Bridg

UEMF-EEMGC
Route de Meknès,
30000,Fès-Maroc

Année universitaire :2018/2019

Realised by: HDYLI Hanae – FRAGOU Marwane – Kouache Yassine – Taleb

Fatiha.

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Plan:

• Introduction and description of problem.

• Literature review.
• Case study.
• Improvement plan.
• Conclusion.
Appendices:
 Cost estimate.
 Annotated bibliography.
 Proposed timeline.
 Traffic management plan.

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 I. Introduction and description of problem:
Al marja bridge is in the road that links Al marja to street Mohammed 6, above a railroad. This bridge
suffers from a lot of structural problems that originate from inadequate dimensions, poor long-term
judgement, and bad choice of materials conception.

Currently, the population increase has caused a several of traffic jams which lead to daily accidents.
Furthermore, as we can see currently, the appearance of a several macrocracks, which are caused by
non-destructive controls.

If these problems are not mitigated, then the possible outcomes in the future will be the failure of
bridges’girder, which will be caused by the propagation of several macrocracks in that bridge’s girder,
also, the population increase will be multiplied which will lead to the rise of the percentage of daily
accidents and, finally, the bridge will be older, so that will cause the failure of the bridge.

II. Literature review:

III. Case study:

Our case study is about the replacement of 2 bridges, one in Missouri and the other in Nevada, using
the slide in bridge construction technology. The Slide-in Bridge Construction is an Accelerated Bridge
Construction technology that has been used to reduce the time and cost required to replace an
existing bridge. Using this technique, a bridge superstructure—often constructed using prefabricated
bridge elements—is typically built on temporary supports parallel to the existing bridge structure.
This enables the old bridge to remain open to traffic during construction. Once the new bridge
superstructure is complete, the old bridge is closed to traffic and demolished. The new bridge
superstructure is then pushed or pulled into place on the substructure and, once the bridge
approaches are complete, the road is reopened to traffic. The use of this construction method
reduced road closure times to less than 20 days, road user costs, worker exposure to traffic, and
construction times 6 months faster than originally planned.

The difficulty with this technique is that unlike building in place, dimensions must be known and built
exactly to specification for the substructure and superstructure to mesh correctly during the slide. In
addition, having personnel and equipment in place and ready to respond to any machinery
malfunctions or other unexpected issues is important for reducing risk.

IV. Improvement plan:

The solution proposed in the case study contain only the replacement of a bridge with a new one
with the same dimension. However, in our case we additionally need to widen the bridge. This
problem can be solved by designing the new bridge wider and add new piers to support the
additional charges due to enlarging the bridge. In addition, there is a need to reinforce the old piles
and old foundations since they are going to be the foundation of the new deck of the bridge.
Furthermore, we must enlarge the embankments so that we would have the place to put the new
two-lane road.

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V. Conclusion:
To mitigate all the structural problems that the bridge Al marja suffers from, we opt to

1. Adopt the solution said in the case study because the Slide-in Bridge Construction, that is an
Accelerated Bridge Construction technology, has been used to reduce the time and cost
required to replace the existing bridge.
2. Adopt the article 2 to reinforce the old piles by using the future infrastructural replacement,
which is a combination of recent innovation in construction technology, such as: advanced
cementitious materials (ACM) which represents a step towards the next generation of
infrastructure, where fast construction, intelligent bridge design, zero-energy, aesthetics, and
sustainability are key features. ACM resist very well to the heavy loads, reduce traffic
linderance, and multiple intermediate supports which achieve higher slenderness due to a
more favorable moment distribution.

Appendices:
1. Cost estimate:
Estimating Total Cost of Bridge Construction using Accelerated Bridge
Construction:
The costs and the factors used in the worksheet were established based on review of current bridge
contract bidding practices. The cost of different stages of construction :

• Structure excavation : 120,79$

• Foundation and columns : 1500$

• Structure backfill : 89,75$

• Furnish piling : 104,78$

• Drive piling : 108,243$

• Structural concrete bridge : 1651,188$

• Joint seal : 9,19$

• Bar reinforcing steel : 453,5$

• Prestressed cast-in-place concrete : 294,674$

• Structural concrete bridge footing :46,7$

• Truss : 710$

• Concrete barrier : 80,5$

• Steel fibers : 0 $

• Lead rubber bearing isolators : 0$

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 Our project is going to cost around $ 2500 per square meter

the contractor who wins the project offers a price of $ 2700 per square meter

Final project cost = 600 m2 * $ 2700 = 1,6 $million

2. Annotated bibliography:
Article 1:
Manoj Dilwaria, Nick Palomba , 2015. Innovative Traffic Management Strategies during Bridge
Replacement: Overcoming Constraints and Challenges. Conference of the Transportation Association
of Canada.

http://conf.tac-atc.ca/english/annualconference/tac2015/s8/dilwaria.pdf

“The article deals with the problem of traffic congestion caused by on-going bridge replacement. The
authors came by a solution to this problem and that is by adopting two parralleles bridges instead of
just widening the old one which can ensure the continuity of traffic flow. Furthermore they
elaborated a complete traffic management plan that redirect as much as possible the traffic to other
routes and they also have pre-prepared plans to mitigate any problem that may occur”.

Article 2:
Albert D.Reistma, Maldena Lukovic, Steffen Grunewald, Dick A. Hordijk.(2020). Future infrastructural
replacement through the Smart Bridge Concept. ResearchGate Materials, 13(2), 1-14.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338650626-Future-Infrastructural-
Replacement_Through_the_Smart_Bridge_Concept.

“This article adopts the future infrastructural replacement, which is a combination of recent
innovation in construction technology, such as: advanced cementitious materials (ACM) and
advanced design tool, that is a computer model tour named Box girder Design Tool ( B 0DeTe ), that
leads to automate the process of hundreds of design calculation that contribute to higher quality and
faster building.”

Article 3:
The article " Effect of Overweight Trucks on Fatigue Damage of a Bridge " was written by Vasvi
Aggarwal & Lakshmy Parameswaran and published in January 2015.

It talks about issue of the widespread of trucks in India. This problem led to a big stress on the
bridges. This article contains causes of this issue and some solutions that authors mentioned as
widen the road to relieve the stress. It observes the relationship between truck over loading and high
bride’s fatigue. It talks about the carriage above legal limits as one of the causes and mentioned
elements that increase the stress on the bridge.

 In book: Advances in Structural Engineering (pp.2483-2491)

 (PDF) Effect of Overweight Trucks on Fatigue Damage of a Bridge (researchgate.net)

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Article 4:

Case study:
Jamal Elkaissi, Spring 2014, Slide-in Bridge Construction. Report No. FHWA-HIF-13-057.

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/sibc/pubs/hif13057.pdf

“This case study contains examples of successful bridge slide-in projects in Nevada and Missouri.
Slide-in Bridge Construction is a cost-effective Accelerated Bridge Construction technique that has
been implemented as part of several bridge replacement projects sponsored by State departments of
transportation (DOT). In each case, the use of this method reduced road closure times, road user
costs, worker exposure to traffic, and construction times. Using this technique, a bridge
superstructure is built on temporary supports parallel to the existing bridge structure. This enables
the old bridge to remain open to traffic during construction. Once the new bridge superstructure is
complete, the old bridge is closed to traffic and demolished. The new bridge superstructure is then
pushed or pulled into place on the substructure and, once the bridge approaches are complete, the
road is reopened to traffic.”

3. Proposed timeline:

4. Traffic management plan:

Our Bridge widening project is going to affect the traffic on Route 1. As solution to this problem, we
are going to divert the traffic that normally passes by Route 1 to the other Routes indicated on the
map below. The vehicles that need to go to the UEMF, Douyet or Meknes need to take Route 4. The
others have the possibility to take either Route 2 or 3. The both of them don’t have much traffic load
which means the additional traffic that we will divert to them is not going to create traffic
congestion. This traffic management plan is going to ensure that vehicle users that usually take Route
1 arrive at their destination with a delay of 10min maximum than normal.

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In addition, we need to add signalization panels on the railroad before the train passes under the
bridge to inform the train conductors that there is construction work right ahead and that they
need to slow down below 20 km/h. This can ensure that the vibration caused by the passage of
the trains on our bridge is minimal, and in the same time make sure to not affect the railroad
traffic.