Name: ___________________________________________ Mod: ________

Date: _______ / ________ / 2011 U6.LP6:International Organizations

Objective: Students will analyze country case studies in order to evaluate what actions international
organizations would play in aiding these countries.

Warm-Up: Match the example and vocabulary term.

_____ 1. Marbury v. Madison A. Supremacy Clause
B. Right to Counsel
_____ 2. Tinker v. DesMoines
C. Students’ rights to freedom of expression
_____ 3. NJ v. TLO
D. Equal Protection Clause
_____ 4. McCulloch v. Maryland E. Judicial Review
F. National government must protect one’s Due Process
_____ 5. Brown v. Board of Education
Rights
_____ 6. Gideon v. Wainwright
G. Freedom of religion, press, speech, expression and
_____ 7. Miranda v. Arizona assembly.
H. Separate is inherently unequal, desegregates schools and
_____ 8. Plessy v. Ferguson
public accommodations
_____ 9. 4th Amendment
I. Protection against unreasonable search and seizure
_____ 10. 1st Amendment J. State governments must provide a lawyer in a criminal trial
if the defendant cannot afford one.
_____ 11. 5th Amendment
K. Separate but Equal doctrine.
_____ 12. 14th Amendment
L. Defendants have the right to remain silent.
_____ 13. 6th Amendment M. Students may be searched if school suspects they have
broken a school rule.
Frayer Model
Definition Characteristic
Groups that focus on ___________________________________ Causes:
policy and relationships between multiple nations.  _____________________________ / Political
They include _______________________________ or interests
representatives from several nations and do work  Humanitarian interests
in several countries.  __________________ interests
Effects:
 Cooperation between countries
 Less __________________________ on individual
countries to act.
International Organizations
Examples Non-examples
The Red Cross sends ____________________, food and Barack Obama announces in August 2010 plans to
water supplies to Haiti after the 2010 Earthquake. pull all ______________________ out of Iraq by the end of
2011.
 Main Points Supporting Details
Types of _________________________________________ Organizations can focus on different issues or
International regions of the ____________________________.
Organizations One way to a categorize organizations is by whether they focus on:
1. Military / _______________________________ interests
2. _________________________ interests
3. Economic interests

North American What: An economic ____________________________ between Canada, Mexico and United
Free Trade States to remove all restrictions and ____________________________ on imports and
Agreement exports among _____________________________ in these countries.
Effects: More ____________________ opportunities between the businesses in these
three countries, _________________________________ from US businesses and support from
_________________________ businesses.
Examples: No tariffs on goods sold between US and Mexican businesses.
Purpose: Created in 1994 to expand the ________________________ of the three nations.

What: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a mutual

North Atlantic _________________________ alliance of nations from Europe and North America.
Treaty Effects: Protects nations from ___________________________ and promotes cooperation
among nations in handling world threats
Organization
Examples: NATO troops entered Libya to protect ____________________________ from
attack from dictator, Muamar Khadafi.
Purpose: NATO, created in 1949, was organized to defend member nations from
the possible __________________________ of the Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern
Europe. It has now expanded to react to aggression in other countries.

What: An organization with more than 190 member _____________________ that

maintains international ___________________________________ and security. There are
United Nations many sub- organizations within the United Nations that focus on specific issues,
such as health, human rights, security.
Effects: Increases _________________________ among countries, increases peaceful
relationships
Examples: The United Nations Security Council applauded the news of Osama bin
Laden's death.
Purpose: Created after World War II to attempt to stabilize international
_______________________________ and handle the world’s problems through diplomacy.

What: The World Bank Group is a specialized __________________________ of the United

World Bank (WB) Nations (UN) Economic and Social Council that provides
and the __________________________________ assistance and advice to developing countries.
International Effects: Development and modernization of poor nations but problems with
Monetary Fund massive _____________________________ in these poor nations.
Examples: World approves ______________________ of $300 million to East African
(IMF)
Countries to upgrade major roads in the region
Purpose: It was initially created to provide loans for rebuilding those countries
devastated by World War II and has since expanded its activities by providing
loans to middle-income nations and creditworthy poor countries around the world
for development programs.
International Red What: International Red Cross provides _____________________________ to victims of
natural disasters and wars.
Cross Effects: Helps those that are victim of war, natural disaster and
__________________________ outbreaks.
Examples: Red Cross helps to ____________________________ families in Rwanda who
were torn apart because of the civil war and genocide.
Purpose: Created in the late 1800s to be a ______________________ party in a war
focused only on helping _________________________ soldiers and civilians, and it now is
recognized as providing help to all in non-military crisis, too.

International Organizations Categorization

Political / Military Economic Social / Humanitarian

International Red Cross International Monetary Fund United Nations

World Bank NAFTA NATO
Check for Understanding

1. Which of these does the International Red Cross provide in time of war?
A. health care to prisoners of war
B. trained personnel to assist in combat
C. military protection to nations surrounding war zones
D. ambassadors to help warring nations reach peaceful agreements

2. Which of these is the main goal of both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund?
A. to improve the economies of member nations
B. to promote democratic reforms in member nations
C. to increase reliance on agriculture in member nations
D. to support the educational institutions of member nations

3. Read the news headline below

The headline is most associated with which of these goals?

A. to increase migration
B. to form military forces
C. to overthrow governments
D. to stop human rights abuses

4. The United Nations was organized to

A. decrease trade barriers
B. prevent further world wars
C. establish a military alliance
D. create a single world currency

5. Which of these was the main purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of
1993?
A. to weaken Mexico's economy
 B. to attract United States workers to Mexico
C. to encourage Mexican companies to move to Canada
D. to open markets between the United States and Mexico

6. Why did the United States government most likely sign the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)?
A. to expand the economy
B. to establish a military alliance
C. to provide direct funding to foreign countries
D. to improve the transportation system between member countries

7. The United States most likely joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to
A. provide medical care to developing nations
B. increase economic stability in other nations
C. create a military alliance with member nations
D. establish a single currency among member nations

8. Which of these statements about the United Nations (UN) is true?

A. Its membership rules exclude poor nations.
B. Its policies discourage international cooperation.
C. Its councils elect leaders for many nations.
D. Its goals include international stability.

9. Which of these is a purpose of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
A. to create a common currency among member nations
B. to forgive the international debt of member nations
C. to eliminate most tariffs among member nations
D. to provide relief for refugees of war in member nations
Country Case Study: Instructions
• We will read a country case study. While reading the case study, code the text as one of the
following issues:
– Political / Military (PM)
– Economic (E)
– Social / Humanitarian (S/H)

• We will use this information to decide what international organization should tackle what
issues and what they can do to help.

 Once we read and coded the text, we will then suggest how each international organization
could help alleviate the problems that this country is facing.
- Use the sentence starters and think creatively about the organizations focus and what they
could do to help.
Guided Practice
Country Case Brief: Rwanda, 1994
The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass murder of an estimated 800,000 people in the small East
African nation of Rwanda. Over the course of approximately 100 days from the assassination of Juvénal
Habyarimana on April 6 through mid-July, over 500,000 people were killed. Estimates of the death toll
have ranged between 500,000 and 1,000,000, or as much as 20% of the country's total population. It was
the culmination of longstanding ethnic competition and tensions between the minority Tutsi, who had
controlled power for centuries, and the majority Hutu peoples, who had come to power in the rebellion of
1959–1962 and overthrown the Tutsi monarchy.

In 1990, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a rebel group composed mostly of Tutsi refugees, invaded
northern Rwanda from Uganda in an attempt to defeat the Hutu-led government. They began the
Rwandan Civil War, fought between the Hutu regime, with support from Francophone nations of Africa
and France, and the RPF, with support from Uganda. This exacerbated ethnic tensions in the country. In
response, many Hutu gravitated toward the Hutu Power ideology, with the prompting of state-controlled
and independent Rwandan media.

As an ideology, Hutu Power asserted that the Tutsi intended to enslave the Hutu and must be resisted at
all costs. Continuing ethnic strife resulted in the rebels' displacing large numbers of Hutu in the north,
plus periodic localized Hutu killings of Tutsi in the south. International pressure on the Hutu-led
government of Juvénal Habyarimana resulted in a cease-fire in 1993.

The assassination of Habyarimana in April 1994 set off a violent reaction, resulting in the Hutus'
conducting mass killings of Tutsis and pro-peace Hutus, who were portrayed as "traitors." This genocide
had been planned by members of the Hutu power group known as the Akazu, many of whom occupied
positions at top levels of the national government; the execution of the genocide was supported and
coordinated by the national government as well as by local military and civil officials and mass media.
Alongside the military, primary responsibility for the killings themselves rests with two Hutu militias that
had been organized for this purpose by political parties.

It was the end of the peace agreement meant to end the war. In response to the killings, the Tutsi RPF
restarted their offensive, eventually defeating the government army and seizing control of the country.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Genocide
Given its mission of ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________, NATO could help in Rwanda by...
NATO

World
Bank

Red
Cross

United
Nation
s
 Independent Practice
Country Case Brief: Haiti, 2010
The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicentre near the town
of Léogâ ne, approximately 25 km (16 miles) west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital. The earthquake
occurred at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.
By 24 January, at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater had been recorded. An estimated three
million people were affected by the quake; the Haitian government reported that an estimated 316,000
people had died, 300,000 had been injured and 1,000,000 made homeless. The death toll has also been
suggested to be much lower at somewhere between 92,000 and 220,000, with around 1.5 million to 1.8
million homeless. The government of Haiti also estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000
commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged.

The earthquake caused major damage in Port-au-Prince, Jacmel and other settlements in the region.
Many notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the Presidential
Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral, and the main jail. Among those
killed were Archbishop of Port-au-Prince Joseph Serge Miot,[15] and opposition leader Micha Gaillard.

Many countries responded to appeals for aid, pledging funds and dispatching rescue and medical teams,
engineers and support personnel. Communication systems, air, land, and sea transport facilities,
hospitals, and electrical networks had been damaged by the earthquake, which hampered rescue and aid
efforts; confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems with prioritization of
flights further complicated early relief work. Port-au-Prince's morgues were quickly overwhelmed with
many tens of thousands of bodies having to be buried in mass graves. As rescues tailed off, supplies,
medical care and sanitation became priorities. Delays in aid distribution led to angry appeals from aid
workers and survivors, and looting and sporadic violence were observed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti_earthquake_2010
Given its mission of ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________, NATO could help in Haiti by...
NATO

World
Bank

Red
Cross

United
Nation
s

Country Case Brief: Sudan / Darfur, 2003 - Present

The Darfur Conflict is an ongoing guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It
began in February 2003 when the Justice and Equality Movement in Darfur took up arms, accusing the
Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in favor of Sudanese Arabs. One side of the
conflict is composed mainly of the official Sudanese military and police, and the Janjaweed, a Sudanese
militia group recruited mostly from the Arab Abbala tribes, these tribes are mainly camel-herding
nomads. The other combatants are made up of rebel groups, notably the JEM recruited primarily from the
non-Arab Muslim Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit ethnic groups.

Although the Sudanese government publicly denies that it supports the Janjaweed, it has been providing
financial assistance and weapons to the militia and has been organizing joint attacks targeting civilians.

The Sudanese government uses oil revenues to fund a military capacity that is in turn, used to conduct
war in Darfur. Oil revenues collected from companies around the world fund the civil war. Sudan’s oil
wealth has played a major part in enabling an otherwise poor government to fund the expensive
bombers, helicopters and arms supplies which have allowed the Sudanese government to launch aerial
attacks on towns and villages and fund militias to fight its proxy war in Darfur.

There are various estimates on the number of human casualties, ranging from under twenty thousand to
several hundred thousand dead, from either direct combat or starvation and disease inflicted by the
conflict. There have also been mass displacements, forcing millions into refugee camps or over the
border.

The Sudanese government and the JEM signed a ceasefire agreement in February, 2010, with a tentative
agreement to pursue further peace. The JEM has the most to gain from the talks, and could see semi-
autonomy much like South Sudan. However, talks have been disrupted by accusations that the Sudanese
army launched raids and air strikes against a village, violating the February agreement. The JEM, the
largest rebel group in Darfur, has said they will boycott further negotiations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Darfur
Given its mission of ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________, NATO could help in Sudan and Darfur by...
NATO

World
Bank
 Red
Cross

United
Nation
s

Country Case Brief: Egypt, 2011

The 2011 Egyptian revolution took place following a popular uprising that began on 25 January 2011.
The uprising was mainly a campaign of non-violence civil resistance, which featured a series of
demonstrations, marches, acts of civil disobedience, and labour strikes. Millions of protesters from a
variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian
President Hosni Mubarak.

Despite being predominantly peaceful in nature, the revolution was not without violent clashes between
security forces and protesters. The uprising took place in Cairo, Alexandria, and in other cities in Egypt.
On 11 February, following weeks of determined popular protest and pressure, Mubarak resigned from
office.

Grievances of Egyptian protesters were focused on legal and political issues including police brutality,
state of emergency laws, lack of free elections and freedom of speech, uncontrollable corruption, and
economic issues including high unemployment, food price inflation, and low minimum wages. The
primary demands from protest organizers were the end of the Hosni Mubarak regime and the end of
emergency law; freedom, justice, a responsive non-military government, and a say in the management of
Egypt's resources. Strikes by labor unions added to the pressure on government officials.
There were up to 840 deaths reported, and over 6,000 were injured. The capital city of Cairo was
described as "a war zone, “and the port city of Suez was the scene of frequent violent clashes. The
government imposed a curfew that protesters defied and that the police and military did not enforce. The
presence of Egypt's Central Security Forces police, loyal to Mubarak, was gradually replaced by largely
restrained military troops. In the absence of police, there was looting by gangs that opposition sources
said were instigated by plainclothes police officers. In response, watch groups were organized by
civilians to protect neighborhoods.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution
Given its mission of ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________, NATO could help in Egypt by...
NATO
World
Bank

Red
Cross

United
Nation
s

HOMEWORK
Finish the Classwork