LESSON 3

A HISTORY OF GLOBAL
POLITICS: CREATING AN
INTERNATIONAL ORDER
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Identify key events in the development of
international relations;
2. Differentiate internationalization from globalization;

3. Define the state and nation;

4. Distinguish between the competing conceptions of

internationalism; and
5. Discus the historical evolution of international

politics
 ATTRRIBUTES OF
01
TODAY’S GLOBAL

THE
SYSTEM

TABLE OF INTERSTATE SYSTEM

CONTENTS
 02

INTERNATIONALISM

03
ET

AL
CONCLUSION
04
P

ME

SI

H
T

ST

NE

TN

OC

SCHOLARS STUDIED:
⮚ Bureaucracy
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
⮚Interaction between states INTERNATIONALIZATION
⮚Internal politics
⮚Explore the deepening of
⮚Trade deals between states interactions between
states
⮚Political, military, diplomatic
engagement between two or more
⮚ Major part of globalization
countries
We
 cannot
avoid
HISTORY!
ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL
SYSTEM
1. There are countries or states that are independent and
govern themselves.
2. These countries interact with each other through

diplomacy.
3. There are IO like UN that facilitate these

interactions.
4. IO has their own functions aside from facilitating

meetings.
UN TASK – SPECIFIC AGENCIES:
 What are the
origins of this
system?

NATION - STATE

STATE
✔Legal/ Political Concept

✔Country and its government

✔Have 4 essential elements

VS
 NATION

✔Ethnic/Racial Concept

✔ Common race, religion, language, territory,

history, culture or political aspirations

✔Elements not essential and ever-changing

4 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A STATE
 SOVEREIGNTY

BENEDICT ANDERSON

NATION
“Imagined Community”
⮚Members do not
personally know each
other but yet they bear in
 their mind the thought of mutual
connection.

NOT ALL STATES ARE NATIONS AND

NOT ALL NATIONS ARE STATES.
 Wales
England Scotland
If there are communities that are not states,
they often seek some form of autonomy
within their “mother states”
Quebec requires French language competencies for their citizens
SOVEREIGNTY IS ONE OF
THE FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES OF MODERN
STATE POLITICS
THE INTERSTATE
SYSTEM
ORIGIN OF
SOVEREIGNTY:
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM THIRTY YEARS

WAR
Ferdinand II (1618)

King of BohemiaPrague Castle

Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, Sweden

and Dutch Republic recognize the signers to
exercise complete
control over their
domestic affairs and not to meddle in each
other’s affairs.
FEUDALISM
UNEQUAL TAXATION

“Individual rights and freedom are fundamental to

human nature and government just exist in
order to protect them.”
King Louis XVI

National Convention – 1st gov’t

of French Revolution

Committee of Public Safety

Maximilien Robespierre
▪Rise of the Jacobins
▪Reign of Terror

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

▪ France is in war with

other
Monarchs to prevent the spread
of
revolution
▪ Believed in spreading the principles
of French Revolution – liberty,
equality and fraternity to the rest of
the Europe

NAPOLEONIC
WAR (1803 –
1815) ▪Encouraged freedom
of religion
▪Promoted meritrocracy
in the government

▪ Women has no right

to vote
▪ Inequality between
women and men

French Revolution
triggered global decline of absolute
monarchies and replacing them with
republics and liberal democracies.
“The reason most people fail instead of
succeed is they trade what they want most
for what they want at the moment.”
31
Battle of Waterloo (1815) METTERNICH SYSTEM
Klemens von Metternich
CONCERT OF
EUROPE
▪ It
was an alliance to restore the world of monarchical,
hereditary and religious privileges
C
O
N
C
Concert was further weakened by successive
▪

wars
E
R
between participants
T
O
 British Foreign Minister Lord Edward Grey
tried to
F
convene the Concert to prevent hostilities but
failed. E
U
 Collapsed at the outbreak of WWI
R
O
P
E

Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria
ALLIED POWERS - Britain, France and Russia

CENTRAL POWERS - Germany and Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria &

Ottoman Empire

TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Germany need to pay enormous war reparations and
award territory to the victors.

 “Acceptance of obligations not to

resort to war.“

US President Woodrow Wilson is the most

notable advocate

 US did not ratify

 Failed after Adolf Hitler broke away

from the conference and the
League in 1933
 AXIS POWERS – Germany and Italy
 ALLIED POWERS – Poland, Britain and France
AXIS POWERS – Germany, Italy
and JAPAN (1940)
 GERMAN
Y 1945

ALLIED POWERS – Poland, Britain, France and US

5 PERMANENT MEMBERS OF
UN
INTERNATIONALISM
Desire for greater
cooperation and unity among states and
among people
INTERNATIONALISM
▪ Liberal
Internationalism

▪ Socialist
Internationalism
 should aim to propose
▪ British
philosopher legislation that would
coined the word create “the greatest
“international” happiness of all
nations taken
▪ Advocated together.”
“International Law”

▪ Global legislators JEREMY

BENTHAM government to prevent
lawlessness
IMMANUEL
▪ Withouta form of
KANT
world government,
international
▪ Likened states in a system would be
global system living in chaotic
a territory

▪ People needs

WOULD NOT A WORLD

 GOVERNMENT BECOME MORE
SUPREME?

WOULD NOT ITS LAWS

OVERWHELM THE
SOVEREIGNTY OF INDIVIDUAL
STATES?
▪ 1ST to reconcile it nationalism and
 liberal internationalism

Believed in a Republican
▪

government and proposed a

system of free nations that
cooperated with each other to
create an international system.

GIUSEPPE
MAZZINI
▪ 28th President of US

▪ Advocate of League of Nation

▪ Nationalism is a prerequisite of
internationalism

▪ “Principle of self-determination” –
a belief that the world’s
nations
 had a right to a free and sovereign
government.

WOODROW WILSON
▪ An internationalist but did not believe in

nationalism ▪ Biggest critic of Mazzini

▪ Believed that any true form of internationalism

should reject nationalism which rooted people in

domestic concerns instead of global ones. KARL

MARX
 ▪ Divide world into classes:
Capitalist
Proletariat
▪ Opposed nationalism because it prevente
the unification of world’s workers.
INTERNATIONA
LIST
Labor Day
SOCIALIST
 8 hours workday
International Women’s
Day
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917
 Nicholas II
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS (USSR)
COMMUNIST PARTIES
COMMUNIST
INTERNATIONAL
(COMINTERN)

Served as a central body for directing

Communist parties all over the world.
 COMMUNIST
INFORMATION BUREAU
(COMINFORM)

Re-establishment of COMINTERN
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 CONCLUSION
“Never be limited
by other people’s
limited
imagination”