AGASO: Arduino Based Garbage Sorter For Solid Waste Management in Quezon National High School

AGASO: Arduino based Garbage Sorter for Solid Waste Management
in Quezon National High School
Science Investigatory Project
An Entry to Regional Inter-High School Science Investigatory Project Competition 2019
Quezon National High School

Ibabang Iyam, Lucena City
by:
Xchyrha A. Amo
Carla Marie V. Baldovino, Ed. D

Research Adviser
November
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries Page
Table of Contents I
Abstract II
Chapter I: Introduction
Statement of the Problem 5
Hypotheses 6
Significance of the Study 8
Scope and Limitations 10
Conceptual Framework 6
Definition of Terms 10
Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

Local Studies
Foreign Studies
Chapter III: Materials and Methods

Materials 30
Research Design 30
Construction of AGASO 32
Data Gathering Procedure 36
Statistical Treatment 36
Research Instrument 37
Validation Procedure 38
Sampling Procedure 38
Respondents of the Study 38
I
Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
Results and Findings
Chapter V: Conclusions and Recommendation

Summary of Findings 60
Recommendation 63
Post Chapters
Bibliography 64
Appendices
Raw Data 66
Communication Letter 76
Code of the Device 79
Research Instrument 86
Curriculum Vitae 88
Documentation 90
II
Abstract
These days people suffer environmental issues with respect to improper waste
disposal. It has been concluded that solid wastes are generated from institutional
wastes that accounts for more than 25 percent of total solid wastes (National Solid
Waste Management Collection, 2017). Also, as time passes by, the pollution due to
improper waste disposal keeps getting bigger. For this reason, the researcher proposed
a way on addressing the crisis which aimed to lessen the potential issues by making a
prototype solely for waste segregation in schools using Arduino as the main processor.
Quantitative research design was used to gather and analyzed the data. The overall
acceptability of the product was tested by conducting a survey, and the data gathered
shows that the device’s adaptability, cost-effectiveness, functionality, and originality
were highly acceptable with an average weighted mean of 3.8107, 3.719, 3.7700, and
3.8136 respectively. Moreover, the difference in the respondent’s perception in terms of
adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and originality occur between grade 10 students and
teachers and between all the students and teachers. However, when it comes to
functionality, the respondents had all the same perception. The prototype’s capability to
accurately detect a certain trash such as paper, plastic and metal was also tested, and it
takes 5 seconds to detect a trash. Lastly, in determining the level of fullness of the bin
with use of ultrasonic sensors and led lights the following colors were observed - blue
for low, blue and yellow for medium and blue, yellow and red for high.
III
Chapter 1
This chapter presents the statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of
the study, conceptual framework, as well as its scope and limitations and the definition
of terms in the study.
Statement of the Problem
This research study generally aimed to make an Arduino based garbage sorter for
waste segregation management in Quezon National High School.
Specifically, it sought to:
1. To determine the overall level of acceptability of the product in terms of its:
1.1 adaptability
1.2 cost-effectiveness
1.3 functionality
1.4 originality
2. To determine the difference in the perception of the respondents in terms of
2.1 adaptability
2.2 cost-effectiveness
2.3 functionality
2.4 originality
3. To document the time it takes for the sensor to identify the given waste.
4. To test the certainty of the sensors in reading the level of fullness of the garbage
sorter
1
Hypotheses
H01: There is no significant difference in the respondent’s perception in terms of the
overall acceptability of the product.

H02: There is a significant difference in the respondent’s perception in terms of the
overall acceptability of the product.
Significance of the Study
Improper waste disposal can prompt a progressively disastrous difficulty. Which
by time can mean one of the serious issues in our general public, cases like global
warming, including water and soil contamination that can cause loss of resources and if
this doesn't stop it can almost certainly prompt passing of an extensive number of
human lives. Negative effects of improper waste management not only ends in a
disgusting view but also affects the overall economy of a country. The government has
to spend a lot of money to counter the effects of improper waste management. With the
measure of waste produced every year steadily increasing it is becoming more and
more challenging for government to monitor and manage waste disposal throughout the
country. Thusly it is the responsibility of citizens to not only carry out safe, eco-friendly,
waste disposal practices but to encourage others around them to do the same. In spite
of the fact that the commonality of individuals are familiar with common methods of
waste management we still find ourselves living in a world loaded with waste.
This study would serve as a significant prototype for all associates under school
domains for them to be guided and to execute proper waste segregation. Implementing
this project will help individuals practice proper segregation regularly and by doing so
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will abide by the laws Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000. RA 9003 declares the policy of the state in adopting a
systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that
ensures the protection of public health and the environment which includes proper
segregation. The use of this prototype can generally lessen issues regarding solid
waste management as for; reduction of residual waste, improving public health which
correlates to how garbage are properly segregated to be free of contamination,
conservation of natural resources, because segregation of waste plays a big role in the
field of recycling, reduction of pollution and in general will improve environmental
aesthetic. Furthermore, diverting waste from landfill and incineration, which will limit the
effect of global warming. Proper Waste Segregation should be all-around practiced; the
project will serve as a commencement to enact such action and to also initiate other
future innovations to helping bigger parts of the environment. Many different sorts of
waste are made in schools and it's important that faculties recognize what are often
recycled and what cannot. Hence the prototype is assessed to be interactive, by
technology throwing trash the right way is made easy and engaging. Thus, this will have
a significant impact on the performance of the school community and will result to
greater height of success in solid waste management related aspects
Scope and Limitations
The study investigated the effectiveness of Arduino Mega 2560 as the main chip
of a garbage type sorter trash bin. The researcher conducted tests and proved that
Arduino boards are able to read inputs, able to sense matter, and turn it into an output
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by activating the motor. The limitations of this study was school garbage specifically
papers, plastics and metals. The Arduino Mega 2560 based garbage type sorter bin
was made in Lucena City, Quezon Province and underwent programming, constructing
and detailing of the parts of the bin. The product is only a prototype, limited to trash of
small sizes and only three types of trash namely papers, plastic and metals. The
detection of plastic is in transparent matter for the light to pass through and for the
sensor to easily detect the trash. Detection of trash was done one at a time within a
certain time interval. The researcher released survey a prior to all students of different
levels to test the adaptability, cost-effectiveness, functionality and originality of the trash
bin.
Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output

• Arduino • Programming • Arduino
Mega 2560 of Arduino based
• Three Trash Mega 2560 garbage
Bins • Constructing sorter.
• Plywood of the
• Electrical garbage
Components sorter
Figure 1 shows the input, process and output of the study.
This study needed Arduino mega2560 which is designed for more complex
projects that includes programming and has a large space capacity for the projects that
need large amount of input pins and output pins or if high processing power is required,
three trash bins for the division of three different trash mainly paper, plastics and
metals. The structure of the prototype is made out of plywood instead of metal due to
cost-cutting of the researcher to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the product as it is
4
made from veneers of wood glued together with grains that run in a perpendicular
direction so the properties are balanced about the central veneer. Having good
insulation properties akin to that of solid wood of comparable density and moisture
content, plywood can be used through different temperatures for as low as -200
degrees to 120 degrees celsius that fits and adapts to its environment. Lastly are the
the electric components which include LED lights, proximity sensors, wires, servo
motors, metal detectors and the like which are essential in completing the automated
trash bin powered by the Arduino.
This garbage sorter underwent the process of programming the Arduino
mega2560 and constructing the garbage sorter. The Mega 2560 can be powered via the
USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected
automatically. Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or
output, using pin Mode, digital Write, and digital Read functions. They operate at 5 volts.
Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA as recommended operating condition and has
an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 k ohm. A maximum of
40mA is the value that must not be exceeded to avoid permanent damage to the
microcontroller. The process includes familiarization of the said components and
sensors needed as well as the software requirements and the design of the outcome to
be implemented to the detection of garbage and data processing. Garbage level
detection is then done by ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04). The ultrasonic sensors were
placed on top of the dustbin facing the bottom. The sensors continuously emits the
sonic waves, whether sonic waves hit the object and reflect back, the echo in the
sensors senses the waves and calculates the distance of the object. Arduino Mega2560
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is used for controlling whole the process detecting garbage in different places and
depending on the program first display in LCD to reminding the garbage level in the bin
even though the garbage is not take out from the bin then the particular bin information
is sent to higher officials through GSM. After the process, this study is expected to have
an outcome which is the Arduino based garbage sorter.
Definition of Terms
Analog input is a hardware interfaces that accept non-digital signals. For,
decades all the plugs and sockets on traditional audio and video equipment connected
analog lines.
Arduino it is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and
microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense
and control both physically and digitally.
AREF means Analogue Reference. It allows us to feed the Arduino a reference
voltage from an external power supply.
ATmega2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 (datasheet).
It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog
inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection,
a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller.
Catastrophic is involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
6
Light-emitting Diode (LED) an electronic device that gives off light when it
receives an electrical current.
Microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit, or UC for μ-controller) is a
small computer on a single integrated circuit.
Segregation is a system that keeps different groups separate from each other,
either through physical dividers or using social pressures and laws.
7
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Related Studies
Today, one of the challenges of most cities and towns are confronting is the
decline in condition of cleanness of the environment regarding the garbage
management. This occurs due to the mismanagement of the garbage collection. This
mismanagement creates the spread of garbage in community which in turn creates
unhealthy condition in the immediate area. It also stimulates several serious diseases
amongst the people in close proximity and degrades the beauty of the area. To avoid
mismanagement of the garbage and to improve the cleanness of the society, Garbage
monitoring system is designed. In the proposed system, the level of the garbage is
detected with the help of ultrasonic sensor and sent to the authorized agency for
garbage collection through GSM system. PIR sensor is used to detect the motion of the
people coming to the garbage bin with trash while the bin is at full status and block
adding of any more garbage to the bin through informing them by speaker. The GSM
and the peripheral sensors used are interfaced through the Arduino microcontroller. A
GUI is also developed to monitor the desired information related to the garbage bins for
different selected locations. Depending on the received messages through the GSM at
control room it is displayed on LCD and the authorized person inform the drivers to
collect the garbage on time. This will capably help to monitor the garbage collection to
make the environment smart, clean and safe. (Abdurahman, F., Assefa, C., & Aweke,
S., 2018)
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The protection of society and environment from garbage accumulation and its
polluting effects is carried by waste management companies, the services provided by
these companies are improving life overall quality. By preserving raw materials, proper
collecting and elimination of trash have reduced pollution and environmental impact. On
the other hand, areas which are suffered from inappropriate negative service appreciate
the garbage collector’s valuable efforts. Appropriate garbage collection and
management facilities have made a recycling process improvement which caused a
reduction in waste generation. Also controlling the released contaminators and
pollutants has decreased the impact on landfills and protected the environment from the
pollution negative effects. Using mobile and electronic technology to enable waste
management companies to finish its work and make it easier for collecting trash in a
simple and an easy way. We introduce Trash Sensor Android Application to help waste
management companies detect trash levels to collect it and help citizens from undesired
odours. (Foudery, A., & Alkandari, A., & Almutairi, N., 2018)
In today’s world, the trash cans placed in the cities are jam-packed due to the
increase in the waste. A lot of stinking and sewage problems causes bad hygienic
conditions and leads to deadly diseases & human illness. To avoid these, we have
designed a “Smart Trash Can Monitoring System” where it can overcome this in an
innovative and efficient way. This idea can be implemented for Smart Buildings, Cities,
Colleges, Hospitals, Public spots and Bus stands. Each trash can contain a smart
device for level detection of the trash can which transmits the garbage/trash level with
its token ID, accessed by the concerned municipal/regional authorities through the
mobile app, so that they can take immediate actions to clean the trash can once it gets
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filled. The device consists of an Ultra Sonic Sensor, Arduino Uno, GPS and Wi-Fi
module. (Thota, S., Neelima, S., Pruthvi, L., Mounika, K., Pravallika, M., & Sowmya, N.,
2018).
Waste management is one of the primary problem that the world faces
irrespective of the case of developed or developing country. The key issue in the waste
management is that the garbage bin at public places gets overflowed well in advance
before the commencement of the next cleaning process. It in turn leads to various
hazards such as bad odor & ugliness to that place which may be the root cause for
spread of various diseases. To avoid all such hazardous scenario and maintain public
cleanliness and health this work is mounted on a smart garbage system. The main
theme of the work is to develop a smart intelligent garbage alert system for a proper
garbage management. This paper proposes a smart alert system for garbage clearance
by giving an alert signal to the municipal web server for instant cleaning of dustbin with
proper verification based on level of garbage filling. This process is aided by the
ultrasonic sensor which is interfaced with Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage
filled in the dustbin and sends the alert to the municipal web server once if garbage is
filled. After cleaning the dustbin, the driver confirms the task of emptying the garbage
with the aid of RFID Tag. RFID is a computing technology that is used for verification
process and in addition, it also enhances the smart garbage alert system by providing
automatic identification of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the status of clean-up
to the server affirming that the work is done. The whole process is upheld by an
embedded module integrated with RF ID and IOT Facilitation. The real time status of
how waste collection is being done could be monitored and followed up by the
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municipality authority with the aid of this system. In addition to this the necessary
remedial / alternate measures could be adapted. An Android application is developed
and linked to a web server to intimate the alerts from the microcontroller to the urban
office and to perform the remote monitoring of the cleaning process, done by the
workers, thereby reducing the manual process of monitoring and verification. The
notifications are sent to the Android application using Wi-Fi module. (Sathish Kumar,N.,
Vuayalakshmi,B., Jenifer Prarthana,R., & Shankar, A.,2016)
In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same
phase there is an increase in waste production. Waste management has been a crucial
issue to be considered. This paper is a way to achieve this good cause. In this paper,
smart bin is built on a microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board which is
interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the
top of the dustbin which will measure the stature of the dustbin. The threshold stature is
set as 10cm. Arduino will be programmed in such a way that when the dustbin is being
filled, the remaining height from the threshold height will be displayed. Once the
garbage reaches the threshold level ultrasonic sensor will trigger the GSM modem
which will continuously alert the required authority until the garbage in the dustbin is
squashed. Once the dustbin is squashed, people can reuse the dustbin. At regular
intervals dustbin will be squashed. Once these smart bins are implemented on a large
scale, by replacing our traditional bins present today, waste can be managed efficiently
as it avoids unnecessary lumping of wastes on roadside. Foul smell from these rotten
wastes that remain untreated for a long time, due to negligence of authorities and
carelessness of public may lead to long term problems. Breeding of insects and
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mosquitoes can create nuisance around promoting unclean environment. This may
even cause dreadful diseases. (Kumar, S., Arun Kumar, S., Naveen, S., & Kumar Ray,
K., 2017).
Today we see the garbage waste bins are overflowing and all garbage is split out
from dust bins, which results into unhygienic condition, illness and bad smell for all
people near that area. Hence, we are designing the system based on Arduino for
monitoring garbage from particular area to avoid pollution, unhygienic condition, bad
smell, etc. The dustbin is interfaced with microcontroller based system having ultrasonic
sensor and gas sensor monitoring the status of garbage. When garbage reaches the
level of sensor, then that indication will be given to the microcontroller unit and
microcontroller sends signal to the user through GSM. So continuous monitoring of
garbage bins will keep the environment clean. The app helps the public to get directly
connected to the authorities and to know about the current status of facilities in their
area. The main aim of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with
the enhancement of a smart city vision. (Vinitha S.,Vimalaa, P., Rajagiri, V.,
Senthilkumar, A., Raja, S., 2018)
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Chapter 3
Materials and Method
This chapter illustrates how the process in creating the device was conducted.
Along with that, the materials used in the design of the experimentation and statistical
analysis that was employed are also shown in this chapter.
Materials
Arduino MEGA2560 Ultrasonic Sensor Solenoid Lock
Wire IDR Sensor Power Supply
13
LED lights Plywood Angle Bar
Servo Motor Metal Detector Capacitive
Proximity Sensor
Solar Panel Solar Charge Controller
14
The first part of the flow, the materials gathered were: Arduino Mega2560, four
ultrasonic sensors, three solenoid locks, three servo motors, metal detector, capacitive
proximity sensor, LDR, ten LED lights, power supply, wires, three trash bins, an angle
bar, plywood for the framework, solar panel, solar charge controller, and computer for
the programming.
Construction of the AGASO
The construction procedure of the automated trash can was processed in
determining each circuit board design. It determined the settlement of components.
Design development in the preparation of the detailed design was secured in place. The
schematic diagram was used to describe the design of the project. The circuit functions
were designed without regard to the actual physical size, shape or location of the
components devices or parts by means of its graphic, symbols, the electrical
connections and functions of specific circuit management
15
Figure 2 demonstrates the schematic diagram of the Arduino Mega 2560 chip.
16
Figure 3 demonstrates the schematic diagram of the Ultrasonic Sensors inside the trash
bins
17
Figure 4 demonstrates the schematic diagram of the detectors outside the trash
bins.
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Programming of the Device
The automated trash bin was programmed using the Arduino’s integrated
development environment (IDE). The program was designed only to detect the
composition of the trash and monitoring its level of fullness using a dedicated version of
the C and C++ programming languages for Arduino’s platform programming.
Data Gathering Procedure
The overall acceptability of the device in terms of adaptability, cost-effectiveness,
functionality and originality was evaluated using a survey which was conducted on the
students and teachers of Quezon National High School, whereas they had used the
device. Furthermore, the testing of the functions of the device was performed by
recording the time it takes to detect the trash and checking the certainty of reading level
of fullness of the sensors.
Statistical Treatment
The data accumulated from the survey through the research instrument was
appropriately coded and encoded using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version
25 (SPSS version 25). The study employed descriptive statistics such as mean,
standard deviation, and rank. Oneway ANOVA and post hoc (Scheffe) tests were also
used in comparing the respondent’s perception.
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Formula:
∑ 𝒘𝒎
𝑨𝑾𝑴 =
𝒏
Where: AWM=Average Weighted Mean

∑ 𝑤𝑚= Summation of Weighted Mean
n= Number of Items
𝜮  𝐱 − 𝐱𝟐
𝑺𝑫 = √
𝒏
Where: SD=Standard Deviation

x = Individual data
x = Mean
n= Number of Items
𝒄 𝒏𝒋
𝑺𝑺𝒕 = ∑ ∑(𝑿𝒊𝒋 − 𝑿)𝟐

𝒋=𝟏 𝒊=𝟏
𝒏𝒋
∑𝒄𝒋=𝟏 ∑𝒊=𝟏 𝑿𝒊𝒋
Where: 𝑿= = Grand Mean
𝒏
𝑿𝒊𝒋 =ith value in the group j
𝒏𝒋 =number of values in group J
𝒏 = total number of values in all groups combined
𝒄 =number of groups
Research Instrument
This study was evaluated using a survey type questionnaire to identify the
acceptability of the project design. A four-point Likert scale was used in the research
instrument in which the highest is 4 and the lowest is 1.
Evaluation Criteria for the Acceptability of the Device
Numerical Equivalent Range Scale Description

4 3.25-4.00 Highly Acceptable
3 2.50-3.24 Acceptable
2 1.76-2.49 Unacceptable
1 1.0-1.75 Highly Unacceptable
Note: The highest grade is 4 that show the efficiency of the functionality of the device, and 1 is the lowest
if the device does not meet the expected functionality.
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This table explained how the device was evaluated and given its scale according
to its mean scores of its acceptability in terms of functionality, adaptability, cost
effectiveness of materials, and originality.
Validation of Instrument
The research instrument has been crafted using a focus group discussion of
professionals related to the field of study and had undergone reliability testing using
Cronbach Alpha with a result of 0.721 and a verbal interpretation of accepted. This
result implies that the internal consistency of the instrument was established. The study
has been piloted to 15 respondents outside the chosen sample population.
Sampling Procedure
The total population of this study is 2642 comprising of 1851 grade 10 students,
300 grade 11 students, 110 grade 12 students and 380 teachers. The sample size was
drawn using the G-Power analysis with 95% confidence and a 5% margin of error which
generated a sample size of 245 grade 10 students, 40 grade 11 students, 15 grade 12
students and 50 teachers of Quezon National High School.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this research were 245 grade 10 students, 40 grade 11
students, 15 grade 12 students and 50 teachers coming from Quezon National High
School. All in all, the respondents were 350 individuals.
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Chapter 4
Results and Discussion
This part presents an interpretation of the data gathered from the grade 10, 11,
12 students and teachers of Quezon National High School. It includes the results and
analysis of data from the survey and transcripts collected from the interview.
The following results and analysis were derived from the three hundred fifty
completed questionnaires.
Part 1: Overall Acceptability of the Device
Table 1
Level of Acceptability of the Device in Terms of Adaptability (n = 350)
Rank Variables / Statement Standard Weighted Verbal

Deviation Mean Interpretation
1 The user can control the .19823 3.9714 Highly
machine. Acceptable
2 It centres a proper program .36958 3.8457 Highly
application. Acceptable
3 It has an arrangement for .44823 3.7229 Highly
improvement and adjustment. Acceptable
4 The device can be easily .48205 3.7029 Highly
installed in certain places. Acceptable
General Weighted Mean 3.8107 (Highly
Acceptable)
Legend: Highly Acceptable - 3.25 - 4.0; Acceptable - 2.50 - 3.24; Unacceptable - 1.76 - 2.49;
Highly Unacceptable- 1.01 - 1.75
.
As can be seen from table 1, variable “The user can control the machine.” was
ranked first with a standard deviation of .19823 and a weighted mean of 3.9714
corresponding to a verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable”, while the variable that
ranked second is “It centres a proper program application.” with a standard deviation of
.36958 and a weighted mean of 38457. corresponding to a verbal interpretation of
22
“highly acceptable”. Overall, the level of acceptability of the device in terms of
adaptability has a verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable” with a weighted mean of
3.8107.
The result implies that the device can be controlled easily, and the Arduino used
in programming this device is appropriate. The said program was also a perfect fit with
the sensors for detecting things like trash and can be easily installed online. Moreover,
the program application can be found in a public domain and the sample codes can be
accessed, making it an easy-to-use program.
Likewise, with the study of Fetulhak Abdurahman (2018), where he used an
Arduino for garbage monitoring. The monitoring of garbage was successfully done due
to that his invention can be controlled easily with the use of android phone and with the
help of the powerful Arduino. Overall, the study successfully monitored garbage
automatically in their institution. In addition, there was a study made, a system alerts a
certain person by using an Arduino and android application IoT (Internet of Things)
about that condition of the trash bin, whether it is full, or it has hazardous chemicals in it.
Also, the condition can be monitored from time to time using the said android
application. All in all, their study had been successfully made and left a big mark on their
society not just in the environment, but also in the health of people. (Sathish Kumar,N.,
Vuayalakshmi,B., Jenifer Prarthana,R., & Shankar, A.,2016)
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Table 1.1
Level of Acceptability of the Device in Terms of Cost-effectiveness (n = 350)

1 It performs accurate with less .33642 3.9000 Highly
expense’s consumption Acceptable
2 The device materials and .49608 3.6657 Highly
components are affordable. Acceptable
3 It is economical in terms of system .51312 3.6657 Highly
hardware services. Acceptable
4 Can prevent future costing in terms .50234 3.6457 Highly
of manpower. Acceptable
General Weighted Mean 3.7193 (Highly
Acceptable)
.
. As can be seen from table 1.1, variable “It performs accurate with less expense’s
consumption.” was ranked first with a standard deviation of .33642 and a weighted
mean of 3.9000 corresponding to a verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable”, while the
variable that ranked second is “The device materials and components are affordable.”
with a standard deviation of .49608 and a weighted mean of 3.6657 corresponding to a
verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable”. Overall, the level of acceptability of the
device in terms of cost-effectiveness has a verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable”
with a weighted mean of 3.7193.
From this result, it can be deduced that the device needs are economically
affordable, and 0can prevent future costing such as manpower. For instance, the
garbage collector does not need to segregate the waste since it is already segregated
automatically by the trash bin. Moreover, it performs accurate functions such as
detection and monitoring and produces great results without costing a lot of money.
Also, the materials or components can easily be bought in shops.
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Similar with the project of Roroid (2015), where the researcher used Arduino in
making sms alarm system and costs only 15 USD. The device works when the alarm is
triggered and sends a text message to a certain mobile to arm or disarm the alarm
wirelessly. However, the researcher only used a few items which made the project
affordable. Thinking that the project only costs 15 USD, the Arduino can do really great
things without spending much.
Likewise, with the study of Stafford Michahial (2016), where he used the cheap
Arduino in making a fire fighting robot. The fire extinguisher robot is a DTMF tone-
controlled robot that has a small fire extinguisher unit added on to it. This mobile robot is
controlled using a mobile phone through DTMF tones for its movement and reaching the
fire, the flame sensor detects the fire and gives the further signal to the extinguisher
units to trigger the pump and spray the water. The whole system is programmed using
an Arduino UNO board (ATmega328P microcontroller) which forms the brain of the
system. His project costs him only 50 USD. Thinking that it only costs approximately
2500 in Philippine Peso, it is cheap to build a robot that detects and burns out fire.
Table 1.2
Level of Acceptability of the Device in Terms of Functionality (n = 350)

1 The device performs the task .41385 3.7914 Highly
requirements. Acceptable
2 It is a user-friendly device. .42544 3.7743 Highly
Acceptable
3 It has a provision to comfort and .43212 3.7743 Highly
convenience Acceptable
4 The device is easy to operate. .45212 3.7400 Highly
Acceptable
General Weighted Mean 3.7700 (Highly Acceptable)
.
.
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As can be seen from table 1.2, variable “The device performs the task
requirements.” was ranked first with a standard deviation of .41385 and a weighted
variable that ranked second is “It is a user-friendly device.” with a standard deviation of
.42544 and a weighted mean of 3.7743 corresponding to a verbal interpretation of
“highly acceptable”. Overall, the level of acceptability of the device in terms of cost-
effectiveness has a verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable” with a weighted mean of
3.7700.
Given the results, it is noted that the device performs the task it needs to do
which provide convenience not just financially but also reduce manpower. Moreover, the
device is a user-friendly that are easy to understand and has controls that are easy to
operate.
Just like the smart alert system that is designed for garbage clearance by giving
an alert signal to the municipal web server for instant cleaning of dustbin with proper
verification based on level of garbage filling. This process is aided by the ultrasonic
sensor which is interfaced with Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage filled in the
garbage bin and sends the alert to the municipal web server once if garbage is 90%
filled via IoT. Once the alert is received, Municipal Corporation takes initiative to clean
the same. After cleaning the garbage bin, municipal web server gets updated about the
garbage bin been cleaned. This system provides information regarding status of how
waste collection is being done and followed up by the municipality authority. (Rashinkar,
S., Ghatole, S., Kadapatti, S., Yadave, V., & Jambotkar, C., 2017).
26
Table 1.3
Level of Acceptability of the Device in Terms of Originality (n = 350)

1 It synthesizes information in a .14020 3.9800 Highly
new different way. Acceptable
2 It reinterprets an existing theory, .39841 3.8029 Highly
in different context. Acceptable
3 The device is different from the .41783 3.7857 Highly
existing one. Acceptable
4 It adds knowledge in a way that .46490 3.6857 Highly
has not previously been done Acceptable
before.
General Weighted Mean 3.8136 (Highly Acceptable)
Legend: Highly Acceptable - 3.25 - 4.0; Acceptable - 2.50 - 3.24; Unacceptable - 1.76 - 2.49; Highly Unacceptable- 1.01 - 1.75.
As can be seen from table 1.3, variable “It synthesizes information in a new
different way.” was ranked first with a standard deviation of .14020 and a weighted
variable that ranked second is “It reinterprets an existing theory, in different context .”
with a standard deviation of .39841 and a weighted mean of 3.8029 corresponding to a
verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable”. Overall, the level of acceptability of the
device in terms of cost-effectiveness has a verbal interpretation of “highly acceptable”
with a weighted mean of 3.8136.
The result implies that the device reinterprets an existing theory of Arduino in
different context and synthesizes information in a new different way. Moreover, the
device’s process is completely different from the related ones and different from the
existing ones. This device may have the same concept as other studies but this one has
different approach. It segregates trash automatically by not making people lazy and
encourages people to practice solid waste management. Thus, the device adds
knowledge in a way that has not previously been done before.
27
Most studies, like Fetulhak Abdurahman’s (2018), used Arduino in automated
garbage monitoring system. But in this study, the device is a garbage sorter whether it
is paper, metal or plastic specifically most garbage in school. It is purposely designed
for schools like Quezon National High School, the school of the researcher, where
produces a lot of waste in just a day since it has a big population. Thru this device, it
encouraged students to segregate and develop technologies at the same time.
Part 2: Difference in the Respondent’s Perception in Terms of the Overall
Acceptability of the Device
Table 2
One-way ANOVA of the Significant Difference of the Respondent’s Perception in Terms

of Adaptability.
F- Decision
Statements/ Standard F-
N Mean Tabulated (α = Conclusion
Variables Deviation Calculated
α = 0.05 0.05)
It centres a proper There is no
program 3.8457 .36958 1.260 2.65 Accept
350 significant
application. H0
difference between
It has an these respondents.
arrangement for There is no
improvement and 350 3.7229 .44823 .146 2.65 Accept
significant
adjustment. H0
difference between
The user can these respondents.
control the 350 3.9714 .19823 .469 2.65 There is no
machine. Accept
significant
H0
difference between
these respondents.
The device can be
There is a
easily installed in 350 3.7029 .48205 3.530 2.65
Reject significant
certain places.
H0 difference between
these respondents.
The said assessments were based from the respondents which are grade 10, 11
and 12 students and teachers of Quezon National High School. To compare the
28
perception of the respondents in terms of adaptability, One-way ANOVA was employed.
As can be seen from table 2, three out of four statements had no significant difference.
The variable, “The device can be easily installed in certain places.”, with a f-calculated
of 3.530 which is greater than the f-tabulated of 2.65 has a significant difference. Thus,
the hypothesis is rejected.
Table 2.1
Post-hoc Multiple Comparison Test on the Respondent’s Perception in Terms of

Adaptability
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: The device can be easily installed into places.
Scheffe
Mean p-value Decision
Respondents Conclusion
Difference (Sig.) (α = 0.05)
There is no significant difference
Grade 11 -.01531 .998 Accept H0
between these respondents.
Grade 10 Grade 12 .00136 1.000 Accept H0
There is a significant difference
Teachers .23469* .019 Reject H0
Grade 10 .01531 .998 Accept H0
Grade 11 Grade 12 .01667 1.000 Accept H0
Teachers .25000 .109 Accept H0
Grade 10 -.00136 1.000 Accept H0
Grade 12 Grade 11 -.01667 1.000 Accept H0
Teachers .23333 .431 Accept H0
Grade 10 -.23469* .019 Reject H0
Teachers Grade 11 -.25000 .109 Accept H0
Grade 12 -.23333 .431 Accept H0
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level
29
Since there is a significant difference in the variable, “The device can be easily
installed in certain places.”, Post-hoc were performed to determine where the difference
in the respondent’s perception occurred. As shown in table 2.1, grade 10 students had
higher means compared to the teachers and its p-value of .019 is less than alpha level
which is 0.05.
The difference in perception in the said variable occurred between grade 10
students and teachers. Though grade 10 students are already knowledgeable enough
with adaptability, teachers have deep understanding about it. Usually, students focus
more on the device’s functions while teachers consider every aspect of the device.
Moreover, teachers considered the size of the device since it is bigger than usual trash
bins. However, the acceptability of the device in terms of the overall adaptability is still
highly acceptable based from the respondents.
Likewise, with the study of Spence (2016), teachers normally have different
perceptions compared to students. Since they are more experienced and more
knowledgeable. Additionally, the generation of the teachers is different with the
generation of students. Teachers grew up with different environment and culture. Also,
the educational curriculum is different from back then. Recently, K-12 based curriculum
is being experienced by the students. Therefore, teachers don’t have the same
understanding as the student’s, making their perception different with each other.
30
Table 3

of Cost-effectiveness
F-
Decision
Statements/ Standard F- Tabulate
N Mean (α = Conclusion
Variables Deviation Calculated d
0.05)
α = 0.05
The device There is no
materials and Accept significant
components 350 3.6657 .49608 2.487 2.65 H0 difference
are between these
affordable. respondents.
There is a
Can prevent
significant
future costing Reject
350 3.6457 .50234 4.931 2.65 difference
in terms of H0
between these
manpower.
respondents.
It performs There is a
accurate with significant
Reject
less 350 3.9000 .33642 15.276 2.65 difference
H0
expense’s between these
consumption. respondents.
It is
There is no
economical
Accept significant
in terms of
350 3.6657 .51312 .911 2.65 H0 difference
system
between these
hardware
respondents.
services.
To compare the perception of the respondents in terms of cost-effectiveness,
One-way ANOVA was employed. As can be seen from table 3, two out of four
statements had no significant difference. The variables, “Can prevent future costing in
terms of manpower.” and “It performs accurate function with less expense’s
consumption” had a significant difference with a f-calculated of 4.931 and 15.276
respectively which are greater than the f-tabulated of 2.65. Thus, the hypotheses are
rejected and difference in perception occurred within those two variables.
31
Table 3.1
Post-hoc Multiple Comparison Test on the Respondent’s Perception in Terms of Cost-

effectiveness
Dependent Variable: Can prevent future costing in terms of manpower.
Scheffe
Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 11 .03980 .974 H0 between these respondents.
Grade Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 12 -.04354 .991
10 H0 between these respondents.
Grade 10 -.03980 .974 H0 between these respondents.
Grade 12 -.08333 .958
Teachers .25000 .130 H0 between these respondents.
Grade 10 .04354 .991 H0 between these respondents.
Grade 11 .08333 .958
Teachers .33333 .156 H0 between these respondents.
Grade 10 -.28980* .003 Reject H0
Teach Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 11 -.25000 .130
ers H0 between these respondents.
Grade 12 -.33333 .156 H0 between these respondents.
Since there is a significant difference in the variable, “Can prevent future costing
in terms of manpower.”, Post-hoc were performed to determine where the difference in
the respondent’s perception occurred. As shown in table 3.1, grade 10 students had
higher means compared to the teachers and its p-value of .003 is less than alpha level
which is 0.05.
Moreover, the significant difference can be seen in the answers between grade
10 and teachers. Though grade 10 students are already knowledgeable enough with
32
cost-effectiveness, teachers have deep understanding about it. Usually, students don’t
care about the cost while teachers consider it as an important factor in inventions.
Moreover, teachers are the one who work for a living, making the finance sector
different from the grade 10 students.
Table 3.2
Post-hoc Multiple Comparison Test on the Respondent’s Perception in Terms of Cost-

effectiveness.
Dependent Variable: It performs accurate with less expense’s consumption
Scheffe
Grade 11 -.00714 .999 Accept H0
Grade There is no significant difference
Grade 12 -.05714 .928 Accept H0
10 between these respondents.
Grade 12 -.05000 .965 Accept H0
There is a significant difference between
these respondents.
Grade 10 -.32286* .000 Reject H0
Teach There is a significant difference
Grade 11 -.33000* .000 Reject H0
ers between these respondents.
Grade 12 -.38000* .001 Reject H0
Since there is a significant difference in the variable, “It performs accurate with
less expense’s consumption.”, Post-hoc were performed to determine where the
difference in the respondent’s perception occurred. As shown in table 3.2, grade 10, 11,
33
and 12 students had higher means compared to the teachers and its p-value of .000,
.000, .001 respectively that are less than alpha level which is 0.05.
The result implied that the difference in perception in the said variable occurred
between grade 10 ,11, and 12 students and teachers. Since for most of the students,
the device’s functions are more important than the cost, they are satisfied with it. While
on the other hand, teachers considered that with a given cost it must be parallel with the
function it can do. However, given the circumstances, the device of this study is still
cost-effective with a verbal interpretation of highly acceptable.
Table 4
of Functionality.
F- Decision
Statements Standard F-
/Variables Deviation Calculated
α = 0.05 0.05)
There is no
The device is Accept significant
easy to 350 3.7400 .45212 1.608 2.65 H0 difference
operate. between these
respondents.
There is no
It has a
Accept significant
provision to
350 3.7743 .43212 .086 2.65 H0 difference
comfort and
between these
convenience.
respondents.
There is no
Accept significant
It is a user-
350 3.7743 .42544 .826 2.65 H0 difference
friendly device.
between these
respondents.
There is no
The device Accept significant
performs the task 350 3.7914 .41385 1.428 2.65 H0 difference
requirements. between these
respondents.
To compare the perception of the respondents in terms of functionality, One-way
ANOVA was employed. As can be seen from table 4, four out of four statements had no
34
significant difference. All the variables had less f-calculated compared to the f-tabulated.
Thus, the hypotheses are accepted and there is no difference in the respondent’s
perception.
Table 5
of Originality.
F- Decision
Statements/ Standard F-
Variables Deviation Calculated
α = 0.05 0.05)
There is a
The device
significant
is different
Reject difference
from the 350 3.7857 .41783 4.495 2.65
H0 between
existing
these
one.
respondents.
There is a
It
significant
synthesizes
Reject difference
information in 350 3.9800 .14020 3.763 2.65
H0 between
a new
these
different way.
respondents.
There is no
It adds
significant
knowledge in Accept
difference
a way that 350 3.6857 .46490 .288 2.65 H0
between
has not
these
previously
respondents.
It There is no
reinterprets significant
Accept
an existing difference
350 3.8029 .39841 .244 2.65 H0
theory, in between
different these
context respondents.
To compare the perception of the respondents in terms of originality, One-way
ANOVA was employed. As can be seen from table 5, two out of four statements had no
significant difference. The variables, “The device is different from the existing one.” and
“It synthesizes information in a new different way.” had a significant difference with a f-
35
calculated of 4.495 and 3.763 respectively which are greater than the f-tabulated of
2.65. Thus, the hypotheses are rejected and difference in perception occurred within
those two variables.
Table 5.1
Originality.
Dependent Variable: The device is different from the existing one.

Scheffe

.04133 .951 Accept There is no significant difference

Grade 11
H0 between these respondents.
Grade -.11701 .767 Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 12
.21633* .010 There is a significant difference
Teachers Reject H0
-.04133 .951 Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 10
Grade -.15833 .657 Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 12
Teachers
Grade 10
Grade .15833 .657 Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 11
Teachers
-.21633* .010 There is a significant difference
Grade 10 Reject H0
Teach -.17500 .262 Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 11
ers H0 between these respondents.
-.33333 .058 Accept There is no significant difference
Grade 12

Since there is a significant difference in the variable, “The device is different from
the existing one.”, Post-hoc were performed to determine where the difference in the
36
respondent’s perception occurred. As shown in table 5.1, grade 10 had higher means
compared to the teachers and its p-value of .010 that is less than alpha level which is
0.05
The result implied that the difference in perception in the said variable occurred
between grade 10 and teachers. Since some teachers have already been exposed with
this field, they have known some devices related to this study. In contrast, the students
are not yet experienced enough as the teachers in this field of study. Thus, this device
is new to the them.
Table 5.2.

Originality.
Dependent Variable: It synthesizes information in a new different way.
Scheffe
Grade 11 -.01224 .966 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
Grade
10
Teachers .06776* .020 Reject H0 There is a significant difference between these respondents.
Grade 10 .01224 .966 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
Grade
Grade 12 .00000 1.000 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
11
Teachers .08000 .062 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
Grade 10 .01224 .991 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
Grade
Grade 11 .00000 1.000 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
12
Teachers .08000 .280 Accept H0 There is no significant difference between these respondents.
Grade 10 -.06776* .020 Reject H0 There is a significant difference between these respondents.
Teach
ers
Since there is a significant difference in the variable, “It synthesizes information
in a new different way.”, Post-hoc were performed to determine where the difference in
the respondent’s perception occurred. As shown in table 5.2, grade 10 had higher
37
means compared to the teachers and its p-value of .020 that is less than alpha level
which is 0.05
The difference in perception in the said variable occurred between grade 10 and
teachers. Since some teachers have already been exposed with this field, this study’s
concept and ideas are not new to them. In contrast, the students are not yet
knowledgeable in this field of study, making this study’s information new to them.
Part 3: Time it Takes to Detect a Certain Trash
Table 6
Time it Takes to Detect a Plastic
Different Kinds of Plastic Time it takes to detect the Average Time

plastic(s) (s)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Polyethylene Terephthalate 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5
(PETE)
High-Density Polyethylene 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.5
(HDPE)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.8
Low-Density Polyethylene 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.4
(LDPE)
Polypropylene (PP) 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.7
Polystyrene or Styrofoam (PS) 4.5 4.9 4.3 4.6
Miscellaneous Plastics 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.4
General Average Time 4.6s
As can be seen from table 6, the researcher has tested different kinds of plastic
which are mostly used in schools. The variable “Miscellaneous Plastics” ranked first with
an average time of 4.4s and the variable “Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)” came last with an
average time of 4.8s to be detected by the device. Overall, it took 4.6s for a plastic to be
38
detected by the device. Analyzing the results, it just proves that the device functioned
just how it was programmed, since the programmed time is 5s for the device to detect a
trash.
Table 6.1
Time it Takes to Detect a Paper
Different Kinds of Time it takes to detect the papers(s) Average Time

Papers (s)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Photopaper 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7
Index Card 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.6
Oslo Paper 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7
Colored Paper 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.6
Art Paper 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.4
Manila Paper 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.7
Bristol Paper 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7
Bond Paper 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7
Text Paper 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4
Yellow Pad 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.7
Cartolina 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.6
Coated Paper 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8
As interpreted from table 6.1, the researcher had tested different kinds of papers
mostly used in schools. The variables “art paper” and “text paper” ranked first with the
average time of 4.4s to be detected by the device. Overall, it took 4.6s for a paper to be
detected by the device.
Likewise, the result implies that the time it takes to detect a paper is 4.6s which
means the function was performed by the device as it was programmed, since the
programmed time is 5s for the device to detect a trash.
39
Table 6.2
Time it Takes to Detect a Metal
Different Kinds Time it takes to detect the metal(s) Average Time

of Metal Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 (s)
Aluminium Foil 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8
Tin Can 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.9
Stainless Steel 4.7 5 5 4.9
As can be seen from table 6.2, the researcher had tested the device with three
kinds of metal which are mostly used in schools, aluminium foil, tin can and stainless
steel which took 4.8s, 4.9s and 4.9s respectively to be detected by the device. Overall, it
took 4.9s for a metal to be detected by the device. The result implies that the function
was performed by the device as it was programmed, since the programmed time is 5s
for the device to detect a trash.
Table 7
Color Displayed by the Device That Depends in the Distance of the Sensor from the
Garbage Inside the Device
Distance of the trash Color displayed by the trash bin

from the sensor (cm) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
10 Red, Yellow & Blue Red, Yellow & Blue Red, Yellow & Blue
20 Yellow & Blue Yellow & Blue Yellow & Blue
30 Yellow & Blue Yellow & Blue Yellow & Blue
40 Blue Blue Blue
50 Blue Blue Blue
As interpreted from table 7, there are certain color/s displayed by the trash bin
that depends on the distance of the sensor form the garbage inside it. When the
garbage has the distance of equal and greater than 40cm from the sensor, the trash bin
40
displays the color blue. While it displays blue and yellow, when the garbage has the
distance of greater than 10cm and less than 40cm from the sensor. Lastly, it displays
blue, yellow and red, when the garbage has the distance of equal and less than 10 cm
from the sensor.
The result implies that the certainty of the reading level of fullness of the trash bin
is accurate. The trash bin displays a blue colored light when the level of fullness is low,
it displays blue and yellow colored light when the level fullness is medium, and it
displays blue, yellow, and red colored light when the level of fullness is high.
Like the study of Fetulhak Abdurahman (2018), the researcher used ultrasonic
senosor as their sensor to monitor the level of fullness of the trash bin which contributed
a big help in solid waste management of their community.
41
Chapter 5
Conclusions and Recommendation
Conclusions
The following conclusions can be drawn from the findings of the study:
1. The overall acceptability of the product was furthermore subdivided into four topics
and anticipated results were assessed by surveys:
1.1. Adaptability: The points that were asked under the topic are classified
and/or has a verbal interpretation of highly acceptable with an overall weighted
mean of 3.727. This states that the prototype is capable of centering a
program application, it can easily be controlled, and the maintenance is easy
and tolerable and has room for adjustments and improvements. The following
results have been thoroughly agreed by the respondents.
1.2. Cost Effectiveness: Proven by the research instrument, the prototype
being classified as highly acceptable with a weighted mean of 3.696 is
economical in terms of hardware services, can prevent future costing in terms
of manpower, can perform accurate with less expense’s consumption, and
certainly can produce a great result without costing a lot of money. The
following results have been thoroughly agreed by the respondents.
1.3. Functionality: In terms of functionality it gained a weighted mean of 3.767
that has a verbal interpretation of highly acceptable. Further discussion, the
prototype being a user-friendly device concealed the highest grade with a
weighted mean of 3.815 while having the least is the device being easy to
42
operate with a weighted mean of 3.745 which then is still considered as highly
acceptable. The following results have been thoroughly agreed by the
respondents.
1.4. Originality: In terms of level of agreement the device being able to process
uniquely from other related ones ranked first with a weighted mean of 3.790,
while the least rated variable is the device being different from existing one
with a weighted mean of 3.705 which then are both still considered as highly
acceptable. The following results have been thoroughly discussed by the
respondents.
2. The difference in the respondent’s perception in terms of the overall acceptability of
the product was furthermore subdivided into four topics and anticipated results were
assessed by surveys:
1.1. Adaptability: There were three out of four statements had no significant
difference. The variable, “The device can be easily installed in certain places.”,
only had a significant difference with a f-calculated of 3.530 which is greater
than the f-tabulated of 2.65. Furthermore, the difference in perception occurred
between Grade 10 students and teachers.
1.2. Cost Effectiveness: two out of four statements had no significant difference.
The variables, “Can prevent future costing in terms of manpower.” and “It
performs accurate function with less expense’s consumption” had a significant
difference with a f-calculated of 4.931 and 15.276 respectively which are greater
than the f-tabulated of 2.65. Moreover, the difference in perception occurred
43
between Grade 10 students and Teachers and between all the students and
teachers respectively.
1.3. Functionality: There was no significant difference in the respondent’s
perception in all the statements regarding functionality.
1.4. Originality: In terms of originality, two out of four statements had no
significant difference. The variables, “The device is different from the existing
one.” and “It synthesizes information in a new different way” had a significant
difference with a f-calculated of 4.495 and 3.763 respectively which are greater
than the f-tabulated of 2.65. Furthermore, the difference in perception occurred
between Grade 10 students and teachers.
3. The prototype’s capability to accurately depict and detect a certain trash is subdivided
into three parts:
3.1. Time it takes to detect a plastic: From the tabulated results accumulating
an average time of 4.6s to detect a plastic implies that the device performed as
it was designed, since the programmed time is 5s for the prototype to detect a
trash.
3.2. Time it takes to detect a paper: From the tabulated results overall it took
4.6s for a metal to be detected by the device and clearly this implies that the
device functioned as it was programmed.
3.3. Time it takes to detect a metal: From the tabulated results accumulating
an average time of 4.9s to detect a metal implies that the device performed as
it was designed.
44
4. The colour to be displayed by the prototype depending on the distance of the
garbage from the sensor: The tabulated result implies that the certainty of the reading
level of fullness of the trash bin is accurate. As it did display colour blue if the level was
low, blue and yellow if the level was medium and red colored light when the level of
fullness was high.
Recommendations
The following recommendations were drawn from the findings of this study:
a. The variation of trash to be included in the study should be finely considered but
in thought of a certain place’s needs.
b. Researchers should consider having to widen the scope of the project, reaching
out to bigger communities other than school area.
c. Researchers should consider the use of Arduino in another innovative way that is
related to the prototype other than that of existing.
d. Improve the visual appearance of the prototype.
45
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47
Appendices
Raw Data
Adaptability
It has an
arrangement
It centres a for The device
proper improvement The user can can be easily
program and control the installed in
If a student or teacher application. adjustment. machine. certain places.
Grade 10 Mean 3.8571 3.7306 3.9673 3.7347
N 245 245 245 245
Std. Deviation .35064 .44455 .21934 .46056
Grade 11 Mean 3.8500 3.7250 4.0000 3.7500
N 40 40 40 40
Std. Deviation .36162 .45220 .00000 .49355
Grade 12 Mean 3.9333 3.6667 4.0000 3.7333
N 15 15 15 15
Std. Deviation .25820 .48795 .00000 .45774
Teachers Mean 3.7600 3.7000 3.9600 3.5000
N 50 50 50 50
Std. Deviation .47638 .46291 .19795 .54398
Total Mean 3.8457 3.7229 3.9714 3.7029
N 350 350 350 350
Std. Deviation .36958 .44823 .19823 .48205
Cost-effectiveness
It is
economical in
The device Can prevent It performs terms of
materials and future costing accurate with system
components in terms of less expense’s hardware
If a student or teacher are affordable. manpower. consumption services.
Grade 10 Mean 3.6694 3.6898 3.9429 3.6653
N 245 245 245 245
Std. Deviation .48848 .46352 .24959 .48988
Grade 11 Mean 3.7750 3.6500 3.9500 3.7500
N 40 40 40 40
Std. Deviation .42290 .48305 .22072 .43853
Grade 12 Mean 3.8000 3.7333 4.0000 3.7333
N 15 15 15 15
Std. Deviation .41404 .45774 .00000 .45774
Teachers Mean 3.5200 3.4000 3.6200 3.5800
N 50 50 50 50
Std. Deviation .57994 .63888 .60238 .67279
Total Mean 3.6657 3.6457 3.9000 3.6657
N 350 350 350 350
Std. Deviation .49608 .50234 .33642 .51312
48
Functionality
It has a The device
The device is provision to performs the
easy to comfort and It is a user- task
If a student or teacher operate. convenience. friendly device. requirements
Grade 10 Mean 3.7673 3.7714 3.7551 3.8122
N 245 245 245 245
Std. Deviation .43296 .42077 .44032 .39132
Grade 11 Mean 3.7500 3.8000 3.8500 3.8000
N 40 40 40 40
Std. Deviation .49355 .46410 .36162 .40510
Grade 12 Mean 3.6000 3.8000 3.8667 3.8000
N 15 15 15 15
Std. Deviation .50709 .41404 .35187 .41404
Teachers Mean 3.6400 3.7600 3.7800 3.6800
N 50 50 50 50
Std. Deviation .48487 .47638 .41845 .51270
Total Mean 3.7400 3.7743 3.7743 3.7914
N 350 350 350 350
Std. Deviation .45212 .43212 .42544 .41385
Originality
It adds
knowledge in a It reinterprets
The device is It synthesizes way that has an existing
different from information in not previously theory, in
the existing a new different been done different
If a student or teacher one. way. before. context.
Grade 10 Mean 3.8163 3.9878 3.6939 3.8000
N 245 245 245 245
Std. Deviation .38801 .11020 .46182 .40082
Grade 11 Mean 3.7750 4.0000 3.6500 3.8500
N 40 40 40 40
Std. Deviation .47972 .00000 .48305 .36162
Grade 12 Mean 3.9333 4.0000 3.6000 3.8000
N 15 15 15 15
Std. Deviation .25820 .00000 .50709 .41404
Teachers Mean 3.6000 3.9200 3.7000 3.7800
N 50 50 50 50
Std. Deviation .49487 .27405 .46291 .41845
Total Mean 3.7857 3.9800 3.6857 3.8029
N 350 350 350 350
Std. Deviation .41783 .14020 .46490 .39841
49
ANOVA of Adaptability
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
It centres a Between Groups .515 3 .172 1.260 .288
proper Within Groups 47.153 346 .136
program Total 47.669 349
application.
It has an Between Groups .088 3 .029 .146 .932
arrangement Within Groups 70.029 346 .202
for Total 70.117 349
improvement
and
adjustment.
The user Between Groups .056 3 .019 .469 .704
can control Within Groups 13.659 346 .039
the machine. Total 13.714 349
The device Between Groups 2.409 3 .803 3.530 .015
can be Within Groups 78.688 346 .227
easily Total 81.097 349
installed in
certain
places.
Post Hoc of Adaptability

Scheffe
(J) If a Mean 95% Confidence Interval
Dependent (I) If a student student or Differenc
Variable or teacher teacher e (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
It centres aGrade 10 Grade 11 .00714 .06295 1.000 -.1697 .1840
proper Grade 12 -.07619 .09819 .896 -.3520 .1997
program Teachers .09714 .05729 .412 -.0638 .2581
application.Grade 11 Grade 10 -.00714 .06295 1.000 -.1840 .1697
Grade 12 -.08333 .11177 .906 -.3973 .2307
Teachers .09000 .07831 .724 -.1300 .3100
Grade 12 Grade 10 .07619 .09819 .896 -.1997 .3520
Grade 11 .08333 .11177 .906 -.2307 .3973
Teachers .17333 .10868 .468 -.1320 .4786
Teachers Grade 10 -.09714 .05729 .412 -.2581 .0638
Grade 11 -.09000 .07831 .724 -.3100 .1300
Grade 12 -.17333 .10868 .468 -.4786 .1320
It has an Grade 10 Grade 11 .00561 .07672 1.000 -.2099 .2211
arrangemen Grade 12 .06395 .11966 .963 -.2722 .4001
t for Teachers .03061 .06981 .979 -.1655 .2267
improveme Grade 11 Grade 10 -.00561 .07672 1.000 -.2211 .2099
nt and Grade 12 .05833 .13621 .980 -.3243 .4410
adjustment.
Teachers .02500 .09543 .995 -.2431 .2931
Grade 12 Grade 10 -.06395 .11966 .963 -.4001 .2722
Grade 11 -.05833 .13621 .980 -.4410 .3243
Teachers -.03333 .13244 .996 -.4054 .3387
Teachers Grade 10 -.03061 .06981 .979 -.2267 .1655
Grade 11 -.02500 .09543 .995 -.2931 .2431
Grade 12 .03333 .13244 .996 -.3387 .4054
The user Grade 10 Grade 11 -.03265 .03388 .818 -.1278 .0625
can control Grade 12 -.03265 .05285 .944 -.1811 .1158
the Teachers .00735 .03083 .996 -.0793 .0940
machine. Grade 11 Grade 10 .03265 .03388 .818 -.0625 .1278
Grade 12 .00000 .06016 1.000 -.1690 .1690
50
Teachers .04000 .04215 .825 -.0784 .1584
Grade 12 Grade 10 .03265 .05285 .944 -.1158 .1811
Grade 11 .00000 .06016 1.000 -.1690 .1690
Teachers .04000 .05849 .926 -.1243 .2043
Teachers Grade 10 -.00735 .03083 .996 -.0940 .0793
Grade 11 -.04000 .04215 .825 -.1584 .0784
Grade 12 -.04000 .05849 .926 -.2043 .1243
The device Grade 10 Grade 11 -.01531 .08133 .998 -.2438 .2132
can be Grade 12 .00136 .12685 1.000 -.3550 .3577
easily Teachers .23469* .07400 .019 .0268 .4426
installed in Grade 11 Grade 10 .01531 .08133 .998 -.2132 .2438
certain Grade 12 .01667 .14439 1.000 -.3890 .4223
places.
Teachers .25000 .10116 .109 -.0342 .5342
Grade 12 Grade 10 -.00136 .12685 1.000 -.3577 .3550
Grade 11 -.01667 .14439 1.000 -.4223 .3890
Teachers .23333 .14039 .431 -.1611 .6277
Teachers Grade 10 -.23469* .07400 .019 -.4426 -.0268
Grade 11 -.25000 .10116 .109 -.5342 .0342
Grade 12 -.23333 .14039 .431 -.6277 .1611
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
ANOVA of Cost-effectiveness
Sum of
The device Between Groups 1.813 3 .604 2.487 .060
materials Within Groups 84.075 346 .243
and Total 85.889 349
components
are
affordable.
Can prevent Between Groups 3.611 3 1.204 4.931 .002
future Within Groups 84.458 346 .244
costing in Total 88.069 349
terms of
manpower.
It performs Between Groups 4.620 3 1.540 15.276 .000
accurate Within Groups 34.880 346 .101
with less Total 39.500 349
expense’s
consumption
It is Between Groups .720 3 .240 .911 .436
economical Within Groups 91.168 346 .263
in terms of Total 91.889 349
system
hardware
services.
Post Hoc of Cost-effectiveness

Scheffe
(I) If a Mean 95% Confidence Interval
Dependent student or (J) If a student Difference Std.
Variable teacher or teacher (I-J) Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
The device Grade 10 Grade 11 -.10561 .08406 .665 -.3418 .1305
materials Grade 12 -.13061 .13112 .803 -.4990 .2377
and Teachers .14939 .07650 .284 -.0655 .3643
components Grade 11 Grade 10 .10561 .08406 .665 -.1305 .3418
are Grade 12 -.02500 .14925 .999 -.4443 .3943
51
affordable. Teachers .25500 .10457 .116 -.0388 .5488
Grade 12 Grade 10 .13061 .13112 .803 -.2377 .4990
Grade 11 .02500 .14925 .999 -.3943 .4443
Teachers .28000 .14512 .295 -.1277 .6877
Teachers Grade 10 -.14939 .07650 .284 -.3643 .0655
Grade 11 -.25500 .10457 .116 -.5488 .0388
Grade 12 -.28000 .14512 .295 -.6877 .1277
Can prevent Grade 10 Grade 11 .03980 .08425 .974 -.1969 .2765
future Grade 12 -.04354 .13141 .991 -.4127 .3256
costing in Teachers .28980* .07667 .003 .0744 .5052
terms of Grade 11 Grade 10 -.03980 .08425 .974 -.2765 .1969
manpower. Grade 12 -.08333 .14958 .958 -.5036 .3369
Teachers .25000 .10481 .130 -.0444 .5444
Grade 12 Grade 10 .04354 .13141 .991 -.3256 .4127
Grade 11 .08333 .14958 .958 -.3369 .5036
Teachers .33333 .14545 .156 -.0753 .7419
Teachers Grade 10 -.28980* .07667 .003 -.5052 -.0744
Grade 11 -.25000 .10481 .130 -.5444 .0444
Grade 12 -.33333 .14545 .156 -.7419 .0753
It performs Grade 10 Grade 11 -.00714 .05415 .999 -.1593 .1450
accurate Grade 12 -.05714 .08445 .928 -.2944 .1801
with less Teachers .32286* .04927 .000 .1844 .4613
expense’s Grade 11 Grade 10 .00714 .05415 .999 -.1450 .1593
consumptio Grade 12 -.05000 .09613 .965 -.3201 .2201
n
Teachers .33000* .06735 .000 .1408 .5192
Grade 12 Grade 10 .05714 .08445 .928 -.1801 .2944
Grade 11 .05000 .09613 .965 -.2201 .3201
Teachers .38000* .09347 .001 .1174 .6426
Teachers Grade 10 -.32286* .04927 .000 -.4613 -.1844
Grade 11 -.33000* .06735 .000 -.5192 -.1408
Grade 12 -.38000* .09347 .001 -.6426 -.1174
It is Grade 10 Grade 11 -.08469 .08754 .817 -.3306 .1612
economical Grade 12 -.06803 .13653 .969 -.4516 .3155
in terms of Teachers .08531 .07966 .766 -.1385 .3091
system Grade 11 Grade 10 .08469 .08754 .817 -.1612 .3306
hardware Grade 12 .01667 .15541 1.000 -.4199 .4533
services.
Teachers .17000 .10889 .488 -.1359 .4759
Grade 12 Grade 10 .06803 .13653 .969 -.3155 .4516
Grade 11 -.01667 .15541 1.000 -.4533 .4199
Teachers .15333 .15112 .794 -.2712 .5779
Teachers Grade 10 -.08531 .07966 .766 -.3091 .1385
Grade 11 -.17000 .10889 .488 -.4759 .1359
Grade 12 -.15333 .15112 .794 -.5779 .2712
ANOVA of Functionality
Sum of
The device Between Groups .981 3 .327 1.608 .187
is easy to Within Groups 70.359 346 .203
operate. Total 71.340 349
It has a Between Groups .049 3 .016 .086 .968
provision Within Groups 65.120 346 .188
52
to comfort Total 65.169 349
and
convenienc
e.
It is a user- Between Groups .449 3 .150 .826 .480
friendly Within Groups 62.719 346 .181
device. Total 63.169 349
The device Between Groups .731 3 .244 1.428 .234
performs Within Groups 59.043 346 .171
the task Total 59.774 349
requiremen
ts
Post-hoc of Functionality
Scheffe
(I) If a (J) If a Mean 95% Confidence Interval
Dependent student or student or Differenc Std.
Variable teacher teacher e (I-J) Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
The device Grade 10 Grade 11 .01735 .07690 .997 -.1987 .2334
is easy to Grade 12 .16735 .11994 .584 -.1696 .5043

operate. Teachers .12735 .06998 .348 -.0692 .3239
Grade 11 Grade 10 -.01735 .07690 .997 -.2334 .1987
Grade 12 .15000 .13653 .751 -.2336 .5336
Teachers .11000 .09566 .724 -.1587 .3787
Grade 12 Grade 10 -.16735 .11994 .584 -.5043 .1696
Grade 11 -.15000 .13653 .751 -.5336 .2336
Teachers -.04000 .13275 .993 -.4129 .3329
Teachers Grade 10 -.12735 .06998 .348 -.3239 .0692
Grade 11 -.11000 .09566 .724 -.3787 .1587
Grade 12 .04000 .13275 .993 -.3329 .4129
It has a Grade 10 Grade 11 -.02857 .07398 .985 -.2364 .1793
provision to Grade 12 -.02857 .11539 .996 -.3527 .2956

comfort and Teachers .01143 .06732 .999 -.1777 .2006
convenienc Grade 11 Grade 10 .02857 .07398 .985 -.1793 .2364
e. Grade 12 .00000 .13135 1.000 -.3690 .3690
Teachers .04000 .09203 .979 -.2185 .2985
Grade 12 Grade 10 .02857 .11539 .996 -.2956 .3527
Grade 11 .00000 .13135 1.000 -.3690 .3690
Teachers .04000 .12772 .992 -.3188 .3988
Teachers Grade 10 -.01143 .06732 .999 -.2006 .1777
Grade 11 -.04000 .09203 .979 -.2985 .2185
53
Grade 12 -.04000 .12772 .992 -.3988 .3188
It is a user- Grade 10 Grade 11 -.09490 .07261 .635 -.2989 .1091
friendly Grade 12 -.11156 .11325 .808 -.4297 .2066

device. Teachers -.02490 .06607 .986 -.2105 .1607
Grade 11 Grade 10 .09490 .07261 .635 -.1091 .2989
Grade 12 -.01667 .12890 .999 -.3788 .3455
Teachers .07000 .09032 .896 -.1837 .3237
Grade 12 Grade 10 .11156 .11325 .808 -.2066 .4297
Grade 11 .01667 .12890 .999 -.3455 .3788
Teachers .08667 .12534 .924 -.2655 .4388
Teachers Grade 10 .02490 .06607 .986 -.1607 .2105
Grade 11 -.07000 .09032 .896 -.3237 .1837
Grade 12 -.08667 .12534 .924 -.4388 .2655
The device Grade 10 Grade 11 .01224 .07045 .999 -.1857 .2101

performs Grade 12 .01224 .10988 1.000 -.2964 .3209
the task Teachers .13224 .06410 .237 -.0478 .3123
requirement Grade 11 Grade 10 -.01224 .07045 .999 -.2101 .1857
s Grade 12 .00000 .12507 1.000 -.3514 .3514
Teachers .12000 .08763 .599 -.1262 .3662
Grade 12 Grade 10 -.01224 .10988 1.000 -.3209 .2964
Grade 11 .00000 .12507 1.000 -.3514 .3514
Teachers .12000 .12161 .808 -.2216 .4616
Teachers Grade 10 -.13224 .06410 .237 -.3123 .0478
Grade 11 -.12000 .08763 .599 -.3662 .1262
Grade 12 -.12000 .12161 .808 -.4616 .2216
ANOVA of Originality
Sum of
The device is Between Groups 2.286 3 .762 4.495 .004
different from Within Groups 58.643 346 .169
the existing Total 60.929 349
one.
It synthesizes Between Groups .217 3 .072 3.763 .011
information in Within Groups 6.643 346 .019
a new Total 6.860 349
different way.
54
It adds Between Groups .188 3 .063 .288 .834
knowledge in Within Groups 75.241 346 .217
a way that has Total 75.429 349
not previously
been done
before.
It reinterprets Between Groups .117 3 .039 .244 .865
an existing Within Groups 55.280 346 .160
theory, in Total 55.397 349
different
context.
Post-hoc of Originality
Scheffe
Mean 95% Confidence Interval
Dependent (I) If a student (J) If a student Difference Std.
Variable or teacher or teacher (I-J) Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
The device is Grade 10 Grade 11 .04133 .07021 .951 -.1559 .2386
different from the Grade 12 -.11701 .10950 .767 -.4246 .1906

existing one. Teachers .21633* .06389 .010 .0368 .3958
Grade 11 Grade 10 -.04133 .07021 .951 -.2386 .1559
Grade 12 -.15833 .12465 .657 -.5085 .1918
Teachers .17500 .08733 .262 -.0703 .4203
Grade 12 Grade 10 .11701 .10950 .767 -.1906 .4246
Grade 11 .15833 .12465 .657 -.1918 .5085
Teachers .33333 .12120 .058 -.0071 .6738

*
Teachers Grade 10 -.21633 .06389 .010 -.3958 -.0368
Grade 11 -.17500 .08733 .262 -.4203 .0703
Grade 12 -.33333 .12120 .058 -.6738 .0071
It synthesizes Grade 10 Grade 11 -.01224 .02363 .966 -.0786 .0541
information in a Grade 12 -.01224 .03686 .991 -.1158 .0913

new different way. Teachers .06776* .02150 .020 .0073 .1282
Grade 11 Grade 10 .01224 .02363 .966 -.0541 .0786
Grade 12 .00000 .04195 1.000 -.1179 .1179
Teachers .08000 .02939 .062 -.0026 .1626
Grade 12 Grade 10 .01224 .03686 .991 -.0913 .1158
Grade 11 .00000 .04195 1.000 -.1179 .1179
Teachers .08000 .04079 .280 -.0346 .1946
55
Teachers Grade 10 -.06776* .02150 .020 -.1282 -.0073
Grade 11 -.08000 .02939 .062 -.1626 .0026
Grade 12 -.08000 .04079 .280 -.1946 .0346
It adds knowledge Grade 10 Grade 11 .04388 .07952 .959 -.1795 .2673
in a way that has Grade 12 .09388 .12404 .903 -.2546 .4423

not previously Teachers -.00612 .07237 1.000 -.2094 .1972
been done Grade 11 Grade 10 -.04388 .07952 .959 -.2673 .1795
before. Grade 12 .05000 .14119 .989 -.3466 .4466
Teachers -.05000 .09892 .968 -.3279 .2279
Grade 12 Grade 10 -.09388 .12404 .903 -.4423 .2546
Grade 11 -.05000 .14119 .989 -.4466 .3466
Teachers -.10000 .13728 .912 -.4857 .2857
Teachers Grade 10 .00612 .07237 1.000 -.1972 .2094
Grade 11 .05000 .09892 .968 -.2279 .3279
Grade 12 .10000 .13728 .912 -.2857 .4857
It reinterprets an Grade 10 Grade 11 -.05000 .06816 .910 -.2415 .1415
existing theory, in Grade 12 .00000 .10632 1.000 -.2987 .2987

different context. Teachers .02000 .06203 .991 -.1543 .1943
Grade 11 Grade 10 .05000 .06816 .910 -.1415 .2415
Grade 12 .05000 .12102 .982 -.2900 .3900
Teachers .07000 .08479 .877 -.1682 .3082
Grade 12 Grade 10 .00000 .10632 1.000 -.2987 .2987
Grade 11 -.05000 .12102 .982 -.3900 .2900
Teachers .02000 .11767 .999 -.3106 .3506
Teachers Grade 10 -.02000 .06203 .991 -.1943 .1543
Grade 11 -.07000 .08479 .877 -.3082 .1682
Grade 12 -.02000 .11767 .999 -.3506 .3106
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha Based on
Cronbach's Standardized
Alpha Items N of Items
.721 .713 16
56
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if Item Scale Variance if Corrected Item- Squared Multiple Cronbach's Alpha
Deleted Item Deleted Total Correlation Correlation if Item Deleted
It centres a 53.3333 16.810 .083 . .733
proper program
application.
It has an 53.2667 14.210 .655 . .669
arrangement for
improvement and
adjustment.
The user can 53.2667 16.638 .123 . .728
control the
machine.
The device can 53.2667 17.495 -.023 . .736
be easily installed
in certain places.
The device 53.4000 14.829 .487 . .688
materials and
components are
affordable.
Can prevent 53.5333 16.124 .309 . .709
future costing in
terms of
manpower.
It performs 53.2000 16.314 .301 . .710
accurate with less
expense’s
consumption
It is economical in 53.4000 13.686 .748 . .656
terms of system
hardware
services.
The device is 53.5333 15.838 .214 . .722
easy to operate.
It has a provision 53.4000 16.257 .268 . .712
to comfort and
convenience.
It is a user- 53.4667 14.981 .454 . .692
friendly device.
The device 53.3333 15.095 .436 . .694
performs the task
requirements
The device is 53.2667 18.210 -.194 . .749
different from the
existing one.
It synthesizes 53.2667 15.352 .394 . .699
information in a
new different way.
It adds knowledge 53.6000 15.971 .198 . .723
in a way that has
not previously
been done
before.
It reinterprets an 53.4667 14.838 .637 . .678
existing theory, in
different context.
57
Communication Letters
1819 August 2019

FELIZA B. QUEVADA, Ed D.
Principal IV
Peaceful salutations!
I would like to ask permission from your good office to use school facilities, specifically
Room SB2 this coming Semester Break for our Scientific Investigatory Projectallow me
to conduct a survey on the students and faculty members of Quezon National High
School, specifically Grade 10, 11, and 12 students and teachers regarding my study
“AGA SO: Arduino based Garbage type Sorter for Solid Waste Management in Quezon
National High School”.
Rest assured that precautions will be taken, and any harm is hismy personal
responsibility and will not be taken against the school. Anything that the student will
cause in this setting with your blessing will be taken care of with utmost diligence. The
student involved will have a Parent’s Permit so that their task is consented by their
guardian.
I believe that this will strengthen my project in order to realize its full potential and be at
its best form when the competition comes. Thank you for your endless support and
understanding.
Respectfully yours,
Harvy Angelo D. Tan
Xchyrha A. Amo
Grade 10 STE Student
Noted:
Carla Marie Baldovino

Research Teacher
Approved:
Feliza B. Quevada, Ed. D.

Principal IV
58
Hon. Roderick A. Alcala
Lucena City Government Complex
Kanlurang Mayao, Lucena City
Quezon, 4301
08 November 2019
Greetings of peace, Mayor Alcala!
I am humbly writing this letter to ask your good office for your valuable donation towards my academic
endeavor for the Regional Science and Technology Fair on November 11 to 15, 2019 at the province of
Batangas. It is a competition that is driven towards the collective development of young, creative and
innovative minds like the students in your city and my own.
The research study that I made involving an Arduino-based solution for sorting solid waste material is in
my opinion, a vital step towards a greener society that I wish we could incorporate within cities across
the country. My institution, Quezon National High School, will be proudly representing the city to
compete against other provinces within the region.
Therefore, I would like to ask for your assistance financially in order to accomplish one of my life’s best
work. Alongside this, I would also like to bring honor to my school and the city, and this would not be as
easily attainable without your generous support. I hope this appeal will find a place in your heart.
Sincerely,
Xchyrha A. Amo
Noted by
Carla Marie V. Baldovino

Research Adviser
Ariel R. Viñas
Secondary Head Teacher VI
59
Hon. Roderick A. Alcala
Lucena City Government Complex
Kanlurang Mayao, Lucena City
Quezon, 4301
08 November 2019
Greetings of peace !
I am humbly writing this letter to ask your good office for your valuable donation towards my academic
endeavor for the Regional Science and Technology Fair on November 11 to 15, 2019 at the province of
Batangas. It is a competition that is driven towards the collective development of young, creative and
innovative minds like the students in your city and my own.
The research study that I made involving an Arduino-based solution for sorting solid waste material is in
my opinion, a vital step towards a greener society that I wish we could incorporate within cities across
the country. My institution, Quezon National High School, will be proudly representing the city to
compete against other provinces within the region.
Therefore, I would like to ask for your assistance financially in order to accomplish one of my life’s best
work. Alongside this, I would also like to bring honor to my school and the city, and this would not be as
easily attainable without your generous support. I hope this appeal will find a place in your heart.
Sincerely,
Xchyrha A. Amo
Noted by:
Carla Marie V. Baldovino

Research Adviser
Ariel R. Viñas
Secondary Head Teacher VI
60
Code of the device
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd (0x27, 20, 4);
#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo1, myservo2, myservo3; // create servo object to control a servo
int potpin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer
int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
#define lock1 2
#define lock2 3
#define lock3 4
#define buzzer 45
#define led1_low 48
#define led1_mid 50
#define led1_high 52
#define led2_low 42
#define led2_mid 44
#define led3_low 36
61
#define led3_mid 38
#define trigPin1 23
#define echoPin1 25
#define trigPin2 27
#define echoPin2 29
#define trigPin3 31
#define echoPin3 33
#define trigPin4 35
#define echoPin4 37
long duration1, duration2, duration3, duration4;
int distance1, distance2, distance3, distance4;
int stat1, stat2, stat3, stat4, stat5;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
62
myservo1.attach(5); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
myservo1.write(10);
myservo2.write(10);
myservo3.write(0);
delay(1500);
myservo3.write(10);
lcd.begin();
lcd.print("Trash Segregator");
pinMode(lock1, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(lock1, LOW);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led1_low, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led1_mid, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led1_high, OUTPUT);
63
stat1 = 0;
stat2 = 0;
stat3 = 0;
stat4 = 0;
stat5 = 0;
beep();
delay(1000);
leds();
//open1();
//delay(1000);
//open2();
//delay(1000);
//open3();
void loop() {
64
}
void readUS1() {
// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);
// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);
// Calculating the distance
distance1 = duration1 * 0.034 / 2;
// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance1: ");
Serial.println(distance1);
void readUS2() {
65
void readUS3() {
66
void readUS4() {
67
Research Instrument
REQUEST
I, Xchyrha A. Amo, from Quezon National High School, under the Science Technology
and Engineering (STE) program, conducting a project entitled “AGASO: Arduino based Garbage
Type Sorter for Solid Waste Management in Quezon National High School.
This survey aims to gather a comprehensive evaluation of the said study’s device from
respondents in relation to the field of study.
Rest assured that the data that will be acquired from you are kept for research purposes
only. I thank you for your participation for they will contribute very much to my research.
CONSENT FORM
I,_________________________________, confirm that I have understood the
information about the project and that I have had the opportunity to ask questions and the
researcher has answered any question about the study to my satisfaction.
I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw from the
project at any time, without having to give a reason and without any consequences.
_________________________
Printed Name and Signature
QUESTIONNAIRE
“AGASO: Arduino based Garbage Sorter for Solid Waste Management in Quezon
National High School”
Name:
If a student:
o Grade 10
o Grade 11
o Grade 12
If a teacher:
o SST III
o SST II
o SST I
o Master Teacher II
o Master Teacher I
INSTRUCTION: Please evaluate the device using the given scale and placing a checkmark (/)
under the corresponding numerical rating.
68
4 – Highly Acceptable (HA)
3 – Acceptable (A)
2 – Unacceptable (U)
1 – Highly Unacceptable (HU)
System Requirements Specification System Features (HA) (A) (U) (AU)
4 3 2 1
It centres a proper program application.

It has an arrangement for improvement and
ADAPTABILITY
adjustment.
The user can control the machine.
The device can be easily installed in certain places.
The device materials and components are affordable.
COST – EFFECTIVENESS Can prevent future costing in terms of manpower.
It performs accurate with less expense’s consumption
It is economical in terms of system hardware services.
The device is easy to operate.
FUNCTIONALITY It has a provision to comfort and convenience.
It is a user-friendly device.
The device performs the task requirements
The device is different from the existing one.
ORIGINALITY It synthesizes information in a new different way.
It adds knowledge in a way that has not previously
been done before.
It reinterprets an existing theory, in different context.
69
CURRICULUM VITAE
XCHYRHA A. AMO
Student
xchyrhaamo15@gmail.com
09338539592
PERSONAL PARTICULARS
Age : 15
Gender : Female
Birthdate : December 15, 2003
Address : Blk. 34 Lot 18 Franc St. Leveriza Heights Subdivision,
Tayabas City, Quezon Province
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
2008-2009 : Barangay VI Day Care Center
Kindergarten
2009-2010 : Sacred Heart College, Lucena City
Senior Kinder
2010-2016 : Lucena West I Elementary School
Grade 1-6
2016- 2020 : Quezon National High School
Junior High School - Science Technology and Engineering Program
AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS
2015-2016 : Achiever Awardee - Elementary Graduation
70
: Girl Scout of the Year - Elementary Graduation
: Most Responsible Student - Elementary Graduation
2016- 2017 : 3rd Place Mathematical Investigation – School Level

: With Honors with an average of 93
: Conduct Awardee
2017- 2018 : 3rd Place Pagsulat ng Dagli (Filipino Month) – Curricular Level
: 3rd Place Science Quiz Bee –School Level
: 3rd Place (Individual) Environmental Science Quiz Bee in
ASEP Regional Science Quest
: 1st Place (Group) Environmental Science Quiz Bee in
: ASEP
ASEP Regional Science Quest
National Science Quest Qualifier
: With High Honors with an average of 96
: Conduct Awardee
2018- 2019 : 1st Place Pagsulat ng Dagli (Filipino Month)- School Level
: 1st Place Speech Choir – Curricular Level
: 1st Place Science Quiz Bee – School Level
: 6th Place Geoid Quiz Bee in UP Diliman
: 4th Place Chemical Collision Quiz Bee in Batangas State University
: 3rd Place Tagis Talino Quiz Bee (Values Month) - School Level
: With High Honors with an average of 97
: First Honor of Grade 9 Overall Batch
: Conduct Awardee
CLUB MEMBERSHIPS AND ORGANIZATIONS

2017-2018 : Overall Yes-O President
: PIO of Grade 8 Math Club Officers
2018-2019 : President of Grade 9 Math Club Officers

: Overall Grade 9 Representative of Math Club
2019-2020 : Supreme Student Government Grade 10 Representative
71
Documentation
Testing of the device Programming Surveying
Installation of Arduino Construction of the Painting of the device

framework
in the framework
72

AGASO: Arduino Based Garbage Sorter For Solid Waste Management in Quezon National High School

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AGASO: Arduino based Garbage Sorter for Solid Waste Management

in Quezon National High School

Science Investigatory Project

An Entry to Regional Inter-High School Science Investigatory Project Competition 2019

Quezon National High School

Carla Marie V. Baldovino, Ed. D

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

Chapter III: Materials and Methods

Chapter V: Conclusions and Recommendation

shows that the device’s adaptability, cost-effectiveness, functionality, and originality

3.8136 respectively. Moreover, the difference in the respondent’s perception in terms of

adaptability, cost-effectiveness, and originality occur between grade 10 students and

This chapter presents the statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of

of terms in the study.

Statement of the Problem

waste segregation management in Quezon National High School.

Specifically, it sought to:

1. To determine the overall level of acceptability of the product in terms of its:

2. To determine the difference in the perception of the respondents in terms of

overall acceptability of the product.

overall acceptability of the product.

Significance of the Study

Improper waste disposal can prompt a progressively disastrous difficulty. Which

systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that

correlates to how garbage are properly segregated to be free of contamination,

field of recycling, reduction of pollution and in general will improve environmental

recycled and what cannot. Hence the prototype is assessed to be interactive, by

greater height of success in solid waste management related aspects

Scope and Limitations

Input Process Output

Figure 1 shows the input, process and output of the study.

cost-cutting of the researcher to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the product as it is

trash bin powered by the Arduino.

This garbage sorter underwent the process of programming the Arduino

an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 k ohm. A maximum of

microcontroller. The process includes familiarization of the said components and

be implemented to the detection of garbage and data processing. Garbage level

an outcome which is the Arduino based garbage sorter.

Analog input is a hardware interfaces that accept non-digital signals. For,

Arduino it is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user

community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and

and control both physically and digitally.

AREF means Analogue Reference. It allows us to feed the Arduino a reference

voltage from an external power supply.

ATmega2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 (datasheet).

support the microcontroller.

Catastrophic is involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.

receives an electrical current.

Microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit, or UC for μ-controller) is a

small computer on a single integrated circuit.

either through physical dividers or using social pressures and laws.

Review of Related Literature

decline in condition of cleanness of the environment regarding the garbage

mismanagement creates the spread of garbage in community which in turn creates

polluting effects is carried by waste management companies, the services provided by

the garbage collector’s valuable efforts. Appropriate garbage collection and

management facilities have made a recycling process improvement which caused a

reduction in waste generation. Also controlling the released contaminators and

remedial / alternate measures could be adapted. An Android application is developed

Vuayalakshmi,B., Jenifer Prarthana,R., & Shankar, A.,2016)

In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. At the same

microcontroller sends signal to the user through GSM. So continuous monitoring of