CHE 2203W G4 March 13, 2021

Group No. 1 Friday, 4:30-7:30 pm

BELOCURA, Krista Leigh
LOTA, Claire Jane
TAMANG, James Carlo

1-D FLOW: BERNOULLI EQUATION

1. GIVEN: ASSUMPTION(S):
1. Both fluids are incompressible
(constant 𝜌)
2. Steady-state flow
3. 𝑧1 = 𝑧2

𝐷1 = 1 𝑚 fluid inside the venturi meter: water

𝐷2 = 0.5 𝑚 fluid inside the manometer: mercury
ℎ = 5 𝑐𝑚 𝑇𝑠𝑦𝑠 = 25°𝐶

REQUIRED: 𝜙𝑉

SOLUTION:

Because there are two fluids in the system, it is best to start with a mass balance; where

𝑑𝑚
= Φ𝑚 + Π𝑚
𝑑𝑡

Since we assumed a steady-state flow, the equation simplifies to:

0 = Φ𝑚

𝜙𝑚1 − 𝜙𝑚2 = 0

𝜌1 𝜙𝑉1 = 𝜌2 𝜙𝑉2
Because we assumed that the fluids are incompressible, our density terms on both sides

of the equation would cancel out.

𝜙𝑉1 = 𝜙𝑉2 Equation 1

𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2 Equation 2

BERNOULLI’S EQUATION:

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑣22 − 𝑣12
+ =0
𝜌 2

𝑣22 − 𝑣12 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
=
2 𝜌

Using equation 2 to find 𝑣1 in terms of 𝑣2 and to simplify the equation above:

𝐴2 𝑣2
𝑣1 =
𝐴1

Hence,

𝐴22
𝑣22 (1 − )
𝐴12 𝑃1 − 𝑃2
=
2 𝜌

2(𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
𝑣22 =
𝐴2
𝜌 (1 − 22 )
𝐴1

1
2
2(𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
𝑣2 =
𝐴2
𝜌 (1 − 22 )
[ 𝐴1 ]

where 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 is taken from the energy balance of the venturi meter:

 ∆𝑃 ∆𝑣 2
+ 𝑔∆𝑧 + =0
𝜌 2

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 = −𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 𝑔∆𝑧

where ∆𝑧 = 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 = ℎ

Thus,
1
2
2 (−𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 𝑔(−ℎ))
𝑣2 =
𝐴22
𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐 (1 − )
[ 𝐴12 ]

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 1𝑚
2 [− (0.9970 𝐿 ) (9.8 2 ) (−5 𝑐𝑚 ∙ 100 𝑐𝑚)] 𝑚
𝑠
𝑣2 = = 0.277499
2 2 𝑠
0.5 𝑚
[𝜋 ∙ ( 2 ) ]
𝑘𝑔
13.534 𝐿 1 − 2
1𝑚 2
[𝜋 ∙ ( 2 ) ]
√ ( )

0.5 𝑚 2 𝑚 𝑚3 𝑓𝑡 3
𝜙𝑉1 = 𝜙𝑉2 = 𝐴2 𝑣2 = [𝜋 ∙ ( ) ] ∙ 0.277499 = 0.05 = 1.9
2 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠

ANSWER: The volumetric flow rate of the fluid flowing through the meter is 0.05 m3/s

or 1.9 ft3/s.

2. GIVEN:

g
ρair =29
mol

g
ρHe =4
mol

h = 40 ft = 12.192m

REQUIRED: v2
ASSUMPTIONS:

1. Steady-state flow

2. Frictionless flow

3. A1 >> A2 => (Thus, v1 is negligible!)

SOLUTION:

∆𝑃 ∆𝑣 2
+ 𝑔∆𝑧 + = −F
𝜌 2

𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑣22 − 𝑣12
+ 𝑔ℎ + =0
𝜌 2

𝑃1 − 𝑃2
𝑣22 = 2 [( ) − 𝑔ℎ]
𝜌

(𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
𝑣2 = √2 [ − 𝑔ℎ]
𝜌𝐻𝑒

where 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = −𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑔ℎ. Thus,

𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑣2 = √2𝑔ℎ ( − 1)
𝜌𝐻𝑒

Note: densities are proportional to molecular weight

𝑔
𝑓𝑡 29 𝑓𝑡 𝑚
𝑣2 = √2 ∙ 32.2 2 ∙ 40 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ( 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 1) = 126.89 = 38.68
𝑠 𝑔 𝑠 𝑠
4
𝑚𝑜𝑙
 ANSWER: Assuming steady-state, frictionless flow, the helium is flowing through the

hole at a velocity of 38.68 m/s.

3. GIVEN:

𝑚3
• 𝑄 = 0.3 𝑠
• 𝐷1 = 1 𝑚
• 𝐷2 = 0.15 𝑚
• ℎ =4𝑚

REQUIRED: 𝐻
SOLUTION:
𝑄 = ∅𝑉
∅𝑉 = 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
𝑚3
∅𝑉1 0.3 𝑠 𝑚
𝑣1 = =𝜋 = 0.382
𝐴 2 𝑠
4 ∗ (1𝑚)
∅𝑉2 = 𝐴2 𝑣2

𝑚3
∅𝑉2 0.3 𝑠 𝑚
𝑣2 = =𝜋 = 16.98
𝐴 2 𝑠
4 ∙ (0.15𝑚)
Using Bernoulli’s Equation:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1 1
+ 𝑔(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) + (𝑣22 − 𝑣12 ) = 0
𝜌 2
• System is exposed to the external environment thus 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 are both equal to 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 .
Thus, 𝑃2 − 𝑃1 = 0.
• 𝑧2 = 0 ; tank is empty
• 𝑧1 = 𝐻 + 4
1
−𝑔(𝐻 + 4) + (𝑣22 − 𝑣12 ) = 0
2
(𝑣22 − 𝑣12 )
𝐻=[ ]−4
2𝑔
 𝑚 𝑚
(16.98 𝑠 )2 − (0.382 𝑠 )2 )
𝐻=[ 𝑚 ]−4
2 (9.8 2 )
𝑠
𝐻 = 10.70 𝑚
ANSWER: The depth of the water inside the tank would be 10.70 m.