladd Jr. picked up the project
from Wallace, but when MGM was going through new
management, Ladd left the studio and took the project with
him. Despite initially declining, Gibson eventually decided to
direct the film, as well as star as Wallace. Braveheart was
filmed in Scotland and Ireland from June to October 1994
with a budget around $65–70 million.[4] The film, which was
produced by Gibson's Icon Productions and The Ladd North American theatrical release
Company, was distributed by Paramount Pictures in North poster
America and by 20th Century Fox internationally.
Directed by Mel Gibson
Released on May 24, 1995, Braveheart received generally Written by Randall Wallace
positive reviews from critics who praised the performances,
directing, production values, musical score, battle sequences, Based on The Wallace
and visuals but criticized its numerous historical by Blind Harry
inaccuracies.[5][6] The film grossed $75.6 million in the US Produced by Mel Gibson
and grossed $210.4 million worldwide. At the 68th Academy
Alan Ladd Jr.
Awards, the film was nominated for ten Academy Awards and
won five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Bruce Davey
Best Makeup, and Best Sound Effects Editing. A spin-off Starring Mel Gibson
sequel, Robert the Bruce, was released in 2019, with Angus
Macfadyen reprising his role. Sophie
Marceau
Patrick
Contents McGoohan
Catherine
Plot McCormack
Cast Brendan
Production Gleeson
Soundtrack Cinematography John Toll
Release and reception Edited by Steven
Box office Rosenblum
Critical response Music by James Horner
Effect on tourism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braveheart 1/20
Awards and honors Production Icon

companies Productions
Cultural effects
Wallace Monument The Ladd
Historical inaccuracy Company
Jus primae noctis Distributed by Paramount
Occupation and independence Pictures (United
Portrayal of William Wallace States)
Portrayal of Isabella of France 20th Century
Portrayal of Robert the Bruce Fox
Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward (International)
Wallace's military campaign
Release date May 18, 1995
Accusations of Anglophobia (Seattle)
Home media May 24, 1995
Sequel (United States)
See also Running time 178 minutes
References Country United States[1]
Notes Language English
External links Budget $65–
70 million[2][3]
Box office $213.2 million[2]
Plot
In 1280, King Edward "Longshanks" invades and conquers Scotland following the death of
Alexander III of Scotland, who left no heir to the throne. Young William Wallace witnesses
Longshanks' execution of several Scottish nobles, suffers the deaths of his father and brother
fighting against the English, and is taken abroad on a pilgrimage throughout Europe by his
paternal uncle Argyle, who has Wallace educated.
Years later, Longshanks grants his noblemen land and privileges in Scotland, including jus primae
noctis. Meanwhile, a grown Wallace returns to Scotland and falls in love with his childhood friend
Murron MacClannough, and the two marry in secret. Wallace rescues Murron from being raped by
English soldiers, but as Wallace fights off the soldiers Murron is captured and publicly executed.
In retribution, Wallace leads his clan to fight the English garrison in his hometown and sends the
surviving garrison back to England with a message of rebellion for Longshanks.
Longshanks orders his son Prince Edward to stop Wallace by any means necessary while he visits
the French King to secure England's alliance with France. Alongside his friend Hamish, Wallace
rebels against the English, and as his legend spreads, hundreds of Scots from the surrounding
clans join him. Wallace leads his army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge where he
decapitates the English commander Cheltham. Prince Edward fails to send reinforcements to
York, enabling Wallace to sack the city, killing Longshanks' nephew whose severed head is sent to
the king. Wallace seeks the assistance of Robert the Bruce, the son of nobleman Robert the Elder, a
contender for the Scottish crown. Robert is dominated by his leper father, who wishes to secure
the Scottish throne for his son by submitting to the English. Worried by the threat of the rebellion,
Longshanks sends his son's wife Isabella of France to try to negotiate with Wallace as a distraction
for the landing of another invasion force in Scotland.
After meeting him in person, Isabella becomes enamored of Wallace. She warns him of the coming
invasion, and Wallace implores the Scottish nobility to take immediate action to counter the threat
and take back their country, asking Robert the Bruce to lead. Leading the English army himself,
Longshanks confronts the Scots at Falkirk. During the battle, Scottish noblemen Mornay and
Lochlan, having been bribed by Longshanks, withdraw their men, resulting in Wallace's army
being routed and the death of Hamish's father, Campbell. Wallace is further betrayed when he
discovers Robert the Bruce was fighting alongside Longshanks; after the battle, seeing the damage
he helped do to his countrymen, Robert reprimands his father and vows never to be on the wrong
side again.
Wallace kills Lochlan and Mornay for their betrayal, and wages a guerrilla war against the English
assisted by Isabella, with whom he eventually has an affair. Robert sets up a meeting with Wallace
in Edinburgh, but Robert's father conspires with other nobles to capture and hand over Wallace to
the English. Learning of his treachery, Robert disowns and banishes his father. Isabella exacts
revenge on the now terminally ill Longshanks, who can no longer speak, by telling him that his
bloodline will be destroyed upon his death as she is pregnant with Wallace's child and will ensure
Prince Edward spends as short a time as possible on the throne before Wallace's child replaces
him.
In London, Wallace is brought before an English magistrate, tried for high treason, and
condemned to public torture and beheading. Even whilst being hanged, drawn and quartered,
Wallace refuses to submit to the king. The watching crowd, deeply moved by the Scotsman's valor,
begin crying for mercy on Wallace's behalf. The magistrate offers him one final chance, asking him
only to utter the word, "Mercy", and be granted a quick death. Wallace instead shouts, "Freedom!",
and his cry rings through the square, the dying Longshanks hearing it. Before being beheaded,
Wallace sees a vision of Murron in the crowd, smiling at him.
In 1314, Robert, now Scotland's king, leads a Scottish army before a ceremonial line of English
troops on the fields of Bannockburn, where he is supposed to formally accept English rule.
Instead, he invokes Wallace's memory, imploring his men to fight with him as they did with
Wallace. Hamish throws Wallace's sword point-down in front of the English army, and he and the
Scots chant Wallace's name as Robert leads them into battle against the English, winning the Scots
their freedom.
Cast
Mel Gibson as William Wallace
James Robinson as young William Wallace
Sophie Marceau as Princess Isabella of France
Angus Macfadyen as Robert the Bruce
Patrick McGoohan as King Edward "Longshanks"
Catherine McCormack as Murron MacClannough
Mhairi Calvey as young Murron MacClannough
Brendan Gleeson as Hamish
Andrew Weir as young Hamish
Peter Hanly as Prince Edward
James Cosmo as Campbell
David O'Hara as Stephen of Ireland
Ian Bannen as Bruce's father
Seán McGinley as MacClannough
Brian Cox as Argyle Wallace
Sean Lawlor as Malcolm Wallace
Sandy Nelson as John Wallace
Stephen Billington as Phillip
John Kavanagh as Craig
Alun Armstrong as Mornay

John Murtagh as Lochlan
Tommy Flanagan as Morrison
Donal Gibson as Stewart
Jeanne Marine as Nicolette
Michael Byrne as Smythe
Malcolm Tierney as Magistrate
Bernard Horsfall as Balliol
Peter Mullan as Veteran
Gerard McSorley as Cheltham
Richard Leaf as Governor of York
Mark Lees as Old Crippled Scotsman
Tam White as MacGregor
Jimmy Chisholm as Faudron
David Gant as the Royal Magistrate
Production
Producer Alan Ladd Jr. initially had the project at MGM-Pathé Communications when he picked
up the script from Wallace.[7] When MGM was going through new management in 1993, Ladd left
the studio and took some of its top properties, including Braveheart.[8] Gibson came across the
script and even though he liked it, he initially passed on it. However, the thought of it kept coming
back to him and he ultimately decided to take on the project.[7] Terry Gilliam was offered to direct
the film but he declined.[9] Gibson was initially interested in directing only and considered Brad
Pitt in the role of Sir William Wallace, but Gibson reluctantly agreed to play Wallace as well.[3]
Gibson and his production company, Icon Productions, had

difficulty raising enough money for the film. Warner Bros. was
willing to fund the project on the condition that Gibson sign for
another Lethal Weapon sequel, which he refused. Gibson
eventually gained enough financing for the film, with
Paramount Pictures financing a third of the budget in exchange
for North American distribution rights to the film, and 20th
Century Fox putting up two-thirds of the budget in exchange
for international distribution rights.[10][3] Gibson (right) on set with 20th
Century Fox executive Scott
Principal photography on the film began on June 6, 1994.[4] Neeson
While the crew spent three weeks shooting on location in
Scotland, the major battle scenes were shot in Ireland using
members of the Irish Army Reserve as extras. To lower costs, Gibson had the same extras, up to
1,600 in some scenes, portray both armies. The reservists had been given permission to grow
beards and swapped their military uniforms for medieval garb.[11] Principal photography ended on
October 28, 1994.[4] The film was shot in the anamorphic format with Panavision C- and E-Series
lenses.[12]
Gibson had to tone down the film's battle scenes to avoid an NC-17 rating from the MPAA; the
final version was rated R for "brutal medieval warfare".[13] Gibson and editor Steven Rosenblum
initially had a film at 195 minutes, but Sheryl Lansing, who was the head of Paramount at the time,
requested Gibson and Rosenblum to cut the film down to 177 minutes.[14] According to Gibson in a
2016 interview with Collider, there is a four-hour version of the film and would be interested in
reassembling it if both Paramount and Fox are interested.[15]
Soundtrack
The score was composed and conducted by James Horner and performed by the London
Symphony Orchestra. It is Horner's second of three collaborations with Mel Gibson as director.
The score has gone on to be one of the most commercially successful soundtracks of all time. It
received considerable acclaim from film critics and audiences and was nominated for a number of
awards, including the Academy Award, Saturn Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe Award.
Release and reception

Braveheart premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 18, 1995, and received its
wide release in U.S. cinemas six days later.[16][17]
Box office
On its opening weekend, Braveheart grossed $9,938,276 in the United States and $75.6 million in
its box office run in the U.S. and Canada.[2] Worldwide, the film grossed $210,409,945 and was
the thirteenth-highest-grossing film of 1995.[2]
Critical response
Braveheart earned positive reviews; critics praised Gibson's direction and performance as
Wallace, the performances of its cast, and its screenplay, production values, Horner's score, and
the battle sequences. The depiction of the Battle of Stirling Bridge was listed by CNN as one of the
best battles in cinema history.[18] However, it was also criticized for its depiction of history. On
Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 79%, with an average score of 7.29/10, based
on 82 reviews. The site's consensus states "Distractingly violent and historically dodgy, Mel
Gibson's Braveheart justifies its epic length by delivering enough sweeping action, drama, and
romance to match its ambition."[19] On Metacritic the film has a score of 68 out of 100 based on 20
critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[20] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore
gave the film a grade A- on scale of A to F.[21]
Caryn James of The New York Times praised the film, calling it "one of the most spectacular
entertainments in years."[22] Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of four, calling it "An action
epic with the spirit of the Hollywood swordplay classics and the grungy ferocity of The Road
Warrior."[23] In a positive review, Gene Siskel wrote that "in addition to staging battle scenes well,
Gibson also manages to recreate the filth and mood of 700 years ago."[24] Peter Travers of Rolling
Stone felt that "though the film dawdles a bit with the shimmery, dappled love stuff involving
Wallace with a Scottish peasant and a French princess, the action will pin you to your seat."[25]
Not all reviews were positive, Richard Schickel of Time magazine argued that "everybody knows
that a non-blubbering clause is standard in all movie stars' contracts. Too bad there isn't one
banning self-indulgence when they direct."[26] Peter Stack of San Francisco Chronicle felt "at
times the film seems an obsessive ode to Mel Gibson machismo."[27] In a 2005 poll by British film
magazine Empire, Braveheart was No. 1 on their list of "The Top 10 Worst Pictures to Win Best
Picture Oscar".[28] Empire readers had previously voted Braveheart the best film of 1995.[29]
Effect on tourism
The European premiere was on September 3, 1995, in Stirling.[30]
In 1996, the year after the film was released, the annual three-
day "Braveheart Conference" at Stirling Castle attracted fans of
Braveheart, increasing the conference's attendance to 167,000
from 66,000 in the previous year.[31] In the following year,
research on visitors to the Stirling area indicated that 55% of
the visitors had seen Braveheart. Of visitors from outside
Scotland, 15% of those who saw Braveheart said it influenced
their decision to visit the country. Of all visitors who saw
Braveheart, 39% said the film influenced in part their decision
to visit Stirling, and 19% said the film was one of the main
reasons for their visit.[32] In the same year, a tourism report
said that the "Braveheart effect" earned Scotland £7 million to
£15 million in tourist revenue, and the report led to various
national organizations encouraging international film
productions to take place in Scotland.[33]
The film generated huge interest in Scotland and in Scottish

Gibson won the Academy Award for
history, not only around the world, but also in Scotland itself.
Best Director for his work on
At a Braveheart Convention in 1997, held in Stirling the day
Braveheart.
after the Scottish Devolution vote and attended by 200
delegates from around the world, Braveheart author Randall
Wallace, Seoras Wallace of the Wallace Clan, Scottish historian David Ross and Bláithín FitzGerald
from Ireland gave lectures on various aspects of the film. Several of the actors also attended
including James Robinson (Young William), Andrew Weir (Young Hamish), Julie Austin (the
young bride) and Mhairi Calvey (Young Murron).
Awards and honors
Braveheart was nominated for many awards during the 1995 Oscar season, though it was not
viewed by many as a major contender such as Apollo 13, Il Postino: The Postman, Leaving Las
Vegas, Sense and Sensibility, and The Usual Suspects. It wasn't until after the film won the Golden
Globe Award for Best Director at the 53rd Golden Globe Awards that it was viewed as a serious
Oscar contender. When the nominations were announced for the 68th Academy Awards,
Braveheart received ten Academy Award nominations, and a month later, won five including Best
Picture, Best Director for Gibson, Best Cinematography, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best
Makeup.[34] Braveheart became the ninth film to win Best Picture with no acting nominations and
is one of only three films to win Best Picture without being nominated for the Screen Actors Guild
Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the other being The Shape of
Water in 2017 and followed by Green Book the following year.[35][36][37] The film also won the
Writer's Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay.[38] In 2010, the Independent Film
& Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the
last 30 years[39]
Award Category Recipient(s) Result

Best Cinematography John Toll Nominated
Best Costume Design Charles Knode Nominated
Peter Frampton, Paul Pattison and
20/20 Awards Best Makeup Won
Lois Burwell
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Best Sound Nominated
Mel Gibson, Bruce Davey and
Best Picture Won
Alan Ladd Jr.
Best Director Mel Gibson Won
Best Screenplay – Written Directly
Randall Wallace Nominated
for the Screen
Best Cinematography John Toll Won
Best Costume Design Charles Knode Nominated
Academy Awards
Best Film Editing Steven Rosenblum Nominated
Best Makeup Won
Lois Burwell
Best Original Dramatic Score James Horner Nominated
Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna
Behlmer and Brian Simmons
Best Sound Effects Editing Lon Bender and Per Hallberg Won
American Cinema
Best Edited Feature Film Steven Rosenblum Won
Editors Awards
American Cinema
Feature Film Won
Foundation Awards
American Society of Outstanding Achievement in
Cinematographers Cinematography in Theatrical John Toll Won
Awards Releases
Best Director Mel Gibson Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Randall Wallace Nominated
Thomas E. Sanders and Peter
Best Art Direction Won
Howitt
Best Cinematography John Toll Nominated
Awards Circuit Best Costume Design Charles Knode Won

Community Awards Best Film Editing Steven Rosenblum Nominated
Best Makeup & Hairstyling Won
Lois Burwell
Best Original Score James Horner Won
Best Stunt Ensemble Won
British Academy Film Best Direction Mel Gibson Nominated
Awards
Best Cinematography John Toll Won
Best Costume Design Charles Knode Won
Best Film Music James Horner Nominated

Best Makeup Nominated
Lois Burwell
Best Production Design Thomas E. Sanders Nominated
Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna
Best Sound Won
Behlmer and Brian Simmons
Camerimage Golden Frog John Toll Nominated
Cinema Audio Society Outstanding Achievement in Sound Andy Nelson, Scott Millan, Anna
Nominated
Awards Mixing for Motion Pictures Behlmer and Brian Simmons
Cinema Writers Circle
Best Foreign Film Won[a]
Awards Mel Gibson
Critics' Choice Awards Best Director Won
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Best Picture Nominated
Critics Association
Awards Best Cinematography John Toll Won
Directors Guild of Outstanding Directorial

Mel Gibson Nominated
America Awards Achievement in Motion Pictures
Empire Awards Best Film Won
Flaiano Prizes Best Foreign Actress Catherine McCormack Won
Best Motion Picture – Drama Nominated
Best Director – Motion Picture Mel Gibson Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Randall Wallace Nominated
Best Original Score – Motion
James Horner Nominated
Picture
Best Sound Editing – Dialogue Mark LaPointe Won
Golden Reel Awards Best Sound Editing – Sound
Lon Bender and Per Hallberg Won[b]
Effects
International Film Music Best Archival Release of an James Horner, Dan Goldwasser,
Critics Association Existing Score – Re-Release or Mike Matessino, Jim Titus and Jeff Nominated
Awards Re-Recording Bond
Jupiter Awards Best International Director Mel Gibson Won
Movieguide Awards Best Movie for Mature Audiences Won
Best Movie Nominated
Best Male Performance Nominated
MTV Movie Awards Mel Gibson
Most Desirable Male Nominated
Best Action Sequence Battle of Stirling Nominated
National Board of Top Ten Films 9th Place

Review Awards Special Filmmaking Achievement Mel Gibson Won
Publicists Guild of
Motion Picture Won
America Awards
Best Action/Adventure Film Nominated
Saturn Awards Best Costume Design Charles Knode Nominated
Best Music James Horner Nominated
Southeastern Film
Critics Association Best Picture 2nd Place
Awards

Turkish Film Critics
Best Foreign Film 3rd Place
Association Awards
Writers Guild of America Best Screenplay – Written Directly
Randall Wallace Won
Awards for the Screenplay
American Film Institute lists
AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies – Nominated[40]

AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Thrills – No. 91
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
William Wallace – Nominated Hero[41]
AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes:
"They may take away our lives, but they'll never take our freedom!" – Nominated[42]
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[43]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – No. 62
AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[44]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Epic Film[45]
Cultural effects
Lin Anderson, author of Braveheart: From Hollywood To Holyrood, credits the film with playing
a significant role in affecting the Scottish political landscape in the mid-to-late 1990s.[46]
Wallace Monument
In 1997, a 12-foot (3.7 m), 13-tonne (13-long-ton; 14-short-ton)

sandstone statue depicting Mel Gibson as William Wallace in
Braveheart was placed in the car park of the Wallace
Monument near Stirling, Scotland. The statue, which was the
work of Tom Church, a monumental mason from Brechin,[47]
included the word 'Braveheart' on Wallace's shield. The
installation became the cause of much controversy; one local
resident stated that it was wrong to "desecrate the main
memorial to Wallace with a lump of crap".[48] In 1998,
someone wielding a hammer vandalized the statue's face. After
repairs were made, the statue was encased in a cage every night
to prevent further vandalism. This only incited more calls for
the statue to be removed, as it then appeared that the
Gibson/Wallace figure was imprisoned. The statue was
described as "among the most loathed pieces of public art in
Scotland".[49] In 2008, the statue was returned to its sculptor Tom Church's statue
to make room for a new visitor centre being built at the foot of
the Wallace Monument.[50]
Historical inaccuracy
Randall Wallace, who wrote the screenplay, has acknowledged Blind Harry's 15th-century epic
poem The Acts and Deeds of Sir William Wallace, Knight of Elderslie as a major inspiration for
the film.[51] In defending his script, Randall Wallace has said, "Is Blind Harry true? I don't know. I
know that it spoke to my heart and that's what matters to me, that it spoke to my heart."[51] Blind
Harry's poem is not regarded as historically accurate, and although some incidents in the film that
are not historically accurate are taken from Blind Harry (e.g. the hanging of Scottish nobles at the
start),[52] there are large parts that are based neither on history nor Blind Harry (e.g. Wallace's
affair with Princess Isabella).[5]
Elizabeth Ewan describes Braveheart as a film that "almost totally sacrifices historical accuracy for
epic adventure".[53] The "brave heart" refers in Scottish history to that of Robert the Bruce, and an
attribution by William Edmondstoune Aytoun, in his poem Heart of Bruce, to Sir James the Good
Douglas: "Pass thee first, thou dauntless heart, As thou wert wont of yore!", prior to Douglas'
demise at the Battle of Teba in Andalusia.[54] It has been described as one of the most historically
inaccurate modern films.[5]
Sharon Krossa noted that the film contains numerous historical inaccuracies, beginning with the
wearing of belted plaid by Wallace and his men. In that period "no Scots [...] wore belted plaids (let
alone kilts of any kind)." Moreover, when Highlanders finally did begin wearing the belted plaid, it
was not "in the rather bizarre style depicted in the film". She compares the inaccuracy to "a film
about Colonial America showing the colonial men wearing 20th century business suits, but with
the jackets worn back-to-front instead of the right way around."[55] In a previous essay about the
film, she wrote, "The events aren't accurate, the dates aren't accurate, the characters aren't
accurate, the names aren't accurate, the clothes aren't accurate—in short, just about nothing is
accurate."[56] The belted plaid (feileadh mór léine) was not introduced until the 16th century.[57]
Peter Traquair has referred to Wallace's "farcical representation as a wild and hairy highlander
painted with woad (1,000 years too late) running amok in a tartan kilt (500 years too early)."[58]
Irish historian Seán Duffy remarked that "the battle of Stirling Bridge could have done with a
bridge."[59]
In 2009, the film was second on a list of "most historically inaccurate movies" in The Times.[5] In
the humorous non-fictional historiography An Utterly Impartial History of Britain (2007), author
John O'Farrell claims that Braveheart could not have been more historically inaccurate, even if a
Plasticine dog had been inserted in the film and the title changed to "William Wallace and
Gromit".[60]
In the DVD audio commentary of Braveheart, Mel Gibson acknowledges the historical
inaccuracies but defends his choices as director, noting that the way events were portrayed in the
film was much more "cinematically compelling" than the historical fact or conventional mythos.[5]
Jus primae noctis
The English did behave badly at times during their invasion of Scotland, notably at the Sack of
Berwick. However, Edward Longshanks is shown invoking Jus primae noctis, allowing the lord of
a medieval estate to take the virginity of his serfs' maiden daughters on their wedding nights.
Critical medieval scholarship regards this supposed right as a myth: "the simple reason why we are
dealing with a myth here rests in the surprising fact that practically all writers who make any such
claims have never been able or willing to cite any trustworthy source, if they have any."[61][62]
Occupation and independence
The film suggests Scotland had been under English occupation for some time, at least during
Wallace's childhood, and in the run-up to the Battle of Falkirk Wallace says to the younger Bruce, "
[W]e'll have what none of us have ever had before, a country of our own." In fact, Scotland had
been invaded by England only the year before Wallace's rebellion; prior to the death of King
Alexander III it had been a fully separate kingdom.[63]
Portrayal of William Wallace
As John Shelton Lawrence and Robert Jewett writes, "Because [William] Wallace is one of
Scotland's most important national heroes and because he lived in the very distant past, much that
is believed about him is probably the stuff of legend. But there is a factual strand that historians
agree to", summarized from Scots scholar Matt Ewart:
Wallace was born into the gentry of Scotland; his father lived until he was 18, his
mother until his 24th year; he killed the sheriff of Lanark when he was 27, apparently
after the murder of his wife; he led a group of commoners against the English in a very
successful battle at Stirling in 1297, temporarily receiving appointment as guardian;
Wallace's reputation as a military leader was ruined in the same year of 1297, leading to
his resignation as guardian; he spent several years of exile in France before being
captured by the English at Glasgow, this resulting in his trial for treason and his cruel
execution.[64]
A. E. Christa Canitz writes about the historical William Wallace further: "[He] was a younger son
of the Scottish gentry, usually accompanied by his own chaplain, well-educated, and eventually,
having been appointed Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland, engaged in diplomatic
correspondence with the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck and Hamburg". She finds that in Braveheart,
"any hint of his descent from the lowland gentry (i.e., the lesser nobility) is erased, and he is
presented as an economically and politically marginalized Highlander and 'a farmer'—as one with
the common peasant, and with a strong spiritual connection to the land which he is destined to
liberate."[65]
Colin McArthur writes that Braveheart "constructs Wallace as a kind of modern, nationalist
guerrilla leader in a period half a millennium before the appearance of nationalism on the
historical stage as a concept under which disparate classes and interests might be mobilised within
a nation state." Writing about Braveheart's "omissions of verified historical facts", McArthur notes
that Wallace made "overtures to Edward I seeking less severe treatment after his defeat at Falkirk",
as well as "the well-documented fact of Wallace's having resorted to conscription and his
willingness to hang those who refused to serve."[66] Canitz posits that depicting "such lack of class
solidarity" as the conscriptions and related hangings "would contaminate the movie's image of
Wallace as the morally irreproachable primus inter pares among his peasant fighters."[65]
Portrayal of Isabella of France
Isabella of France is shown having an affair with Wallace after the Battle of Falkirk. She later tells
Edward I she is pregnant, implying that her son, Edward III, was a product of the affair. In reality,
Isabella was around three years old and living in France at the time of the Battle of Falkirk, was
not married to Edward II until he was already king, and Edward III was born seven years after
Wallace died.[67][5] Her menacing suggestion, to a dying Longshanks, that she would overthrow
and destroy Edward II is based in fact; however, it was only in 1326, over 20 years after Wallace's
death, that Isabella, her son, and her lover Roger Mortimer would invade England to depose - and
later murder - Edward II.[68]
Portrayal of Robert the Bruce
Robert the Bruce did change sides between the Scots loyalists and the English more than once in
the earlier stages of the Wars of Scottish Independence, but he probably did not fight on the
English side at the Battle of Falkirk (although this claim does appear in a few medieval
sources).[69] Later, the Battle of Bannockburn was not a spontaneous battle; he had already been
fighting a guerrilla campaign against the English for eight years.[70] His title before becoming king
was Earl of Carrick, not Earl of Bruce.[71][72] While the film's name refers to William Wallace, the
nickname "Braveheart" refers to Bruce.[73] Bruce's father is portrayed as an infirm leper, although
it was Bruce himself who allegedly suffered from leprosy in later life.[74][75] In the film, Bruce's
father betrays Wallace to his son's disgust, acknowledging it as the price of his crown, although in
real life Wallace was betrayed by the nobleman John de Menteith and delivered to the English.[76]
Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward
The actual Edward I was ruthless and temperamental, but the film exaggerates his negative
aspects for effect. Edward enjoyed poetry and harp music, was a devoted and loving husband to his
wife Eleanor of Castile, and as a religious man, he gave generously to charity. The film's scene
where he scoffs cynically at Isabella for distributing gold to the poor after Wallace refuses it as a
bribe would have been unlikely especially since Isabella was only a child at the time. Furthermore,
Edward died on campaign two years after Wallace's execution, not in bed at his home.[77]
The depiction of the future Edward II as an effeminate homosexual drew accusations of

homophobia against Gibson.
We cut a scene out, unfortunately ... where you really got to know that character
[Edward II] and to understand his plight and his pain ... But it just stopped the film in
the first act so much that you thought, 'When's this story going to start?'[78]
Gibson defended his depiction of Prince Edward as weak and ineffectual, saying:
I'm just trying to respond to history. You can cite other examples—Alexander the Great,
for example, who conquered the entire world, was also a homosexual. But this story
isn't about Alexander the Great. It's about Edward II.[79]
In response to Longshanks' murder of the Prince's male lover Phillip, Gibson replied: "The fact
that King Edward throws this character out a window has nothing to do with him being gay ... He's
terrible to his son, to everybody."[80] Gibson asserted that the reason Longshanks kills his son's
lover is because the king is a "psychopath".[81]
Wallace's military campaign
"MacGregors from the next glen" joining Wallace shortly after the action at Lanark is dubious,
since it is questionable whether Clan Gregor existed at that stage, and when they did emerge their
traditional home was Glen Orchy, some distance from Lanark.[82]
Wallace did win an important victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, but the version in Braveheart
is highly inaccurate, as it was filmed without a bridge (and without Andrew Moray, joint
commander of the Scots army, who was fatally injured in the battle). Later, Wallace did carry out a
large-scale raid into the north of England, but he did not get as far south as York, nor did he kill
Longshanks' nephew.[83]
The "Irish conscripts" at the Battle of Falkirk are also unhistorical; there were no Irish troops at
Falkirk (although many of the English army were actually Welsh)[84] and it is anachronistic to
refer to conscripts in the Middle Ages (although there were feudal levies).
The two-handed long swords used by Gibson in the film were not in wide use in the period. A one-
handed sword and shield would have been more accurate.[85]
Accusations of Anglophobia
Sections of the English media accused the film of harboring Anglophobia. The Economist called it
"xenophobic",[86] and John Sutherland writing in The Guardian stated that: "Braveheart gave full
rein to a toxic Anglophobia".[87][88][89]
In The Times, Colin McArthur said "the political effects are truly pernicious. It's a xenophobic
film."[88] Ian Burrell of The Independent has said, "The Braveheart phenomenon, a Hollywood-
inspired rise in Scottish nationalism, has been linked to a rise in anti-English prejudice".[90]
Home media
Braveheart was released on DVD on August 29, 2000.[91] It was released on Blu-ray as part of the
Paramount Sapphire Series on September 1, 2009.[92] It was released on 4K UHD Blu-ray as part
of the 4K upgrade of the Paramount Sapphire Series on May 15, 2018.[92]
Sequel
On February 9, 2018, a sequel titled Robert the Bruce was announced. The film will lead directly
on from Braveheart and follow the widow Moira, portrayed by Anna Hutchison, and her family
(portrayed by Gabriel Bateman and Talitha Bateman), who save Robert the Bruce, with Angus
Macfadyen reprising his role from Braveheart. The cast includes Jared Harris, Patrick Fugit, Zach
McGowan, Emma Kenney, Diarmaid Murtagh, Seoras Wallace, Shane Coffey, Kevin McNally, and
Melora Walters. Richard Gray directed the film, with Macfadyen and Eric Belgau writing the
script. Helmer Gray, Macfadyen, Hutchison, Kim Barnard, Nick Farnell, Cameron Nuggent, and
Andrew Curry produced the film.[93] Filming took place in 2019 and was completed with a limited
cinematic release the same year.
See also
Outlaw King; although not a sequel, it depicts events that occurred immediately after the
events in Braveheart
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Notes
a. Tied with Ed Wood.
b. Tied with George Watters II for Crimson Tide.
External links
Braveheart (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112573/) at IMDb
Braveheart (https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v134724) at AllMovie
Braveheart (https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=braveheart.htm) at Box Office Mojo
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Development on the film initially started at Metro-Goldwyn-

Awards and honors Production Icon

Alun Armstrong as Mornay

Gibson and his production company, Icon Productions, had

Release and reception

The European premiere was on September 3, 1995, in Stirling.[30]

The film generated huge interest in Scotland and in Scottish

Awards and honors

Award Category Recipient(s) Result

Awards Circuit Best Costume Design Charles Knode Won

Award Category Recipient(s) Result

Directors Guild of Outstanding Directorial

National Board of Top Ten Films 9th Place

Award Category Recipient(s) Result

American Film Institute lists

AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies – Nominated[40]

In 1997, a 12-foot (3.7 m), 13-tonne (13-long-ton; 14-short-ton)

Jus primae noctis

Occupation and independence

Portrayal of William Wallace

Portrayal of Isabella of France

Portrayal of Robert the Bruce

Portrayal of Longshanks and Prince Edward

The depiction of the future Edward II as an effeminate homosexual drew accusations of

Wallace's military campaign

29. "Empire Award Past Winners - 1996" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121014113022/http://ww

43. "HollywoodBowlBallot" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140328082222/http://www.afi.com/Doc

58. Traquair, Peter (1998). Freedom's Sword. HarperCollins. p. 62

80. "Gay Alliance has Gibson's 'Braveheart' in its sights" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011060423

b. Tied with George Watters II for Crimson Tide.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braveheart&oldid=1063604287"

This page was last edited on 3 January 2022, at 23:11 (UTC).

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