OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

CAS-002-12-00

OLFU VISION

A premier inclusive university of choice aspiring to improve man as man by developing individuals through a legacy of excellent education
and compassionate value formation.

OLFU MISSION OLFU CORE VALUES

Through innovative learning strategies focused on strong and

updated academic foundation with enhanced industry skills
and experience, a graduate of OLFU is expected to be an
ACHIEVER. In the community and in the workplace, an OLFU
graduate will be known as a person who:
The Our Lady of Fatima University, together with Fatima Medical A - Aspires to do his Best
Science Foundation, Inc., is dedicated to the Improvement of man C - Credible and Compassionate
as man through the holistic formation of individuals imbued with H - Hardworking and Honorable
knowledge, skills, and virtues. I - Inspiration to Others
E - Efficient, Effective and Ethical
V- Visionary
E - Entrepreneurial, Employable and Excellent Work
Habits
R - Responsible

PROGRAM MISSION
PROGRAM VISION

The College of Medical Laboratory Science aims to provide quality

The College of Medical Laboratory Science envisions itself to
educational program that embodies excellence in laboratory science for
be the premier institution in the provision of quality medical
the development of globally competitive, compassionate and highly-
laboratory science education, research and practice by 2025.
skilled medical laboratory scientists through competent educators and
state of the art laboratory equipment and facilities.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO) PROGRAM OUTCOMES (ATTRIBUTES)

A graduate of BS Medical Laboratory Science is expected to: Upon graduation from the program,

1. Demonstrate competence in the performance of clinical 1. Demonstrate competence in the performance of

laboratory tests in aid of diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and clinical laboratory practice
management of diseases. 2. Participate in continuing professional education
2. Commitment to lifelong learning through continuing education. activities.
3. Exhibit an attitude of professionalism and leadership in 3. Perform Medical Laboratory test and procedures
collaboration with other disciplines and membership in guided by ethical and moral standard set by the
professional organization. profession.
4. Appreciate the need for research and community services to 4. Engage in providing community extension program
develop knowledge of health, disease, healthcare and services as well as to develop leadership skills.
management and education. 5. Conduct research and related activities.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND RELATIONSHIP TO PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PO DESCRIPTION PEO1 PEO2 PEO3 PEO4

1 Demonstrate competence in the performance of clinical laboratory practice X

2 Participate in continuing professional education activities. X

Perform Medical Laboratory test and procedures guided by ethical and moral
3 X X X
standard set by the profession.
Engage in providing community extension program and services as well as to
4 X
develop leadership skills.

5 Conduct research and related activities. X X

COURSE LEARNING PLAN

HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES

 COURSE DESCRIPTION
COLLEGE MLS
The course enable students to describe the basic disease process,
correlate etiology of disease with the course of development of anatomic
and clinical changes brought about by the disease, use and demonstrate
COURSE CODE HPCT 311 histologic techniques essential in the production of histologic slides for the
diagnosis of diseases including special staining procedures and other
related techniques and identify cells involved in the diagnosis of diseases
Histopathologic and Cytologic using cytological techniques.
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
techniques

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO)

PREREQUISITE (S) HHIS 221, CYTO 311
After the successful completion of Histopathologic and cytologic
techniques, students already have:

CREDIT UNIT (S) 3 units CO1: Acquired basic concepts of disease formation
CO2: Described the principles and procedures in cell and tissue
preparation and processing
CO3: Developed the necessary skills required in the preparation of slides
CONTACT HOURS Lecture: 2 Hours
for microscopic examinations
PER SESSION: Laboratory : 3 Hours
CO4: Applied the concepts of quality assurance program in
histopathologic laboratory
CO5: Manifested the medical technologist’s personal, social and
professional responsibilities in helping restore or maintain the
health of men with high moral and ethical standards.

COURSE COVERAGE – PRELIMS

Week no. Units Expected outcome Course content

At the end of this unit, the student is able to: 1.1. Mission and Vision of the University and College

1. Apply the mission, vision, and rules and 1.2. Rules and Regulation of the university
regulation of the university and college
1.3. Grading System
2. Review the grading system

3. Differentiate the normal tissue from 1.4. General Pathology

abnormal tissue 1.4.1. Introduction
1
1.4.2. Review of Normal Histology
4. Analyze the pathophysiology of disease 1.4.3. Definitions
process. 1.4.4. Branches of pathology
1.4.5. Diseases
5. Examine the morphologic changes and 1.4.6. Etiology
functional derangement 1.4.7. Pathogenesis
1.4.8. Morphologic changes and functional
derangements
1.4.9. Clinical Significance
At the end of this unit, the student is 2.1.Cellular Injury and Cell Death
able to: 2.1.1. Normal homeostasis
2.1.2. Reversible cell injury
2.1. Differentiate the different types of death. 2.1.3. Irreversible cell injury
2.1.4. Cell death
2.2. Explain the mechanism of the changes 2.1.5. Apoptosis
in somatic change 2.1.6. Necrosis
2
2.3. Discuss the alterations involved in 2.2. Autopsy
specific organ/s after an injury.
. 2.2.1. Types of autopsy

2.3. Types of Biopsy

At the end of this unit, the student is 3.1. Cellular Adaptation

able to:
3.1.1. Terms
3.1. Differentiate the type of cell adaptation 3.1.1.1. Atrophy
due to sudden changes in the internal milieu. 3.1.1.2. hypertrophy
3.1.1.3. Hyperplasia
3.2. Analyze which are reversible, 3.1.1.4. Metaplasia
irreversible and precancerous lesions.
3.1.2. Definition, types, etiologies of different cell
3
3.3. Distinguish the pathophysiology of Adaptation
different adaptation.
3.2. Degeneration, pigmentation, pathologic
3.4. Explain the mechanisms involved in accumulation of chemicals
degeneration, pigmentation and 3.2.1. Etiology
hyperbilirubinemia. 3.2.2. Types
3.2.3.Pathophysiology

3.4. Pathologic calcification

 At the end of this unit, the student is
able to: 4.1. Inflammation and Repair

4.1.1. Discuss terms related to inflammation 4.1.1. Definition

and repair. 4.1.2. Etiology
4.1.3. Cardinal signs
4.1.2. Analyze the importance of body 4.1.4. Classification
response to inflammation. 4.1.5. Mechanisms of acute and chronic
inflammation
4.1.3. Check the clinical manifestations 4.1.6. Cells of inflammatory response
in the presence of inflammation.

4 4.1.4. Examine the causes of inflammation

and its preventive measures and possible
management.

4.2.1 Discuss the terms related to tissue

healing and repair
4.2.2. Identify the mechanism of cellular
proliferation
4.2.3. Illustrate the patterns of healing
process
4.2.4. Differentiate the factors that influence
in wound healing and its complications.
4.2. Tissue healing and repair
4.2.1. Definition
4.2.2. Cellular proliferation
4.2.3. Patterns of healing process
4.2.4.Factors influence in wound healing
4.2.5. Complications of wound healing

At the end of this unit, the student is able to: 5.1. Etiology of Diseases

5.1. Differentiate diseases according to 5.1.1. Genetic Diseases

etiology 5.1.1.1. Definition
5.1.1.2. Classification
5.2. Examine the distinctive features of the
commonly encountered diseases 5.1.2. Hemodynamic Disorders
5.1.2.1. Definition
5.3. Analyze the laboratory findings with the 5.1.2.2. Pathogenesis
etiology of disease 5.1.2.3. Classification

5.4. Explain pathognomonic 5.1.3. Nutritional

findings in each disease. Diseases
5.1.3.1. Definition
5.5. Explain the pathologic events that take 5.1.3.2. Pathogenesis
place during the disease 5.1.3.3. Classification
process.
5 5.1.4. Metabolic Diseases
5.1.4.1. Definition
5.1.4.2. Pathogenesis
5.1.4.3. Causes

5.1.5. Neoplasia
5.1.5.1. Definition
5.1.5.2. Pathogenesis
5.1.5.3. Classification
5.1.5.4. Causes

5.1.6. Infectious Diseases

5.1.6.1. Definition
5.1.6.2. Pathogenesis
5.1.6.3. Classification
5.1.6.4. Causes

5.1.7. Diseases caused environmental, chemical

6
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
At the end of this unit, the student is able to:
1. Differentiate the advantages and Histopathologic Techniques
disadvantages between fresh tissue
examination and that of the preserved tissue I. Introduction to Tissue Processing
examination. 1. Overview
2. Identify the different methods of fresh
tissue examination. 2. Methods of tissue examination
3. Point out which method of tissue 2.1. Fresh tissue
7 examination performed per specific sample 2.2. Preserved tissue
tissue.
4. Analyze the steps involved in tissue
processing. 3. Receiving, custody and identification of
5. Demonstrate the correct receiving, tissues
handling and accessioning of tissue sample 4. Grossing and section cutting
6. Practice tissue grossing and cutting.
 At the end of this unit, the student is
able to:
1. Identify which of the fixative will be used
for a given sample specimen.
2. Employ the significance of using specific
fixative for a specific tissue specimen.
3. Analyze the importance of tissue fixation
8 immediately after removing it from human
body.
4. Explain the characteristics of
good fixative
At the end of this unit, the student is
able to:
1. Explain the basic concept of
decalcification
2. Identify the best decalcifying agent or
method for decalcified tissue.
3. Analyze the factors that may affect the
process of decalcification
9 4. Demonstrate the process of
decalcification
At the end of this unit, the student is
able to:
1. Explain the significance of the
process of dehydration.
2. Identify the toxic effects of some
dehydrating agents and how to prevent
toxicity.
3. Point out the best dehydrating agent for
given sample tissue.
10 At the end of this unit, the student is
able to:
1. Explain the significance of clearing prior to
impregnation.
2. Identify the toxic effects of some clearing
agents and how to prevent toxicity.
3. Point out the best clearing agent for a
given sample tissue.
At the end of this unit, the student is
able to:
1. Explain the importance of tissue
impregnation.
2. Demonstrate the procedure of tissue
impregnation.
3. Discuss the importance of paraffin wax
impregnation.
4. Identify other infiltrating media
11
At the end of this unit, the student is
able to:
1. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each type of mold.
2. Analyze the importance of molding the
sample tissue prior to sectioning.
3. Demonstrate the procedure of
embedding.
4. Employ the importance of trimming the
tissue prior to sectioning
12
Fixation
1. Definitions
2. Characteristics of good fixatives
3. Effects of fixation
4. Methods of Fixation
4.1. Chemical
4.2. Heat
4.3. Vapor
4.4. Microwave irradiation
4.5. Ultrasound
4.6. Vacuum
4.7. Others
5. Types of Chemical fixatives
5.1. Composition and preparation
5.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Factors affecting the rate of fixation
7. Secondary fixation and post-chromatization
Decalcification
1. Definition
2. Decalcifying agents
2.1. Composition and preparation
3. Methods of decalcification
4. Factors affecting the process of
decalcification
5. Ways of measuring the extent of
decalcification
6. Tissue softeners
Dehydration
1. Definition
2. Characteristics of an ideal dehydrating solution
3. Commonly used dehydrating agents
4. Advantages and disadvantages
5. Additives to dehydrating agents
Clearing /Dealcoholization
1. Definition
2. Characteristics of a good clearing agents
3. Commonly used clearing agents
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Impregnation /Infiltration and Embedding
1. Definition
2. Types of impregnation and embedding media
2.1. Paraffin wax impregnation
2.1.1. Factors affecting paraffin wax
impregnation
2.1.2. Substitute
2.1.3. Precautions
2.1.4. Methods
2.2. Other infiltrating media
2.2.1. Celloidin impregnation
2.2.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
2.2.2.2. Methods for celloidin impregnation
2.2.2. Gelatin impregnation
2.2.3. Embedding process
2.2.3.1. Types of Blocking out molds
2.2.3.2 Plastic (Resin) Embedding
2.2.4. Others
2.2.5. Trimming of tissue blocks
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
 At the end of this unit, the student is Microtome, Section Cutting and Adhesives
able to: 1. Types
1. Explain different types of microtome. 2. Care
2. Discuss the use of each type of 3. Techniques
microtome. 4. Parts
3. Analyze the use of each microtome knife. 4.1. Microtome knife
4. Point out the importance of honing 5. Honing
and stropping. 5.1. Types of hones
13 5. Employ measures to resolve problems 6. Stropping
encountered during 7. Problems and resolutions encountered in
section cutting Section Cutting
6. Explain the significance of the use of 8. Adhesives
adhesives 8.1. Types
8.2. Composition and preparation

At the end of this unit, the student is Staining

able to: 1. Definition
1. Point out the ideal dye for a given sample 2. Types
specimen. 3. Composition and preparation
2. Demonstrate the procedure of staining. 4. Methods
3. Analyze the ideal special stain for tissue 5. Immuno-stains
4. Employ the appropriate 6. Special staining
immunohistochemical and special stains for
14 special conditions.

At the end of this unit, the student is Mounting

able to: 1. Types
1. Analyze different types of mounting media. 1.1. Aqueous
2. Demonstrate the proper procedure of 1.2. Resinous
mounting the tissue 2. Composition and preparation
3. Explain the different techniques of
labeling. XI. Labeling
4. Discuss the precautions in labeling. 1. Techniques
15 2. Precautions

At the end of this unit, the student is able to:
1. Demonstrate the proper collection of
specimen.
2. Employ the proper procedure of fixation
and staining of gynecologic cervicovaginal
smears
3. Demonstrate the proper handling and
16 processing of non-gynecologic and other
body fluid specimens
Cytological Technique
1. Exfoliative cytology
1.1. Collection of specimen
1.2.Preparation of specimen and fixation
1.3.Gynecological staining procedures
1.3.1. cells found in cervicovaginal smear
2. Non -gynecologic and other body fluid specimens
2.1 FNAB
2.2Preparation of cytospin slides

At the end of this unit, the student is able to:

1. Discuss the preparation and processing of Immunohistochemical Techniques

tissues for immunohistochemistry 1. Preparation of tissue for immunohistochemistry
2. Types of tumor markers
2. Discuss the advantages and 3. Practical consideration
disadvantages of rapid tissue processing 4. In-situ hybridization
17 Rapid tissue processing
1. Advantages and disadvantages
2. Processing

18
FINAL EXAMINATION

TEXTBOOKS
Gregorios-Bruce, Jocelyn (2012). Histopathologic Techniques 2nd ed. Quezon City: JMC Press.

REFERENCES (BOOKS/ONLINE WEBSITES/JOURNALS)

Story, Lachel, (2012), Pathophysiology: A practical approach
Damjanov, Ivan. (2012), Pathology for the Health professions, 4th edition.
Young, Barbara (2012), Wheater’s Basic Pathology: A Text Atlas and Review of Histopathology.
Vinay, Mescher (2010), Robbins and Cotran pathologic basics of Disease, 8th Ed.

ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING: HOMEWORK, WRITTEN REPORTS AND PAPERS

Each student is required to submit their homework at the beginning of each meeting
Homework and Assignment
whenever
Particulars:
it is assigned by the professor which is equivalent to 5% of the student’s periodic grade.

Each student is required to submit a project paper / case study report, during the week
Written Reports and Project Paper
before the final examination, which is an academic requirement which is equivalent to 5% of
Particulars:
his final period grade.

GRADING SYSTEM
The final grade of the student is interpreted as shown on the table below:
ABOVE 95.00 – 83.00 – 74.00 and
AVERAGE 94.00 80.00-82.00 76.00-79.00 75.00
98.00 97.00 85.00 below

FINAL GRADE 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 5.0
FDA (Failure due to Absences) UW (Unauthorized Withdrawal) INC (Incomplete)
AW (authorized withdrawal NFE (No Final Examination
Lecture 60%: Prelims (20%) Midterms (25%) Finals (25%) Quizzes (20%) Research (5%) Attendance (5%)
Laboratory 40% Quizzes (50%) Experiments (20%) Performance Grade (20%) Attendance (10%)