Problems Involving Fractions,

Decimals and Percent

Lesson 2

Objectives:

o give examples of problems involving fractions, decimals, and

percent; and

o determine which operation(s) on fractions/ decimals/ percent

must be used to solve a given problem involving fractions/

decimals/ percent.

Some practical examples of situations that

involve the concept of fraction, decimal and

percent

Examples:

1. Computation of Costs

2. Sales Discounts

3. Interest Rates

4. Comparing costs of different brands of the same product

given in different measures

5. Cooking a recipe for a different number of its usual servings

6. Conversion to dollars or other foreign currencies

Some MORE practical examples of situations

that involve the concept of fraction, decimal

and percent

Examples:

1. Profits

2. Utilities – MERALCO, Manila Water, Maynilad bills

3. Computation of Value Added Tax (VAT) and service charge

4. Income Tax, Excise Tax and Ad Valorem Tax

5. Salary Deductions - GSIS, SSS and PhilHealth

6. Credit Card Interest Payments

Examples: (cont.)

7. Senior Citizen Discount

8. Premium Payments

9. Inflation Rate

10.Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

11.Division of inheritance as provided by law

Sample Problems

Example 1:

In a grocery store, Maria is choosing between two brands

of laundry detergent that would give her lesser cost. Brand A with

net content of 2.2 kg costs PhP144.75 and Brand B with net

content of 900 grams costs PhP67.80. Which brand will Maria

choose?

Example 2:

A department store is giving sales discount on selected

items. How much would you pay for a pair of shoes whose

original price is PhP1,350.00 with a 20% discount?

Example 3:

Sonia baked 5 dozens of cupcakes which cost her a total of

PhP2,675.00. How much should she sell each cupcake if she

wants to get a 25% profit?

Example 4:

Joel and his friends had lunch at a nearby restaurant. If

their total bill was PhP1,640.00, how much was the 12% value

added tax?

Example 5:

Suppose you invest PhP100,000.00 in a project that

guarantees 15% interest annually, provided your money is tied

up for 5 years (i.e. you cannot withdraw any amount within the

five-year period). Show the difference in the annual gross

returns between a simple interest and a compounded

interest.

Time t

(years)

Simple Interest

(thousands of pesos, P000)

Compounded Interest

(thousands of pesos, P000)

1 100.00 + 0.15 (100.00) = 115.00 100.00 + 0.15 (100.00) = 115.00

2 115.00 + 0.15 (100.00) = 130.00 115.00 + 0.15 (115.00) = 132.25

3 130.00 + 0.15 (100.00) = 145.00 132.25 + 0.15 (132.25) 152.09

4 145.00 + 0.15 (100.00) = 160.00 152.09 + 0.15 (152.09) 174.90

5 160.00 + 0.15 (100.00) = 175.00 174.90 + 0.15 (174.90) 201.14

F  P(1 rt)

n F  P(1 i)

Example 6:

The basic charge and environmental charge reflected in a

Manila Water bill is PhP309.97 and PhP62.07, respectively.

What percent of the basic charge is the environmental

charge? In the same bill, the total VATable current charge is

P373.93. How much is the 12% VAT?

Example 7:

Mr. Santos left an estate worth 12 million pesos to his wife

and three children. If the law entitles the wife to ½ of the estate
plus an equal share among the children of the remaining ½ , how

much of the 12 million pesos will be given to the wife? How

much will be the share of each child?

Example 8:

Senior citizens and persons with disability are given a 20%

discount on food items. If a child with disability gives a one

hundred peso bill to pay for ice cream that costs PhP55.00

(inclusive of VAT), how much change will the child receive?

Nang Lydia Macaya has a total

of 125 cavans of a new strain of pest

resistant, high yielding, locally adapted

rice. She plans to distribute them to 4

communities in Panay. If she gives 1/5

of them to the first community, and the

rest divided equally to 3 other

communities, what percent of the

total number of cavans will each of

the last 3 communities get?

A tribe in the province of

Compostela Valley wants to fence a

land measuring 78 3/5 meters on one

side, 63 7/10 meters on the second

side, 132 5/9 meters on the third side,

and 130 1/4 meters on the fourth side.

If they have 2 rolls of 500 meters per

roll of barbed wire at hand, how

many more meters of barbed wire

would they need if they want to

fence the land four times?

Jenel, 8 years old, walks

almost 2 hours a day, hiking uphill

and downhill, crossing streams and

walking under the heat of the sun, to

reach school which is approximately

9 5/8 miles away. This morning, he

started walking at 5:30am. At

6:30am, the school was still 5 1/3

miles away. How far did Jenel walk

so far?

According to the Philippine

Statistics Authority (PSA), there

are 263 out of 1000 Filipinos who

are believed to be suffering in

extreme poverty in the first

semester of the year 2015. If in the

same year, it has been reported

that there are approximately

103,821,858 Filipinos, how many

of this number of Filipinos are in

poverty?

The Philippines is basically

an agricultural country which has a

total agricultural area of 9 67/100

million hectares or about 30

percent of the total land area of the

country cultivated by millions of

Filipino farmers. If this land area

will be divided into smaller lands of

1 467/500 hectares each, how

many million farmers will be

given their own land to

cultivate?