USB POWER

BOOSTER

A
MINOR PROJECT REPORT ON
USB POWER BOOSTER

2007-2011

SUBMITTED TO THE
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA BHOPAL [M.P]
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO GUIDED BY

Prof. P.K.Jain Mrs.Varsha Pandey

H.O.D. Lecturer
(ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS) (ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATIONS)

SUBMITTED BY

Saurabh Kolhe
Vatsal Tripathi
Vipin Patel

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Virendra Patel
Vivek Bhardwaj

GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

JABALPUR

2007-2011

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project title “USB POWER BOOSTER” which is being submitted by

Saurabh Kolhe(0206EC0471095), Vatsal Tripathi(0206EC071113 ), Vipin

Patel(0206EC071115), Virendra Patel(0206EC071117),Vivek Bhardwaj(0206EC071119) in

partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Electronics and communication “Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal[M.P]”

has been carried out under my guidance and supervision .It has not been submitted else where

for any other degree.

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Submitted To
Prof. P.K. Jain
Head of the department
Electronics and
Communication

GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

JABALPUR

2007-2011

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project title “ USB POWER BOOSTER” which is being submitted by

Saurabh Kolhe(0206EC0471095), Vatsal Tripathi(0206EC071113), Vipin

Patel(0206EC071115), Virendra Patel(0206EC071117),Vivek Bhardwaj(0206EC071119) in

partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Electronics and communication “Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal[M.P]”

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has been carried out under my guidance and supervision .It has not been submitted else where

for any other degree.

Guided By:
Mrs.Varsha Pandey
Lecturer
Electronics and Communication

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA

BHOPAL [M.P]

2007-2011
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the project title “ USB POWER BOOSTER” which is being submitted by

Saurabh Kolhe(0206EC0471095), Vatsal Tripathi(0206EC071113), Vipin

Patel(0206EC071115), Virendra Patel(0206EC071117),Vivek Bhardwaj(0206EC071119) in

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partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in

Electronics and communication “Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal[M.P]”

has been carried out under my guidance and supervision .It has not been submitted else where

for any other degree.

-----------------------------
-----------------------------
Internal Examiner External
Examiner

DECLARATION

Here we declare that the project entitled which is being submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of bachelor of Engineering in

Electronics and communication “RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,

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BHOPAL [M.P]” is the authentic record of my own work done under the guidance of Mrs.

Varsha Pandey [Lecturer].

The Matter reported in this project has not been submitted earlier for the award of

degree.

Saurabh Kolhe
Vatsal Tripathi
Vipin Patel
Virendra Patel
Vivek Bhardwaj
DATE:-………………..

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

While submitting this project, we sincerely expressed our indebtedness to our esteem and
revered guide Mrs.Varsha Pandey Lecturer in Electronics and Communication Department for

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their invaluable guidance, supervision and encouragement throughout the work. Without their
kind patronage and guidance it would not have taken shape. We take this opportunity.

To express our deep sense of gratitude Mr.P.K.Jain, [HOD Electronics and

communication Dept.] for his encouragement and kind approval of project. We would like to
express our sincere regard to him for advice and counseling time to time.
We also owe our sincere thanks to all the lecturer of Electronics and
communication Department for invaluable advice and counseling.

Saurabh Kolhe
Vatsal Tripathi
Vipin Patel
Virendra Patel
Vivek Bhardwaj

Preface
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The completion of any project depends upon the Coordination, Co-operation &

combined effect of several recourses of knowledge, energy and time.

A student especially a technical student is expected to do some experimentation

and research work on subject which is taught in class during course of studies or

trends and technology having being developed. Such an effort which is well

organized with a definite aim or purpose us called a project.

The object of this project is to evoke technical thinking and induce the student to

make systematic analysis of the situations at hand, so as to reach at a definite

conclusion.

By doing a project a student display their spirit in inquiry creativity of improving

the existing way of solving a problem through understanding of existing situation

and develops independent thinking and ability to understand basic factors project

keeps a student in touch with the latest technological developments and among a

group of students encourages integrated working. With the view our group

selected “USB POWER BOOSTER” as a project. The project gives the complete

details and analysis of the project and figures necessary for the installation of the

scheme.

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INDEX

a. Introduction

b. Essential Components

c. : USB(Universal Serial Bus)

d. Types of USB

e. IC 3021

f. BT 36 TRIAC

g. IC7805

h. Rectifier

i. Working of a USB Power Booster

j. Advantages of a USB power booster

k. Bibliography

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List of Tables

1. USB Pin out, Cable Assembly.

2. PIN specification of MOC 3021 IC.

3. PIN specification of BT 136 TRIAC.

4. PIN specification of BT 136 TRIAC.

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List of Figure

1. A USB receptacle and Plug

2. Diagram for various types of USB ports:

3. Specifications of pins in a USB:

4. Diagram of a MOC 3021 IC:

5. Diagram of a BT 136 TRIAC:

6. Diagram of a IC 7805

7. Half Wave Rectification

8. Full Wave Rectification

9. Circuit diagram OF a USB Power Booster

10. Layout of USB power booster

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Introduction:

The USB serial bus can be figured for connecting several

peripheral devices to a single PC since a PC can supply only a
limited power to the external devices connected through its USB
port, when too many devices are connected simultaneously there
is a possibility of power shortage. Therefore an external power
source has to be added to power the external devices. A USB
POER BOOSTER is a type of a USB hub A USB hub is a device
that expands a single USB port into several so that there are
more ports available to connect devices to a host system. USB
hubs are often built into equipment such as
computers, keyboards, monitors, or printers. When such a device
has many USB ports they all usually stem from one or two
internal USB hubs rather than each port having independent USB
circuitry. A bus-powered hub is a hub that draws all
its power from the host computer's USB interface. It does not
need a separate power connection. However, many devices
require more power than this method can provide, and will not
work in this type of hub.USB current (related to power) is
allocated in units of 100 mA up to a maximum total of 500 mA per
port. Therefore a compliant bus powered hub can have no more
than four downstream ports and cannot offer more than four
100 mA units of current in total to downstream devices (since one
unit is needed for the hub itself). If more units of current are
required by a device than can be supplied by the port it is plugged
into, the operating system usually reports this to the user. In
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contrast a self-powered hub is one that takes its power from an

external power supply unit and can therefore provide full power
(up to 500mA) to every port. Many hubs can operate as
either bus powered or self powered hubs. Most USB hubs use
one or more integrated controller ICs, of which several designs
are available from various manufacturers. Most support a four-
port hub system, but hubs using seven-port hub controllers are
also available.

Essential Components:
USB socket type A
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
R1 resistor of 120 ohms
R2 resistor of 180 ohms
R3 resistor of 1.2K
C1 capacitor of 0.047 microns
C1 capacitor of 0.047 microns
C2 capacitor of 100 microns
C3 capacitor of 100 n
F1 1amp fuse
D1-D4 1N4001Rectifeir Diodes
X1=230V Primary to 12V, 1A secondary transformer
TRIAC BT 136
IC1MOC3021
IC7805.

USB(Universal Serial Bus):

USB (Universal Serial Bus is a specification] to establish

communication between devices and a host controller (usually

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personal computers). USB is intended to replace many varieties

of serial and parallel ports. USB can connect computer
peripherals such as mice, keyboards, digital cameras, printers,
personal media players, flash drives, and external hard drives.
For many of those devices, USB has become the standard
connection method. USB was designed for personal computers,
but it has become commonplace on other devices such
assmartphones, The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard
for peripheral devices. It began development in 1994 by a group
ofsevencompanies: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC an
d Nortel. USB was intended to make it fundamentally easier to
connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of
connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of
existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all
devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater
bandwidths for external devices. The first silicon for USB was
made available by Intel in 1995.

A USB receptacle and Plug

Types of USB:
1. USB-A:

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The Standard-A type of USB plug is a flattened rectangle

which inserts into a "downstream-port" receptacle on the USB
host, or a hub, and carries both power and data. This plug is
frequently seen on cables that are permanently attached to a
device, such as one connecting a keyboard or mouse to the
computer via USB connection.
2.USB-B:
A Standard-B plug — which has a square shape with bevelled
exterior corners — typically plugs into an "upstream
receptacle" on a device that uses a removable cable, e.g. a
printer. A Type B plug delivers power in addition to carrying
data. On some devices, the Type B receptacle has no data
connections, being used solely for accepting power from the
upstream device. This two-connector-type scheme (A/B)
prevents a user from accidentally creating an electrical loop.
2.Mini and Micro:
Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as
PDAs, mobile phones or digital cameras. These include the now-
deprecated (but standardized) Mini-A and the currently standard
Mini-B,Micro-A, and Micro-B connectors. The Mini-A and Mini-B
plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm, while the Micro plugs have a
similar width but approximately half the thickness, enabling their
integration into thinner portable devices.
Mini-USB is often used by digital camcorders.

3. Micro-AB Socket OTG:

An OTG device is required to have one, and only one USB
connector: a Micro-AB receptacle as defined in [Micro-USB1.01].
This receptacle is capable of accepting either a Micro-A plug or a

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Micro-B plug attached to any of the legal cables and adapters

defined in [Micro-USB1.01].
The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device
and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required
and by default assumes the role of host. The OTG device with the
B-plug inserted is called the B-device and by default assumes the
role of peripheral. An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults
to acting as a B-device. If an application on the B-device requires
the role of host, then the HNP protocol is used to temporarily
transfer the host role to the B-device.
OTG devices attached either to a peripheral-only B-device or a
standard/embedded host will have their role fixed by the cable
since in these scenarios it is only possible to attach the cable one
way around.

Diagram for various types of USB ports:

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Specifications of pins in a USB:

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USB Pin out, Cable Assembly:

PIN SIGNAL NAME

1 VBUS
2 D-
3 D+
4 GND

IC 3021:

There are many situations where signals and data need to be

transferred from one subsystem to another within a piece of

electronics equipment, or from one piece of equipment to

another, without making a direct ‚ohmic electrical connection.

Often this is because the source and destination are (or may be

at times) at very different voltage levels, like a microprocessor

which is operating from 5V DC but being used to control a triac

which is switching 240V AC. In such situations the link between

the two must be an isolated one, to protect the microprocessor

from over voltage damage.. Optocouplers typically come in a

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small 6-pin or 8-pin IC package, but are essentially a combination

of two distinct devices: an optical transmitter, typically a gallium

arsenide LED (light-emitting diode) and an optical receiver such

as a phototransistor or light-triggered diac. The two are separated

by a transparent barrier which blocks any electrical current flow

between the two, but does allow the passage of light. The basic

idea is shown in Fig.1, along with the usual circuit symbol for an

optocoupler. Usually the electrical connections to the LED section

are brought out to the pins on one side of the package and those

for the phototransistor or diac to the other side, to physically

separate them as much as possible. This usually allows

optocouplers to withstand voltages of anywhere between 500V

and 7500V between input and output. Optocouplers are

essentially digital or switching devices, so they are best for

transferring either on-off control signals or digital data. Analog

signals can be transferred by means of frequency or pulse-width

modulation. A 3021 IC is an optoelectronic coupler or an

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optocoupler which is basically an interface between two circuits

which operate at different voltage levels. The key advantage of an

optocoupler is the electrical isolation between the input and

output circuits.MOC 3021 IC is used to reduce noise in the circuit.

Diagram of a MOC 3021 IC:

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PIN specification of MOC 3021 IC:

PIN DESCRIPTION
1 ANODE
2 CATHODE
3 NC(No Connection)
4 MAIN TERMINAL
5 SUBSTRATE DO NOT

CONNECT
6 MAIN TERMINAL

BT 136 TRIAC:

A TRIAC or Triode alternating current device is a semiconductor,

the family of the transistors. The difference with a thyristor is
conventional is that it is unidirectional and bidirectional TRIAC.
Colloquially be said that the TRIAC is a switch capable of switching
the alternating current. Its internal structure resembles to some extent
to the provision that would form two SCR in anti parallel. It has
three electrodes: A1, A2 (in this case they lose the name of the anode
and cathode) and gate. The firing of the TRIAC is performed by
applying a current to the electrode door. Its versatility makes it ideal for

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controlling alternating currents. One is their use as breaker Estate

offers many advantages over conventional mechanical switches
and relays. It works as well as electronic switch stack. Triacs are used
in many low power applications such as attenuators of light, speed
controls for electric motors and computer control systems of many
household items. However, when used with inductive loads such as
electric motors, you should take precautions to ensure that the TRIAC
will turn off correctly at the end of each half wave of alternating
current Because of its low stability at present its use is very limited. the
basic function of a BT 136 TRIAC is that I t is used for controlling ac
power to load by switching on and off during the positive and negative
half cycles of the input sinusoidal signal.

Diagram of a BT 136 TRIAC:

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PIN specification of BT 136 TRIAC:

PIN DESCRIPTION
1 MAIN TERMINAL 1(anode 1)
2 MAIN TERMINAL 2(anode 2)
3 GATE

IC 7805:
IC 7805 is a voltage regulator generally used to regulate the
voltage. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to
automatically maintain a constant voltage level. It may use an
electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic
components. Depending on the design, it may be used to
regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
With the exception of passive shunt regulators, all modern
electronic voltage regulators operate by comparing the actual
output voltage to some internal fixed reference voltage. Any
difference is amplified and used to control the regulation element
in such a way as to reduce the voltage error. This forms
a negative feedback control loop; increasing the open-loop
gain tends to increase regulation accuracy but reduce stability
(avoidance of oscillation, or ringing during step changes). There
will also be a trade-off between stability and the speed of the
response to changes. If the output voltage is too low (perhaps

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due to input voltage reducing or load current increasing), the

regulation element is commanded, up to a point, to produce a
higher output voltage - by dropping less of the input voltage (for
linear series regulators and buck switching), or to draw input
current for longer periods (boost-type switching regulators); if the
output voltage is too high, the regulation element will normally be
commanded to produce a lower voltage. However, many
regulators have over-current protection, so that they will entirely
stop sourcing current (or limit the current in some way) if the
output current is too high, and some regulators may also shut
down if the input voltage is outside a given range (see
also: crowbar circuits).
Diagram of a IC 7805:

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PIN specification of BT 136 TRIAC:

PIN DESCRIPTION
1 INPUT
2 COMMON or GND
3 OUTPUT

Rectifier

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating

current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process known
as rectification. Rectifiers have many uses including as
components of power supplies and as detectors of radio signals.
Rectifiers may be made of solid state diodes,
vacuum diodes, mercury arc valves, and other components. A
device which performs the opposite function (converting DC to
AC) is known as an inverter. When only one diode is used to
rectify AC (by blocking the negative or positive portion of
the waveform), the difference between the term diode and the
term rectifier is merely one of usage, i.e., the
term rectifier describes a diode that is being used to convert AC
to DC. Almost all rectifiers comprise a number of diodes in a
specific arrangement for more efficiently converting AC to DC

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than is possible with only one diode. Before the development of

silicon semiconductor rectifiers, vacuum tube diodes
and copper(I) oxide or selenium rectifier stacks were used.
Early radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a "cat's whisker"
of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve
as a point-contact rectifier or "crystal detector". Rectification may
occasionally serve in roles other than to generate D.C. current
per se. For example, in gas heating systems flame rectification is
used to detect presence of flame. Two metal electrodes in the
outer layer of the flame provide a current path, and rectification of
an applied alternating voltage will happen in the plasma, but only
while the flame is present to generate it.
Half Wave Rectification:
In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the
AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only
one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very
inefficient if used for power transfer. Half-wave rectification can
be achieved with a single diode in a one-phase supply, or with
three diodes in a three-phase supply.

The output DC voltage of a half wave rectifier can be calculated with the following two
ideal equations:

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Full Wave Rectification:

A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to
one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full-
wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform
to DC (direct current), and is more efficient. However, in a circuit
with a non-center tapped transformer, four diodes are required
instead of the one needed for half-wave rectification. Four diodes
arranged this way are called a diode bridge or bridge rectifier:

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Working of a USB Power Booster:

In USB, two different types of connectors are used type A

and type B.The circuit presented here is an add on
unit, designed to add more power to a USB power supply
(type A).When the power signal from the PC (+5V) is
received through socket A, LED1 glows, opto-diac IC1
conducts and TRIAC1 is triggered, resulting in availability
of mains supply from the primary of transformer X1.
Now transformer X1 delivers 12V at its secondary, which
is rectified by a bridge rectifier comprising diodes D1
through D4 and filtered by capacitor C2.Regulator 7805 is
used to stabilize the rectified DC. Capacitor C3 at the
output of the regulator bypasses the ripples present on
the rectified DC output. LED 1 indicates the status of the
USB power booster circuit. Assemble the circuit on a
general purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet
.Bring the +5V, ground and data point in the type-A
socket. Connect the data cables as assigned in the circuit
and the power booster is ready to function.

Advantages of a USB power booster:

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I. The problem of power shortage is removed.

II. The data transfer occurs at a good speed.
III. Multiple peripheral devices can be connected to the USB
power booster.
IV. Devices requiring high power for data transfer can be easily
operated and at a good speed.
V. Can be used where many input and output peripherals are
to be connected.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Electronics for You – EFY Enterprises Pvt. Ltd..

2) Texas Instruments Linear IC Data Book
3) WEB SITE SUPPORT - www.kpsec.freeuk.com
- www.datasheetcatelog.com

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