Cyprus International University Date: 24.08.

2021
Faculty of Engineering
MCLE 446 – Thermal Power Engines
2020-2021 Summer Semester – Final Exam
Duration: 90 minutes
Note: There are 5 questions. Submit your answers through Moodle before 2pm.
Good Luck!
Dogus Hurdoganoglu

Question 1: An ideal air-standard Diesel cycle engine has a compression ratio of 18 and a cut-off ratio (v3/v2) of 2. The
P-v diagram is shown in Figure 1. At the beginning of the compression process, the working fluid’s pressure is 100 kPa
and its temperature is 27°C (300 K). The average values of Cp, Cv, and γ for the relevant processes in the cycle are
Cp=1.190kJ/kg. K, Cv=0.764kJ/kg. K, γ=1.376 for process 1→2 and γ=1.318 for process 3→4.

Figure 1: Ideal Diesel cycle engine

a) Determine the temperature and pressure of the air at the end of each process.

b) Determine the heat in and heat out per cycle [kJ/kg].

c) Determine the net-work output per cycle [kJ/kg].

d) Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Relevant Thermodynamic relations:

Pv = RT; R = 0.287 kJ/kg K

Δu = CvΔT Δh = CpΔT
Adiabatic: Pv = const; Tv γ-1 = const
γ

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Question 2:

Figure 2: Schematic vapour power cycle

Water is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle (shown in Figure 2). Superheated vapour enters the turbine at 10
MPa, 480°C, and the condenser pressure is 6 kPa. Determine for the cycle:

a) the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the steam generator, in kJ per kg of steam flowing;

b) the thermal efficiency;

c) the rate of heat transfer from the working fluid passing through the condenser to the cooling water, in kJ per kg of the
steam flowing.

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Question 3:

Figure 3: Schematic drawing of cascaded turbines with reheater (heat exchanger) between the stages

Air enters a 2-stage gas turbine (at 1200kPa and 1200K) and then expands to 100kPa (at stage 4). The air is reheated
between the two cascaded turbine stages at a constant pressure of 350kPa and a temperature of 1200K. The expansion
through each turbine stage is an isentropic process. Analyse the gas turbine and calculate the following quantities for
the flowing air:

a) the work developed by each stage in kJ/kg;

b) the heat transfer for the reheat process in kJ/kg;

c) the increase in net work done, as a percentage, as compared to a single stage of expansion with no reheat.

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Question 4:

Figure 4: Schematic of vapour power plant

Figure 4 shows a vapour power plant operating at steady state with water as the working fluid. Key parameters of the
process are given in the Figure. The mass flow rate of the water circulating through the components is 109 kg/s. All
potential stray heat transfer, kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored.

Determine:

a) all enthalpy and entropy values for each state;

b) the mass flow rate of the cooling water, in kg/s;

c) the thermal efficiency;

d) the rates of entropy production, each in kW/K, for the turbine, condenser, and pump;

e) place the components in rank order, beginning with the component contributing most to inefficient operation of the
overall system.

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Question 5: Air enters the compressor of a cold air-standard Brayton cycle with regeneration and reheat at 100kPa,
300K, with a mass flow rate of 6kg/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10, and the inlet temperature for each turbine
stage is 1400K. The turbine stages and compressor each have isentropic efficiencies of 80% and the regenerator
effectiveness is 80%. For k=1.4, calculate:

a) the thermal efficiency for the cycle;

b) the back work ratio;

c) the net power developed, in kW.

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Appendix: Properties of Superheated Water Vapour

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Appendix: Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapour): Pressure Table

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 Appendix: Ideal Gas Properties of Air

See next page;

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Appendix: Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapour): Temperature Table

Appendix: Properties of compressed liquid water

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Appendix: Properties of compressed liquid water

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Appendix: Properties of Saturated Water (Liquid-Vapour): Pressure Table

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