g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gM

;'wf/sf k|of; Pj+ r'gf}tL

bfdf]b/ /]UdL

Damodar Regmi
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 Definition
Administrative reform is the political process that
adjusts the relationship between a bureaucracy
and other elements in a society , or within a
bureaucracy itself, in order to change the
behavior of the public service.
-John Montgomery
Administrative reform is induced change in the
machinery of government in an effort to bridge
a gap between reality and desirability.
-Arne Leemans
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 Definition
Administrative reform is deliberate attempt to
use power , authority and influence to change
the goals , structure or process of the
bureaucracy and therefore to alter the behavior
of its personnel. -Jose Abhuva
==================================
Reform is a journey rather than destination
Reform is a continuous process-OECD

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regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 GAP GAP

cf Time
Technology
Time
Technology
cf
j
Concept Concept
j
j Zo
Zo t{ ;'wf/
s
s df ;'wf/ tf
tf g
l:ylt
Feedback
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 k|zf;g ;'wf/ lsg ?
hg rfxgfsf] ;xL tj/af6 ;Daf]wg x'g] k|zf;lgs kl/kf6Lsf]
ljsf; ug{
kl/jlt{t d"No, dfGotf cg'?k k|zf;lgs kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; ug{
k|zf;lgs k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgf ,k|lqmof Joaxf/ / dgf]j[lQdf
;dofg's'n kl/jt{g Nofpg
k|zf;gdf gjLgtf / l;h{gfTdstfsf] k|j]z u/fpg
k|zf;lgs Ifdtf clej[lWb ug{
k|zf;gsf] cGo cGt/;DalGwt kIfjLr ;dfof]hgsf kIf
klxrfg u/L kl/rfng ug]{ Damodar Regmi
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k|zf;lgs ;+u7gx?nfO{ r':t, b'?:t / k|efjsf/L jgfO{
ldtAooL tyf pTkfbgd"ns agfpg
;"rgf / k|ljlwsf If]qdf ePsf] Aofks tyf tLa|td ljsf;sf
;Gbe{df k|zf;lgs kl/kf6LnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{
k|zf;lgs d"No dfGotfdf cfPsf cfoflds kl/jt{gx? ;+u
k|zf;gnfO{ cg's'lnt u/fpg

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 k|zf;g ;'wf/sf ljz]iftf
Dealing
Moral Value Transformation
with
resistance

x:tIf]kJbf/f
oyfl:ylt oyfl:ylt af6 cj/f]w
eGbf ;sf/fTds lj?Wb
/fd|f] kl/jt{g ;+3if{
tkm{ clek|]l/t Ifdtf
x'g'kb{5
x'g' kb{5
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 ;'wf/sf If]qx?
;d"x
JolQm g]t[Tj,
dgf]j[lQ,
Jojxf/, ;+:yf
Jojxf/,
cfr/0f, cfr/0f, ;+/rgf,
g}lts
sfo{ sfo{ k|lqmof
d"No dfGotf
;+:s[lt

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regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;g ;'wf/sf cjojx?
e"d08nLs/0f (Globalization)

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f :yfgLos/0f (Decentralization/Localization)

zf;sLo ;Gbe{ (Governance Context)
e|i6frf/ Go"gLs/0f (Corruption Minimization)
;fj{hlgs Joa:yfkg (Public Management)
;/sf/L ;+/rgf / ;+oGq (Government Machinery and Organization)
;/sf/L >f]t Joa:yfkg (Managing Government Resources)
;]jfdf k|zf;lgs OdfGbfl/tf / hjfkmb]lxtf (Administrative
integrity & responsiveness of Services)

cGo afx\o tyf cGt/lgxLt kIfx? (Beyond Dichotomy)

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regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 ;'wf/sf tl/sfx?
;}WbflGts cjwf/0ff gLltut cjwf/0ff
(Theoretical Approach) (Policy Approach)

/0fgLlts cjwf/0ff Value

(Strategic Approach) Normative
Approach
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 ;}WbflGts cjwf/0ff (Theoretical Approach)

Structural= ;+u7gdf ;'wf/

Unstructured= cfjZostf cg'?k
Administrative Health= ;d:of
b]lvPsf] If]qdf
Iniquitous= k|zf;g k"/} c;Ifd ePkl5
Damodar Regmi
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 gLltut cjwf/0ff (Policy Approach)

Proactive- k"j{ ;lqmotf

Reactive- ;d:of k/]kl5
Survival- kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{ cg';f/
Formalism- cf}krfl/stf
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 /0fgLlts cjwf/0ff (Strategic Approach)

/0fgLlts cjwf/0ff (Strategic Approach)

Coercive- ha/h:tL
Persuasive- pTk|]l/t u/]/
Normative- ;xeflutf clej[lWb u/]/
Utilitarian- ;dembf/L ljsf; u/]/
Value Neutral- cWoog cg';Gwfg kZrft qmdz u/]/

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 Value Normative Approach

kl/jlt{t jftfj/0f,
rfxgf, / cfjZostf
cg'?k
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ k|lqmofsf] z'?jft
a]nfotsf] Northcote Trevellian Report / ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf]
Pendelton Act sf] th'{df kZrft ;/sf/L ;]jfdf ;j}n] k|lt:kwf{Tds tj/af6
k|j]z sf] ;dfg cj;/ kfpg'kg]{ / ;/sf/L ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL
Aoa:yf k"j{lgwf{l/t x'g'kg]{ eGg] cjwf/0fsf] ljsf;sf] nx/
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ljlwjt sfg"gL Aoj:yf , sfo{ ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/ tof/ ug]{
tyf sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{sf] :ki6 Aoa:yf ug]{ cjwf/0ff
;g\ *) sf] bzsaf6 ljsl;t pbf/Ls/0f / e"d08nLs/0f n] l;h{gf
u/]sf gjLgtd kl/j]z, /fli6|\o / cGt/f{li6|\o /fhgLltdf cfPsf
kl/jt{g
;/sf/sf] k'g cfljisf/sf] cjwf/0ff

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;"rgf / k|ljlwsf If]qdf ePsf] Aofks tyf tLa|td
ljsf;,
;/sf/sf] :j?k / zf;sLo dfGotfdf cfPsf kl/jt{g,
u}/ /fHoLo ;fem]bf/ (Non State Partners /
Actors) sf] pbo,
k|zf;lgs d"No dfGotfdf cfPsf cfoflds kl/jt{gx?
;+u k|zf;gnfO{ cg's'lnt u/fpg] ;Gbe{

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 g]kfndf k|zf;g ;'wf/ k|lqmof
!=k|zf;sLo k'gu{7g ;ldlt - lj= ;+= @))(- a'r sldzg
@=k|zf;sLo k'gu{7g of]hgf cfof]u - lj= ;+= @)!# - 6+sk|;fb
cfrfo{
#= k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u - lj= ;+= @)@% - j]bfgGb emf
$= k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u - lj= ;+= @)#@ - 8f= e]ifaxfb'/ yfkf
%= k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u - lj= ;+= @)$* - lul/hfk|;fb
sf]O{/fnf
^= zf;sLo ;'wf/sf] dfu{lrq - lj= ;+= @)^! - PlzofnL ljsf;
j}ssf] ;xof]udf Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;sLo k'gu{7g ;ldlt ,@))( -a'r sldzg

❑N M Buch ,K P Mathrani, S K Ananda

❑sfg"g ;lrj ltns zd;]/ / cy{ ;lrj lxdfno zd;]/
❑@# h"g !(%@df !! kl/R5]bsf] k|ltj]bg k|:t't
❑sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{df ug]{
❑lghfdtL ;]jfsf] juL{s/0f ug]{
❑lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] Joa:yf ug]{
❑!!j6f dGqfno sfod ug]{
❑sd{rf/Lsf] !% txnfO{ $ txdf sfod ug]{
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;sLo k'gu{7g of]hgf cfof]u, @)!#
❑k| d+ 6+s k| cfrfo{, !@ ;lrj,/fdrGb| dNxf]qf,
gGbnfn hf]zL, s'nz]v/ zdf{
❑lghfdtL ;]jfdf ljleGf ;]jfx?sf] u7g ug]{
❑lghfdtL ;]jf ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f ug]{
❑nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{
❑sd{rf/Lsf] tnadfg lgwf}/0f ug]{
❑k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug]{
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u, @)@%
❑j]bfgGb emf,/f= k=;= qo xf]d a >]i7 uf]s0f{/fh zf:qL 8f
ab|Lk|;fb >]i7, 8Dd/ a l;+x, s'nz]v/ zdf{ nufut
❑lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ug{ kb juL{s/0f ug]{ / clws[td"ns
;+u7gsf] Joa:yf ug]{
❑lghfdtL ;]jfdf >]0fLut ;]jf x6fO{ txut Joa:yf nfu" ug]{
❑k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] :yfkgf ug]{
❑Staff Colege sf] :yfkgf ug]{
❑58\s] k|j]zsf] Joa:yf ug]{
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u, @)#@/##
❑ e]ifa yfkf, 8Dd/ a l;+x, ob'gfy vgfn nufot
❑clws[td"ns ;+u7gsf] Joa:yf ug]{
❑:yfoL k|zf;g ;'wf/ ;ldltsf] Joa:yf ug]{
❑sd{rf/Lsf] tna ahf/ efpsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f ug]{
❑;+:yfg ;dGjo kl/ifbsf] Joa:yf ug]{
❑e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f ug{ ljleGg pkfox?sf] canDag ug]{

Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u, @)$*
❑lul/hf k| sf]O{/fnf, s'nz]v/ zdf{ nufot !& ;b:oLo
❑@@ kl/R5]bsf] k|ltj]bg
❑;/sf/sf] sfoIf]qsf] k'g/fjnf]sg / sfo{ ljlgof]hg
❑;]jf k|jfxdf k|efjsfl/tfdf hf]8
❑@! j6f af6 !* dGqfnosf] k|:tfj
❑PsLs[t lghfdtL ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ff
❑ Politics Administration Dichotomy
❑ Rightsizing of Administration
❑;/sf/L sfo{ljlw ;/nLs/0f
❑ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf lgIf]k0fsf] cjwf/0ff
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u, @)$*
❑;+:yfg Joa:yfkg ;'wf/sf cfwf/x?
❑/fli6||o dfgj >f]t ljsf; kl/ifbsf] cjwf/0ff
❑NASC- Management Development
Centre
❑e|i6frf/ lgjf/0fsf nflu Preventive / Curative
Measure
❑Monitoring and Feedback concept
❑58\s] k|j]z nufut lghfdtL ;]jf ;'b[9Ls/0f
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 zf;sLo ;'wf/sf] dfu{lrq @)^!
❑;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ cuf8L a9fpg cfGtl/s Ifdtf
clej[lWb ug]{
❑lghfdtL ;]jfsf] bIftf clej[lWb ug]{
❑;j} lgsfox?df e|i6frf/ 36fpg] / ;'zf;gnfO{
a9fjf lbg]
❑lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;du| pTk|]/0ff / bIftf clej[lWb ug]{
❑sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;'wf/sf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg]
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 eljiok/s b[li6sf]0f tkm{sf] cu|;/tf
;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] kRrL; jif]{ u'?of]hgf cWoog k|ltj]bg @)%%

lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;f]rkq @)^#

b"/b[li6-Vision_ g]kfnnfO{ :jR5, ;d'Ggt / ;';+:s[t /fi6|\df
?kfGt/0fsf] nflu pQ/bfoL,Jofj;flos / k|lt:kwL{ lghfdtL
;]jf
d"n kl/nIo-Mission_ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf dfkm{t b]zsf zf;g
k|0ffnLnfO{ c;n / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xof]uL lghfdtL ;]jf
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@))( ;fndf ef/tLo ljz]if1x?sf] ;+nUgtfdf
k|zf;sLo k'gu{7g ;ldlt - a'r sldzg _ lghfdtL
;]jfsf] k|f/lDes k|f?k tof/ ug]{ b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{
/Xof]
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ljlwjt sfg"gL Aoj:yf , sfo{
ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ tyf sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{sf]
:ki6 Aoa:yf ug]{ ;Gbe{df @)!# ;fndf ul7t
k|zf;sLo k'gu{7g of]hgf cfof]u n] lghfdtL ;]jfsf]
If]qdf u/]sf Aoa:yf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] Oltxf;d}
sf]z9'+ufsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5
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j]bfgGb emf / 8f= e]ifaxfb'/ yfkfsf ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t
cfof]ux? ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf / k|zf;lgs kl/kf6Ldf yk
kl/:s[t ug]{ b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ /x] .
;g\ *) sf] bzsaf6 ljsl;t pbf/Ls/0f / e"d08nLs/0f n]
l;h{gf u/]sf gjLgtd kl/j]z, /fli6|\o / cGt/f{li6|\o
/fhgLltdf cfPsf kl/jt{g / ;/sf/sf] k'g cfljisf/sf]
cjwf/0ffsf] k[i7e"dLdf lghfdtL ;]jf / ;du| k|zf;lgs
If]qsf] ;dofg's'n ;dfo]hg ug{ cfjZostf dxz'; eP
cg'?k @)$* ;fnsf] k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]u u7g ePsf]
b]lvG5

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;"rgf / k|ljlwsf If]qdf ePsf] Aofks tyf tLa|td
ljsf;, ;/sf/sf] :j?k / zf;sLo dfGotfdf
cfPsf kl/jt{g, u}/ /fHoLo ;fem]bf/ (Non
State Partners / Actors) sf] pbo, k|zf;lgs
d"No dfGotfdf cfPsf cfoflds kl/jt{gx? ;+u
lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ cg's'lnt u/fpg] ;Gbe{df
tTkZrftsf ;'wf/sf k|of;x? s]lGb|t b]lvG5g\ .

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 k|zf;g ;'wf/sf] k|of;af6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf kg{
uPsf] ;sf/fTds kIf
➢lghfdtL ;]jf P]g lgodfjnL n] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{sf] :ki6
Aoa:yf u/]sf]
➢;+j}wflgs Oltxf;sf] k|f/De ;+u} nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] Aoa:yf
➢of]Uotf k|0ffnL lghfdtL ;]jfsf] d]?b08
➢ljleGg ;]jf, ;d"x, pk ;d"xsf] Aoa:yfn] sfo{ ljlzi6tf /
Aoj;flostfsf] k|Tofe"lt
➢s]Gb|b]lv u|fdL0f tx ;Dd ;]jf k|jfxsf] lj:tfl/t ;+hfnsf]
:yfkgf /fHosf] pkl:ytL hgfpg] :yfoL ;+oGqsf] ?kdf
Damodar Regmi
ljsl;t regmi.damodar@gmail.com
❑;dofg's'n b]lvg] u/]sf gjLgtd k|j[lQ
(Emerging Trends) / cfoflds kl/jt{gx?
(Paradigm Shifts) sf] oyfzSo ;dfof]hgsf]
k|of;
❑lghfdtL ;]jf /f]huf/Lsf] cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] Aoa:yfn] ;j{;fwf/0f AolQmsf] klg
kx+'rdf cj;/
❑/fli6|\o / cGt/f{li6|\o ;fem]bf/x? ;+u ;xsfo{ /
;Dks{ ;Ghfnsf] :yfkgf Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 tyflk
;sf/f r'gf}tLsf c;+Vo
;'wf/sf qmd Tds >[8=vnf ljBdfg
pk
/ k|of; nAwL
5g\
efjL sbd
........

clglZrt 5g\
;d:ofsf] :jLsf/f]lQm g} ;dfwfgsf] ofqftkm{sf] k|:yfg ljGb" xf]
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 sdhf]/L sxf+ /x]
;'wf/sf k"j{zt{x?
– Continuity /Consistency -Adaptability
– Regular and thorough homework
– Political / Bureaucratic commitment -Realistic
Programme
– Institutional Mechanism
– Implementation Mechanism
• Proper Planning, Proper Diagnosis, Political Determination,
Institutional support

cflbdf plrt ;dfof]hg x'g g;Sg'

Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
Less Priority High Priority
Brochure Talent Work Talent
Supply Driven Demand Driven
Structural change Attitudinal change
Slogan Regular Process
Curative Measure Preventive Measure
Drastic change Incremental Change
civil service centered Public administration centered
Experiment Based Experience Based
Hardware= Law, Institution, Software=System, Attitude,
Infrastructure Behavior
Doctor Patient Model Process Consulting Model
Damodar(Proper
Regmi Implementation Plan)
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 kl/jt{g / sfof{Gjogdf ;fdGh:otf
kl/jt{
•
g l9nf] Slow rf+8f] Fast
sfof{Gjog

l9nf] Slow a9f]Q/L ;+qmd0f

rf+8f] Fast pb\ufdL ?kfGt/0f

Damodar Regmi
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Concentric Approach
vs
Divergent Approach

Software
System, Attitude,
Hardware Behavior
Law, Institution,
Infrastructure

Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
Concentric Approach
vs ;+/rgf
Divergent Approach

;fwg >f]t dgf]j[lQ

Support sfg"gL Joa:yf

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regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 cjsf] ;'wf/ stflt/ ?
g]kfndf ePsf /fhg}lts kl/jt{g kZrft k|zf;g ;'wf/sf k|of;x?
x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
oL k|of;x? dWo] k|f/lDes k|of; lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ljlwjt :yfkgf
ug]{ sfo{df s]lGb|t b]lvG5
tTkZrftsf cleofgx? k|zf;lgs k|0ffnL / dfGotf nfO{ :yflkt ,
kl/dflh{t / /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] k[i7e"dLdf ;dfof]lht ug]{ ;Gbe{
;+u ;DalGwt /x]sf 5g\ .
oL ;j} k|of;x? ;du| ;fj{hlgs k|zf;g sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ;+u ;DalGwt
ePtf klg d"n?kdf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;+/rgfTds, k|0ffnLut /
sfof{Tds kIfsf] ;'wf/ ;+u ;DalGwt /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf @))&
;fnsf] /fhg}lts kl/jt{g kl5 dfq o;sf] ljlwjt k|of;sf] yfngL
Damodar Regmi

ePsf] kfO{G5 . regmi.damodar@gmail.com

b]z clxn] /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf] r/0fdf 5
/fHo k'g{;+/rgfsf] cleofgn] b]zsf] ;du| If]qsf]
;sf/fTds kl/0ffd k|fKt ug{ /fHo ;+/rgfsf] k|d'v /
:yfoL ;+oGqdf x'g] ;dfof]hgn] ljz]if dxTj /fVg]
ePsf]n] b]zsf] kl/jlt{t ljlzi6 /fhg}lts kl/jt{g sf]
;Gbe{df lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ cj s'g ?kdf Aoj:yfkg
ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifo k'g Ps k6s af}lWbs ax; /
rf;f]sf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

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o; ;Gbe{df lghfdtL ;]jfdf lgDg kIfx?df ;Daf]wgsf] cfjZostf
b]lvG5
❑/fHo k'g: ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df k|zf;lgs k'g: ;+/rgf . tbg'?ksf
sfof{Gjog, ;xof]uL / ;dGjo ;+oGqsf] Aoa:yf .
❑ax'n /fHoLo cjwf/0ffsf] k[i7e"dLdf ljBdfg s]Gb|Lo k|zf;lgs
;+/rgfnfO{ /fHo k'g;{+/rgfjf6 lgwf{l/t x'g] :j?k;+u cg's'lnt x'g]
u/L lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;+/rgfTds k|f?k tof/ ug]{
❑ljutdf ck]lIft ?kdf ;Daf]wg x'g g;s]sf jf ;Daf]wg eP/ klg
sfof{Gjog txdf ?kfGtl/t x'g g;s]sf ljifonfO{ pko'Qm tj/af6
;Daf]wg ug]{
❑lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ a9L pTkfbgzLn, pQ/bfoL / l;h{gfTds agfpg
canDag ug'{ kg]{ /0fgLltsf] klxrfg
Damodar Regmi
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❑nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHo (Welfare State) jf6 ;xhstf{ /fHo
(Facilitating State) sf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t x'b} uPsf]
;Gbe{df b]zleq ljBdfg If]qLo, hflto, juL{o, ;fdflhs, cfly{s
lje]bnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;/sf/sf] k|ToIf, dWod / Go"g ;xeflutf
/xg' kg]{ If]qsf] ( interventionist, collaborative,
regulative approach) cfwf/df pbf/jfbL k|hftGq (
Liberal Democracy) tyf ;fdflhs k|hftGq ( Social
Democracy) h:tf cGt/lj/f]wL t/ cGof]Gofl>t kIf ljr
;Gt'lnt ?kdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] k|zf;lgs ;+oGq
❑hgtsf] lgs6td ljGb"df /xg] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx
;+oGq ;lxtsf] 5l/tf] k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
❑hgtf k|lt pQ/bfoL -Downward Accountability_ ;lxtsf] ;]jf
k|jfx ;+oGq
❑b]zsf :yfg ljz]ifdf ljsf;sf] :t/ km/s km/s /x]sf] ;Gbe{df
/fHosf] ;3g pkl:ytL /xg' kg]{ , dWod pkl:ytL /xg' kg]{ / Go'g
pkl:ytL /xg' kg]{ If]qsf] klxrfg / ;f] cg'?k lghfdtL sd{rf/L
kl/rfng
❑xfn s"n lghfdtL sd{rf/L dWo] @) % lghfdtL sd{rf/L s]Gb|Lo
tx - sf7df08f} pkTosf _ df sfo{/t /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;/L gLlt
lgdf{0f x'g] txdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf / ;]jf k|jfxsf] txdf sd sd{rf/L
/x]sf] l:ytL df kl/jt{g x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
❑ New Public Management n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] Public Sector Problem
Private Sector Solution cg'?k sfo{ ;+oGq / kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf;
Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
❑ u'0fdf x|f; gcfpg] lsl;daf6 k|lt:kwL{ ;dfj]zL k|zf;gsf] canDag
❑a9'jf sd{rf/L pTk|]/0ffsf] k|d'v >f]t /x]sf] ;Gbe{df Pp6} AolQm Pp6} kbdf
nfdf] ;do ;Dd a:g gkfpg] u/L ax' alxu{dg k|0ffnL (Multi exit System)
ePdf dflysf kbx? qmdz: vfnL x'b} hfg] / o;n] j[lQ dfu{ (Career Path)
km/flsnf] agfpb5
❑/fHosf] ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/Lsf] Inter and Intra State (Vertical /
Horizontal Mobility) sf] ;+efjgf / ;+oGq klxrfg

❑nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/LIff k|0ffnL clt k|lt:kwL{ ePsf] sf/0fn] Hofb} Ifdtfjfg
sd{rf/L lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]sf] ca:yf 5 . t/ tL clt k|lt:kwL{ /
Ifdtfjfg sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf k|jfx eg] ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] 5}g . o;y{ k|lt:kwf{
nfO{ pQ/bfloTj ;+u cfaWb ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
❑ljifout 1fgsf] cltl/Qm ;"rgf k|ljwLsf] ljsf; ;+u} sDKo"6/ , km\ofS; ,
kmf]6f]skL , ;jf/L rfns 1fg , efiffut 1fg, g]t[Tj z}nL, u|fxs ;Dks{ z}nL
h:tf ax' ;Lko'Qm of]Uotf k/LIffDamodar
k|0ffnLdf
Regmi
;dfj]z ul/g' kg]{
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
 ;+:yfut :j?k Policy
Sovereignty related
Activities

Central Level
Policy Harmonization, Coordination Monitoring
Inter State Transfer

Developmental Activities Development Activities,

Implementation Coordination
Recruitment Hiring Firing
State Level

Local Level

Service Delivery Service Delivery

Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
Reform is a journey rather than destination

The Last point of Success is the 1st point of

Departure

Damodar Regmi
Reform is a continuous process-OECD
regmi.damodar@gmail.com
Thank you

Damodar Regmi
regmi.damodar@gmail.com